Technology Commercialization Project Research Articles

과학치안 R&D 실용화에 대한 논의

This study is a pre-study for the survey on the demand for commercialization of police technology, and aims to grasp the perception of the current technology of field police officers. Specifically, the current status, utilization, satisfaction, problem, improvement direction, and technology and equipment desired to be introduced by field police officers under the classification system for each technology target were analyzed. As for the analysis data, preliminary survey data of the demand survey for the 「2022 Police Technology Commercialization Project and FGI data of 15 on-site police officers were used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the holding status was held by the affiliated functions/institution from at least 4.0% to a maximum of 55.2% by the middle classification of security science and technology. It was confirmed that the average score of utilization and satisfaction were higher than 5points in all middle categories (7point scale). However, in the case of introduction recognition, a relatively low number was reported, with a minimum of 3.2% to a maximum of 15.5% for each division. In this study, policy suggestions for the direction of commercialization of police technology were presented through these results and opinions of field police officers derived from FGI.

PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

The accelerated development of economies is not possible without the introduction of innovation and the development of the country's scientific and research potential. The scientific and innovative system, represented by the subjects of the relationship, which directly affect the development of the scientific and innovative potential of the country. The end product of the system is the commercialization of research and development activities. The process of technology commercialization itself is a specific project, nevertheless, project management tools are applicable for it, but taking into account the specifics of innovation and with a high risk of failure. The article examines the main problems and barriers to the commercialization of technologies by conducting a sociological survey of participants in the innovation system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the survey was to obtain a holistic picture of the modern situations of the innovation system of Kazakhstan with an attempt to identify the main problems, both in the system as a whole, and in the process in particular. The respondents were direct participants in technology commercialization projects. Also, the article considered the problem of ensuring the educational approach of direct participants in innovative activities. The problem of the low level of education and the degradation of the education system is rising, which directly affects the country's innovation system. On the basis of the work done, recommendations were received on improving the innovation system and the corresponding project approach to the commercialization of technologies.

How the effect of opportunity discovery on innovation outcome differs between DIY laboratories and public research institutes: The role of industry turbulence and knowledge generation in the case of Singapore

In the recent decade, knowledge diffusion channels from universities and public research institutes to industry using open innovation have expanded to open science in the form of Do-It-Yourself laboratories proliferating worldwide. Despite the significance of open science and open innovation in Science, Technology and Innovation policy, empirical studies on the open processes in Do-It-Yourself laboratories and public research institutes are limited. This study examines how both institutions discover and develop opportunities. Based on an empirical study of 164 and 189 technology commercialization projects undertaken by resident firms at Do-It-Yourself laboratories and by public research institutes with companies, respectively, in Singapore, we found the relationship between opportunity discovery and innovation outcome is positively linear in Do-It-Yourself laboratories, but U-shaped in public research institutes. We establish that project type moderates the relationship in such a way that at low level of opportunity discovery, public research institutes are likely to achieve higher innovation outcome than Do-It-Yourself laboratories; while at high level of opportunity discovery, public research institutes are likely to achieve lower innovation outcome than Do-It-Yourself laboratories. Our findings also indicate industry turbulence moderates the relationship differently between public research institutes and Do-It-Yourself laboratories, while knowledge generation mediates the relationship in both institutions.

Policies to promote science-industry links and technology commercialisation in emerging countries: the case of Kazakhstan's Technology Commercialization Project

National innovation systems in emerging countries often suffer from weak university-industry links and inefficient technology commercialisation processes. While the existing literature is rich in analysing this kind of systemic failures from a broad theoretical perspective, there is a shortage of applied studies that discuss how these challenges unfold in practice and the policy options to address them. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this research agenda through a case study of the Technology Commercialization Project in Kazakhstan. This project was launched in 2010 by Kazakhstan's Ministry of Education and Science in cooperation with the World Bank. It comprised different measures to strengthen the national science base and to promote technology commercialisation. It was designed to address existing inefficiencies that hamper innovation in Kazakhstan, such as insufficient science-industry links; lack of critical mass in scientific research; inefficient funding programs that fail to reward excellence; and poor institutions and infrastructures. Following the end of the Technology Commercialization Project in 2015, the aim of this article is to provide a critical assessment of its outcomes and future challenges. Based on the recent experience of Kazakhstan, broader policy implications relevant to other transition and emerging countries are drawn.

Policies to promote science-industry links and technology commercialisation in emerging countries: the case of Kazakhstan's Technology Commercialization Project

Policies to promote science-industry links and technology commercialisation in emerging countries: the case of Kazakhstan's Technology Commercialization Project

기업의 기술사업화 프로젝트 성공요인에 관한 실증연구

Although numerous literature has proposed conceptual models and empirical evidence regarding technology commercialization of firms, prior research has not provided sufficient evidence-based implications about the success possibilities of technology commercialization projects within firms. To replenish related researches, this paper empirically investigates the factors that determine the success of the technology commercialization projects of firms based on the unique novel dataset from survey for Korean firms. To obtain policy implications of enhancing technology commercialization within firms, we conducted the research focusing on both environments surrounding firms pursuing technology commercialization and policy aspects rather than on internal factors of firms. The empirical results show that factors related to demands for the new technologies and products targeted by the projects, such as authentication, improve the success of technology commercialization projects within firms. In addition, the results show evidence that the government supports should be focused on the stage of product development among the commercialization process.

Flow-Assist Free Zn/NiOOH Battery Prepared By Electrodeposition

Non-flammable, high durability and low cost battery is required for smart grids applications. Zinc-based rechargeable batteries such as zinc–nickel oxide systems are one of the most attractive energy storage systems for such applications due to the advantages of zinc as low cost, abundance, and low toxicity. Higher energy density in terms of both weight (Whkg− 1) and volume (WhL− 1) is also expected compared with conventional batteries such as nickel–metal hydride [1]. The primary issue limiting use of zinc anodes in rechargeable batteries is the short cycle life caused by dendrite formation upon cycling causing short circuiting [2,3]. In order to solve this problem flow-assisted Zn/NiOOH batteries have been suggested, but this battery needs flowing KOH aqueous electrolyte solution to suppress Zn whisker growth [4]. In current work, a novel flow-assist free battery was developed to meet the requirements for above mentioned applications. This battery was prepared by electrodeposition of NiOOH cathode and anode, and using an aqueous electrolyte. Electrodeposition is one of the most economical and facile technique for producing metal/hydroxide electrodes, which used in this work to prepare both NiOOH and Zn electrodes. The electrodes were directly electrodeposited onto three-dimensional carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrates. Both electrodeposited electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Fig. 1) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed formation of NiOOH and Zn, respectively. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests conducted at 0.05 C rate showed that the prepared NiOOH cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 250 mAh/g when used with the electrodeposited Zn anode. Further details of the work will be presented at the meeting. Acknowledgements This work was supported under the Technology Commercialization Project (Grant # OK_653) supported by the World Bank and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and a research Grant #3756/GF4 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan.

Methods for Commercializing the Results of the Innovation Project

The effective promotion of products will largely determine the performance of the basic indicators of the innovative project, which include the time of return and sales, profits and efficiency and effectiveness. At implementation of innovation, the promotion of innovative products is traditionally defined as commercialization. Depending on the classification of the participants in the process of commercialization, the results of the innovative project may be determined, the objectives in promotion of technology commercialization projects corrected and different strategies for project promotion used. Activities for planning commercialization, including both the determination of innovative ways to promote products on the market and identification of ways and actors of commercialization and their share in the terms and rights to innovation, will be implemented at the stage of development of the life cycle of the innovation project. The chosen method for commercialization of the innovation project results will determine the cost structure. Thus, elaborating the business plan at the stage of development of the innovation project life cycle, the company shall determine the method for commercializing an innovative project in the case of involvement of relevant third party organizations into the implementation of this process and the joint selection of commercialization tools and to make the calculation and comparative analysis to determine the size and cost structure to take a final decision.

Free-Standing and Flexible Carbon Membrane for Lithium-Sulphur Batteries

In the last two decades, rechargeable Li-ion batteries have dominated the market. However, the increasing demand for energy storage creates new challenges for further use of lithium-ion batteries mainly due to the problems associated with limited energy density and high cost. To improve the specific energy of rechargeable batteries, a lithium-sulphur (Li-S) battery attracts particular interest in recent years as next-generation energy storage device due to its highest energy density (2600 Wh/kg) and theoretical capacity (1672 mAh/g) among all known systems. Furthermore, sulphur is cheap, abundant and environmentally benign. Despite this, due to its insulating nature, large volume changes during cycling of cell, and solubility of the polysulfides formed during these processes, the practical application of lithium-sulphur rechargeable batteries has not been successful yet [1]. To overcome these problems, we developed and investigated a free-standing and flexible carbon membrane as an interlayer between the sulfur/PANI composite cathode and the separator to prevent the shuttling of the intermediate polysulfides in Li-S batteries. Sulphur/PANI composites were prepared based on the as-prepared sulphur powder via a self-assembly process. 15 ml of aqueous suspension, containing 1 g sulphur was sonicated for 10min. 15 ml of aniline (An) monomer solution in water was dissolved into the suspension and stirred magnetically for 0.5 h at room temperature. pH of the suspension was adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1 M HCl solution then replaced into ice bath. A precooled FeCl3 aqueous solution was added into the resulting mixture together with diluted HCl. The mixture was reacted for 5 h at 0−5 °C. A black precipitate was separated by filtration and then thouroghly washed several times with deionized water, ethanol, acetone and 0.01 M HCl, and dried overnight under reduced pressure at room temperature to get the final composite product. Different molar ratio of aniline to sulphur were used to optimize the formation condition for preparation of the sulphur/PANI composites. Cathode electrodes were prepared by mixing 80 wt% sulphur/PANI, 10 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, Kynar, HSV900) as a binder and 10 wt% acetylene black as a conducting agent in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, Sigma-Aldrich). The resultant slurry was coated on aluminium foil as a current collector, and vacuum dried at 60 °C for 3 h. Free-standing and flexible carbon membranes have been prepared by mixing carbon source and a binder at different molar ratio, coated on aluminium foil and vacuum dried at 60 °C for 4 h. After drying the composite has been detached from aluminium foil, cuted and set between the sulphur/PANI cathode and separator (Celgard). Lihium metal used as anode. The coin cell type cells were assembled in an argon filled glove box (MBRAUN LABMASTER). 1 M LiPF6solution in EC:DMC:DEC (1:1:1) was used as electrolyte. In summary, we have successfully prepared flexible and free-standing carbon membrane for Li–S batteries. Carbon membrane adsorbed the intermediate polysulfides and prevented their shuttling, and a battery with the sulphur/PANI composite exhibited excellent lithium storage performance, enhanced cycle stability and high rate capacity. This publication has been made within the Sub-project #157-2013 which is funded under the Technology Commercialization Project, supported by the World Bank and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan Keywords: lithium-sulphur batteries, free-standing membrane, energy storage.

Sulfur/Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotube Binder-Free Electrode for High Performance Li/S Batteries

Introduction Due to low cost, environmental friendliness and high theoretical capacity of sulfur, rechargeable Li/S batteries are very promising power sources for various applications. However, the insulating nature of sulfur and solubility of polysulfides as discharge products restrict its practical application [1]. Among the approaches to overcome these problems, carbon nanotubes are widely used to obtain a flexible conductive matrix for S cathode [2]. Nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) significantly improves its electronic conductivity because the nitrogen atoms provide additional free electrons for the conduction band [3].In this work, we report for the first time on a high performance S/N-CNT cathode for Li/S battery. Exclusion of heat-treatment in the composite preparation avoided the sulfur loss; the composite contained 61 wt% of sulfur. Thanks to the self-weaving behavior of N-CNT, binders and current collectors are rendered unnecessary, thereby simplifying the electrode manufacturing process and increasing the sulfur content in the total electrode weight. The N-CNT core provides a highly conductive and mechanically flexible framework, enhancing the electronic conductivity and consequently the rate capability of the material. This resulting composite cathode sustains 833 mAh g-1 reversible specific discharge capacity after 100 cycles at 0.1 C, and 676 mAh g-1at 1 C with a coulombic efficiensy about 100%. Experimental The S/N-CNT composite preparation is schematically shown in Fig. 1. Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes were dispersed in deionized water by sonication at room temperature. The obtained N-CNT suspension was mixed ultrasonically with the aqueous suspension of nano-sulfur. The resulting system was vacuum-filtered and thoroughly washed with deionized water and ethanol. The binder-free S/N-CNT composite was obtained by further drying in a vacuum oven at 60 °C overnight to remove the solvent. Acknowledgments This research was supported by a Research Grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan and by a Subproject supported under the Technology Commercialization Project by the World Bank and the Government of Kazakhstan.

Pharmacogenetic research in Kazakhstan.

IntroductionPharmacogenomics is an emerging field of medicine that combines genetics and pharmacology. Pharmacogenomic research is relatively new in Kazahkstan, but, in recent years, significant progress has been made in this field. The National Scientific Laboratory for Biotechnology has launched several government-funded research projects focused on finding genetic markers that determine susceptibility to various drugs. Another goal of pharmacogenetic research in the laboratory is to find the pharmacogenomic markers that target cardiovascular diseases, accounting for allelic frequencies in selected genes in the Kazakh population. In addition, pharmacogenomic testing kits allow patients to choose the drug dosage. For example, the drug Warfarin has been developed within the framework of the “Technology Commercialization Project,” funded jointly by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the World Bank.Material and methodsThe pharmacogenomic studies were conducted using the real-time PCR and direct DNA sequencing. DNA was isolated from venous blood or buccal cells, collected from patients.ResultsTo date, we have identified the most promising areas of research in the field of pharmacogenomics in Kazakhstan. The allelic frequencies of a number of polymorphisms in the Kazakh population have been calculated (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, VKORC1, CYP4F2, GGCX, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, NAT2, GSTP1, SLC47A1). A unique repository of DNA samples was established and is being replenished during the implementation of aforementioned projects. Development of the testing kit for individual selection of Warfarin dosage is nearing completion. A patent, named “Method of Selection Based Dose Warfarin Genotyping for the Kazakh Population” has been recently obtained. An application for another patent, titled “Express Method of Correction of Warfarin Dosing, Based on Real-time PCR” has received positive evaluation. The results of domestic pharmacogenomic studies will allow a more rational selection of drugs and their dosage regimens specific to the Kazakh population.

Models for multiple attribute decision making method in hesitant triangular fuzzy setting

We investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems in which attribute values take the form of hesitant triangular fuzzy information. Firstly, some operational laws of hesitant triangular fuzzy elements and score function of hesitant fuzzy elements are introduced. Then, we have developed the hesitant triangular fuzzy choquet ordered averaging (HTFCOA) operator. The prominent characteristic of the operators is that they can not only consider the importance of the elements or their ordered positions, but also reflect the correlation among the elements or their ordered positions. We have applied the HTFCOA operators to multiple attribute decision making for potential evaluation of emerging technology commercialization projects with hesitant triangular fuzzy information. Finally an illustrative example for potential evaluation of emerging technology commercialization projects has been given to show the developed method.

Being Innovative - Lessons Learned from the Practice of Technology Commercialization

Innovation has emerged as a critical priority for organizations of all types to ensure prosperity and future success. In these times of sluggish economic performance, financial austerity, and intense global competition, every organization, including higher education, needs to implement processes and a culture of innovation that deliver more value from every available resource. Engineers must be the leaders of this implementation. Despite the attention to innovation, the philosophies and best practices of 'being innovative' are still emerging. Just as the philosophies and academic discipline of leadership have emerged over the last decades, it is believed that innovation will follow the same path. Concepts will be developed from practicing innovation-stage development projects and observing and recording best practices from successful outcomes. Rose-Hulman Ventures is a technology commercialization program where corporate partners bring concepts, research results, and intellectual property together, and teams of faculty, staff, and students develop designs, models, and prototypes as part of the commercialization process. Over ten years of operation, the program has worked with hundreds of industrial clients in a broad range of industry segments. These projects come after the 'research stage' and fall in the critical 'innovation stage' of development where technologies are prepared for success in the marketplace. Through these projects, several guiding principles and best practices have emerged for the process of innovation. The paper summarizes eight 'best practices' learned from these innovation stage projects. In a broader sense, the best practices are appropriate not only for technology commercialization projects, but as guidelines of how to 'be innovative' for both individuals and organizations. These eight best practices will be supported both by current literature in innovation management and the experiences of a decade of innovation and education success.

Typology for Cooperative Relationship between Large and SMEs and Implication for Government Policy in Korea : Focused on technology and marketing Cooperation

Over the last few years, despite the government's ongoing efforts for cooperative relationship between large firms and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), their effectiveness is limited. In addition, the academic researches for addressing practical policy alternatives are also insufficient. This study aims to suggest the practical policies for cooperative relationship between large firms and SMEs. To this end, we suggest typology to know how collaboration process between large firms and SMEs for technology commercialization project with the utilization of dimensions of technology and marketing cooperaton is, and analyse the characteristics of each type, and examine the present situation of collaboration between large firms and SMEs in Korea and then finally, derive government policy guidelines. Through this research, we suggest theoretical framework to reinforce national industry competitiveness under growing global competition through suggesting how SMEs take survival basis, and also how large firms collaborate with SMEs.

Random effects logistic regression model for ranking efficiency in data envelopment analysis

Ranking efficiency based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) results can be used for grouping decision-making units (DMUs). The resulting group membership can be partly related to the environmental characteristics of DMU, which are not used either as input or output. Utilizing the expert knowledge on super efficiency DEA results, we propose a multinomial Dirichlet regression model, which can be used for the purpose of selection of new projects. A case study is presented in the context of ranking analysis of new information technology commercialization projects. It is expected that our proposed approach can complement the DEA ranking results with environmental factors and at the same time it facilitates the prediction of efficiency of new DMUs with only given environmental characteristics.

Decision Tree based on data envelopment analysis for effective technology commercialization

In recent years, much governmental investment has been committed to R&D in the area of information technology industry. However, its commercialization rate is reported to be lower than expected. In order to prevent such waste, feedback information obtained from the rigorous evaluation of the finished R&D project needs to be utilized for future selection of new projects. The main purpose of our study is to provide the roadmap of the effective technology commercialization projects using the Decision Tree (DT) of data envelopment analysis (DEA) results when a company tries to develop or transfer its new technology. The environmental variables representing the characteristics of technology provider, receiver and technology itself are used as input variables for DT where the DEA results are used as a target variable. It is expected that our proposed approach can be effectively used to obtain the efficient scenario among the alternatives of several technology projects.