Technological Procedures Research Articles

An Approach to Value Cocoa Bean By-Product Based on Subcritical Water Extraction and Spray Drying Using Different Carriers

The aim of this study was to establish an efficient, sustainable technological procedure for valorization of food by-product, that is, cocoa bean shells (CBSs). The properties and stability of CBS extracts obtained by spray drying process with maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein (WP) as carrier agents were evaluated. For this purpose, phytochemicals of CBSs were extracted by subcritical water extraction. Physico-chemical properties, total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents of the encapsulated extracts were determined in order to verify the efficiency of spray drying. Additional analyses for phytochemical characterization of the obtained powders were also performed. The efficiency of microencapsulation process was characterized by product recoveries higher than 58%. Both coating materials significantly influenced the encapsulation of phytochemicals in terms of rehydration, water solubility index and water absorption index, with WP being at an advantage. The best results for TP and TF contents were achieved when CBSs were encapsulated using WP (37.68 mg GAE/g and 7.66 mg CE/g, respectively). Microencapsulation using WP yielded higher content of gallic acid, caffeine, and theobromine than those with MD. According to the results, the formulation using 50% WP provided a better preservation of polyphenols compared to 50% MD. Therefore, spray drying with WP can be used as a method of choice for obtaining high quality CBS powders.

Microeconomic Implications of Environmental Tax

The devastation of the environment occurs mainly as a result of intensive economic development. The study of its consequences is a subject of interest of experts from various professional orientations. Economic theorists, ecologists and all those involved in the creation of solutions in the field of environmental policy, product designers and new technological procedures constantly point to the need for alignment of economic development goals and the environmental consequences that economic progress causes. Excluding natural disasters, external diseconomies in production are the most powerful cause of environmental degradation, regardless of whether they occur in the form of hydro, aero or lithium pollution. The aim of this paper is to show how the introduction of pollution taxes affects the behavior of market players, the amount of pollution and the magnitude of social well-being. In most cases, the market mechanism cannot adequately address the problem of negative externalities in production. But, on the other hand, this state, because of limited information on the consequences of environmental damage or for other reasons, through its intervention in the market, can produce an outcome worse than that created by the uncontrolled market.

Lutein as a functional food ingredient: Stability and bioavailability

• Microalgae could be used as a new source of lutein. • Lutein is an antioxidant compound with several health benefits. • Lutein low stability is the main challenge for the incorporation in food products. • The preparation of nanoemulsions can increase the bioavailability of lutein. Lutein is a carotenoid found in numerous organisms ranging from bacteria to algae, yeasts, and plants. The biological importance of this pigment emerged from various studies demonstrating its antioxidant potential, playing a significant role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other diseases such as cancer. Lutein is also essential in the development of infants brain and must be consumed in sufficient amounts to obtain its health benefits. Lutein biologically effective dose is difficult to achieve due to its low lutein bioaccessibility and bioavailability in food sources. These factors are differentially affected by the properties of the food matrix, the processing, and the presence of other dietary components. The objective of this literature review was to explore lutein stability and bioavailability by modifications and variations associated with food technological procedures.

Design of a New Method for Detection of Occupancy in the Smart Home Using an FBG Sensor.

This article introduces a new way of using a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for detecting the presence and number of occupants in the monitored space in a smart home (SH). CO2 sensors are used to determine the CO2 concentration of the monitored rooms in an SH. CO2 sensors can also be used for occupancy recognition of the monitored spaces in SH. To determine the presence of occupants in the monitored rooms of the SH, the newly devised method of CO2 prediction, by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) with a scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithm using measurements of typical operational technical quantities (indoor temperature, relative humidity indoor and CO2 concentration in the SH) is used. The goal of the experiments is to verify the possibility of using the FBG sensor in order to unambiguously detect the number of occupants in the selected room (R104) and, at the same time, to harness the newly proposed method of CO2 prediction with ANN SCG for recognition of the SH occupancy status and the SH spatial location (rooms R104, R203, and R204) of an occupant. The designed experiments will verify the possibility of using a minimum number of sensors for measuring the non-electric quantities of indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity and the possibility of monitoring the presence of occupants in the SH using CO2 prediction by means of the ANN SCG method with ANN learning for the data obtained from only one room (R203). The prediction accuracy exceeded 90% in certain experiments. The uniqueness and innovativeness of the described solution lie in the integrated multidisciplinary application of technological procedures (the BACnet technology control SH, FBG sensors) and mathematical methods (ANN prediction with SCG algorithm, the adaptive filtration with an LMS algorithm) employed for the recognition of number persons and occupancy recognition of selected monitored rooms of SH.

Fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes based on ZnO for flexible electronics

The manufacturing of electronic devices over flexible substrates becomes a very interesting approach for novel applications. However, the possibility to implement the full technological fabrication procedure is limited for the thermal properties of the flexible substrates. In this paper, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by solvothermal process at three different temperatures is presented. Nanopowders synthetized at different temperatures by the solvothermal process were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, SEM. Characterization results show that, ZnO powders present a hexagonal wurtzite structure, a band gap magnitude around 3.28 eV, and the particle size is reduced as the temperature is increased. Additionally, fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes based on zinc oxide nanoparticles over polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates is shown. The maximum temperature used in the diode fabrication was 150 °C, which is compatible with flexible substrates. Electrical characterization of fabricated diodes showed the thermionic emission as the main conduction mechanism. The full diode parameters were extracted from reverse and forward current–voltage characteristic. The extracted parameters were barrier height ~ 0.54 eV, series resistance of 660 Ω, and an ideality factor of 5.6.

A Technical Version of Achieving a Brass Coated Surface on Steel Wires

The paper presents in detail the technological flow for achieving, nowadays, for a brass coating on steel wires, as well as a proposed technological procedure (and patented by the patent 0011467) to get the same type of surface on the steel wires. It is noted that steel wires which have been finally brass coated are the constituent elements of motor vehicle tires, so the: "grip force" achieved by this coating and the rubber mass are particularly important.The current technological procedure for the construction of a brass coated surface on the steel wires involves a first phase of copper deposition (in fact in two steps: the first step consists in an electrodeposition followed by the second step: chemical deposition of copper). In the second phase the electrodeposition of Zn is achieved. Finally, the two previous depositions have been diffused (through a process called thermo-diffusion). The thermo-diffusion is achieved by direct electrical heating, but provides a product "with problems" for the subsequent wiredrawing process.We propose replacing it with a simpler technological procedure involving the achieving of the brass coating layer on steel wires through a single electrodeposition technique followed, by a final wiredrawing process [1].

Influence of rearing conditions on reproduction, growth, milk yield and quality of meat and milk of sheep and goats

The most important stressors in our country are unfavourable climatic and nutritional conditions. Extreme deviations in climatic and nutritional conditions are immediate stressors for the body of sheep and goats. Appetite in sheep and goats decreases if they are exposed to extremely high ambient temperatures, while cold increases the body's energy needs and leads to the mobilization of fat from body fat and the consequent oxidation of fat and the formation of non-esterified fatty acids. Thyroid activity is reduced when these animals are exposed to high temperatures, and increased when they are exposed to cold. In an environment with high temperatures, blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations decrease due to unsuccessful maintenance of homeostasis. Sheep and goats are naturally kept in a group, which basically protects them from predators. They successfully register the action of new stimuli, especially noise and sudden movements of nearby predators. Early weaning breaks the bond between mother and offspring and adversely affects the development of normal behavioural relationships in lambs and kids, because artificial feeding systems do not fully meet the needs of oral activity, so sucking of the umbilical and scrotal region often occurs. Investigations of the influence of various technological procedures on the reactivity of the adrenal cortex indicate that the separation of the animal from the herd and immobilization are the most significant stimuli. Electrical stunning of sheep at the slaughterhouse causes significant stimulation of the sympathetic system with a sudden release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. In conditions of intensive production, the most significant stressors and physiological conditions that lead to stress are: parturition, birth, puerperal period, weaning, oestrus, high pregnancy, various surgical procedures, veterinary and zootechnical procedures, extreme variations of micro- and macroclimatic conditions, variations in quantity and food quality, etc.

Formulation of Design Concepts of Complex Technical Tools and Technological Processes of Plant Cultivation

Nowadays both agricultural science and practice possess a great amount of experimental data that should be taken into account during the process of development of new technological procedures and working tools. Consequently, the necessity of designing of technical processes appears in order to identify their effectiveness. That is why appliance of methods of synthesis of technological processes is of immediate interests. These methods of synthesis of technological processes should be based on the characteristics of tillage, seeding and production systems of the economy and latter should define the realization of projected technological processes. The design of technological processes is one of the complex problems with its characteristic feature – the lack of knowledge about the methods of designing, suitable for system and structural modeling and algorithmization of design processes. To overcome this incompleteness, a systematic approach is needed. The system approach underlines that specificity of complex objects lies in the nature of their constituent parts and elements as well as in their interrelationships. This article presents the design methodology that is based on the formulated fundamental assumptions and principles of the system including more specific statements, revealing the structure and content of the design operations, the synthesis of the solutions choice. The article also deals with the designed principles of technological compatibility and emergence suitability for system-structural analysis of complex technical means and technological processes, consisting of statements having a hierarchical structure, where the degree of the goals specification increases from level to level, and the approval of the last level determines the direction of the search for the optimal solution of the problem.

Diagnostics of Flat Roofs with Flexible Sheets for Waterproofing

This paper deals with diagnostics of flat roofs with flexible sheets for waterproofing (membrane). The diagnostics is focused on defects and water tightness of membrane. The roof is one of the building’s most important building envelope. In case of defect, the other layers of the roof, including the structure frame, are degraded. The introduction gives an overview of individual methods and their division. The following part describes advantages and drawbacks of the individual methods. The next part is focused on the following type of test - High Voltage Membrane Testing. The test is described in detail, including the Conductive detection membrane, which was developed specifically for this method. This test, in combination with other methods, seems optimal, but it is most reliable to prevent possible defects by following technological procedures.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЗДАНИЯ УЧЕБНОГО ВИДЕОКОНТЕНТА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

The study reveals the problem of organizing the efficient educational process using distance learning technologies based on video content. The paper presents the characteristics of e-learning and distance learning technologies. The study shows that e-learning, being flexible and variable, requires updating the content of education. Teachers need to master new telecommunications technologies, improve digital and information competencies. The authors show that video content genres being the synthesis of various types of visualization allow best solving teaching objectives within the educational process using e-learning technologies. The relevance of the latter is particularly obvious at present. The authors describe such types of video genres as a webinar, video-case, fast, conversation, interview, documentary webinar, and scripted video clip. The paper reveals the process of creation of a learning webinar with the participation of a lecturer and a student, describes the stages of script development, content design, video shooting, and editing. The development and rendering of learning programs to eContent causes the change in the role of a teacher; communication opportunities extend. The lecturer needs to customize innovative technologies to his/her methodological activity. The student’s participation in the process of preparing the materials supporting the teacher’s lecture gives an opportunity both to broaden knowledge in subject matter and to learn the fundamental aesthetic and technological principles and procedures of eContent creation. The presented material allows concluding that joint participation in the development of teacher’s and student’s webinars is an efficient means of formation of a set of skills of eContent communication and processing highly demanded in the modern educational process.

Značaj geodetskog inženjerstva u inženjersko-tehničkim oblastima

The paper deals with the presentation of the valid legal role of geodetic activity in the field of civil engineering in the Republic of Serbia. Permanent diminution of the importance and role of the geodetic profession in practice is pointed out, which can lead to serious consequences and significant material damage to society and the individual. While under previous regulations nothing could be built and put into operation without control by the geodetic profession, with a number of new regulations this phase is neglected or skipped, often relying on visual control. Geodetic control was one of the most important stages without which work could not be started, continued or work permit issued. The assumption is that the motive for this situation lies in the pervasive need to accelerate technological construction procedures with the aim of reaching unrealistic deadlines and creating the idea of greater efficiency of work, contrary to the quality and safety of construction, will be turned out very quickly.

МОНІТОРИНГ РАДІАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКОЇ ЗОНИ

Urgency of the Research. Thirty-five years have passed since the Chernobyl accident. During this time, the environment has undergone constant changes under the influence of natural and human factors. Knowledge of these changes is impossible without the separation of anthropogenic processes from natural, which is why they organize special observations on various parameters of the biosphere, which change as a result of human activity. It is in the observation of the environment, the assessment of its actual state, and the forecasting of its development, that the essence of monitoring of radiation pollution of the territory of the Chernobyl zone is under the present conditions. Target setting. Investigation of modern technological procedures and technical means of monitoring to further create a system of integrated radiological control of the environment will ensure the prevention and elimination of negative changes in the state of the environment in the territory of both the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) and throughout Ukraine. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent publications and reports on open access concerning the problems of monitoring of radiation pollution of the Chernobyl zone in the current conditions have been considered. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Maintaining integrated radio-ecological environmental monitoring in areas where radiation hazards are located requires constant monitoring and monitoring of the radiation environment in the environment in order to determine its level of contamination and respond quickly to emergencies and prevent possible radiation accidents, as well as to prevent their occurrence. and the environment. The research objective. Comprehensive monitoring of radiation pollution requires the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and potential specific sources of emissions in the ChEZ, the creation of a complete register of collected data for the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the ChEZ, a systematic description of sources of emissions from forest fires, fires, during the decommissioning of the ChNPP. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with the issues of integrated radio-ecological monitoring of the environment in the areas of radiation hazard objects, the use of an automated radiation monitoring system (ASCRO), the implementation of a real time decision support system in response to nuclear accidents - RODOS in Chernobyl. Conclusions. The implementation of ASCRO and RODOS systems in the Chernobyl zone has allowed to create a comprehensive system of radio-ecological environmental monitoring of the state, regional and local levels, which is intended to solve the main tasks of environmental safety management, including, at high risk objects.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКОМУ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ 3D-КАДАСТРА

The article considers the approach to 3D cadastre geodetic control creation. Within the framework of this approach it is suggested to present the given production process by two technological operations: creation of geodetic control network in cadastral block to coordinate the external contour of capital construction object (CCO) and 3D modeling of its internal elements (premises). To implement these technological procedures, a regulatory framework for performing geodetic measurements and a coordinate system for entering the necessary information in the unified state register of real estate (USRRE) and performing 3D modeling of the structural elements of the CCO is proposed. It is noted that when implementing the proposed technological solutions, the technical plan prepared by the cadastral engineer can be considered not only as a document that allows the state cadastral registration of the ACS and its structural elements, but also as a regulatory document that determines the compliance of the erected building with its design parameters.

The classical criteria application for the decision­making uncertainty risk determination of the preferences system by the air traffic controllers on the characteristic errors hazards

Given the influence of the human factor on decision-making processes by aviation operators of the “leading edge”, therefore, — of the flight safety, individual and group preference systems as formalized representations of air traffic controllers about a number of spectrum ordered by danger have been investigated from n=21 of characteristic errors. That has a pronounced positive proactive character. Explicating their opinions, the air traffic controllers simultaneously form discriminating, memorizing skills, therefore, — avoidance of mistakes in a professional activity: the subjects made one third fewer errors in comparison with other air traffic controllers in the process of simulator training. Group preference systems allow identifying the features of the functioning of individual socie­ties — dispatch shifts, possible group deformations, as well as the impact on their members of the presentation features of the performing technological procedures specifics by instructors. m=37 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which were involved in research, were built by pairwise comparison of the danger of errors and the application of a differential method of distributing the indicator of their total danger. That contributed to conducting of 420 pairwise error hazard comparisons. The implementation of a multi-step procedure for identifying and screening out 10 marginal opinions has led to a statistically consistent group system of preferences: Kendall’s concordance coefficient equals is W=0,700 and it became statistically significant at a high level of significance of a = 1 %. The decision matrix was formed from mА=27 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which, by the definition, is a “cost matrix” and for the solution of which a methodology for the correct application of the classical decision criteria by Wald, Savage, Bayes-Laplace, Hurwitz has been implemented. It revealed the identity of the group systems of preferences obtained by Wald and Savage criterion, as well as the Bayes-Laplace criterion and such a strategy of group decisions as summation and averaging of ranks. The empirical preferences are generally the same: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients are unusually high (RB–L–W/S=0,8922, RB–L–HW=0,9263, RW/S–HW=0,9477) and statistically gullible at a high level of significance for human factor studies . The following values of the normative indicator of the not distinguishing dangers of error risk in the group preference systems are obtained: R*BL=0 , R*HW=0,19·10-2, R*W/S=5,58·10-2. The value of this indicator for the group is R*g=0,52·10-2.

Oils rich in alpha linolenic acid: chemical composition of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil

In this paper, the main chemical properties of Perilla seed oil (PO) obtained by mechanical pressing of Perilla seeds are reported. The analysis of fatty acid composition has highlighted a very high amount of (n-3) α-linolenic acid (ALA), more than 60%, higher than other ALA rich oils such as linseed and sacha inchi oils and similar to chia oil. PO has an important sterol (higher than 3000 mg/kg) and vitamin E (approx. 870 mg/kg) content, while biophenols are in quite low concentration. The analyzed sample showed a very low acid and peroxide value and this is the demonstration that, following the proper technological procedures, it is possible to obtain high quality oils even in presence of high α-linolenic acid concentrations.

HUMAN BODY ANTHROPOMORPHIC PHANTOM UTILISATION FOR THE COMPLEX TESTING OF RADIATION THERAPY TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS

The rapid development of technologies in the field of radiation therapy allows us nowadays to implement precision and most clinically effective radiotherapy techniques for oncological patient’s treatment to minimize the irradiation of normal tissues and improve local tumor control. An important condition for the implementation of the justification principle is strict compliance with the requirements for the accuracy of the dose delivered. High standards of radiation treatments performed are guaranteed by the development and strict compliance with the quality assurance (QA) program in the radiological department. However, due to QA programmes specificity, standardized and worldwide used tests included in the quality management system are trivial mechanical and dosimetric tests that can’t define the presence and magnitude of the integral error in the dose delivered to the patient, which arises as a result of the execution of sophisticated radiation therapy procedures, as well as to take into account the complexity of the implementation of modern methods of treatment. The aim of the work is to develop a method of complex dosimetric testing of the radiation therapy process (end-to-end audit), based on the utilization of the anthropomorphic phantom of the original design. The result of this work is the creation of the modified anthropomorphic phantom for precision dosimetric measurements, designed for testing the following technological procedures of the radiation therapy process: a computer tomography acquisition; a computerized treatment planning system, including a contouring module and dose distribution calculation algorithm; imaging systems integrated with radiation treatment units; dosimetric and technical characteristics of the radiation treatment units. Regular dosimetric testing of the radiation therapy technological process (end-to-end audit) with utilization of the technique proposed by the authors, based on the developed anthropomorphic phantom usage, will allow to assess the accuracy of dose distribution delivered to patients with all major malignant tumors localizations.

Technology of target development in the Human Resources Management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The features of development of technologies of personnel management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are considered in the article. It is shown that the mechanism of development of the technology of targeting personnel management is inextricably linked to the processes of strategic management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The algorithm of development of targeting indicators is substantiated and it is shown that the main criteria of effectiveness of targeting of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are: political stability at the state border; economic stability; social stability; professionalism.
 The author considers technology to be considered as a set (sequence) of techniques and methods of activity in the field of personnel management and highlights the following sequence in the development of technologies of personnel management: theoretical substantiation of technology of personnel management, which involves the allocation of its main purpose, the definition of smaller objects of design, development of project strategy; design (description) of technology of personnel management connected with drawing up of the algorithm of actions directed on the description of technological procedures and operations, and also development of technological tools; introduction of personnel management technology and its testing.
 Considering the technologies of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the author considers it appropriate to differentiate between the technology of goal-setting and technology of decision-making.
 Purposeful technology is based on the following types of goals: goals, objectives, goals, operational and vector goals.
 According to the author, the main criteria for the effectiveness of the goal-setting of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are: political stability at the state border (statehood, international cooperation, democracy); economic stability (economy, reproduction, profitability, protection of economic interests of Ukraine); social stability (social security, legitimacy, cohesion, discipline, patriotism, morale); professionalism.
 The quantitative characteristics of goal setting criteria are internalized by the author on the following indicators: political; economic; social and legal; professional and professional; financial.
 The use of goal-setting technology allows for optimal choice of goals in the personnel management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The goal setting is the basis for the management decision.

Technological Procedure for the Formation of an Oxide Layer on the Surfaces of Structures Made of Titanium Alloys

Technological Procedure for the Formation of an Oxide Layer on the Surfaces of Structures Made of Titanium Alloys

Development of the Programme of Applied Research as a Tool for the Formation of Research Competency of Future Political Scientists (on the Example of the Theme “Spatial Development of Russia as a Factor in Nation-Building and National Idea Formation”)

Introduction. Nowadays, the modern higher education involves not only advanced theoretical training, but also the formation of practical skills and universal professional skills, which contribute to the development of skills of future specialists and their successful careers. The participation of students in the research work is considered as a special direction of improvement of professional competency and an essential factor of general cultural development of the student’s personality. The research work creates prerequisites for qualitative change of the whole working practice through the acquisition of abilities to act reasonably in working situations, to solve tasks and problems independently and effectively, to assess the results of own work adequately. However, the active inclusion of students in research activities was characterised by the lack of guidelines, which could be used to fill the gaps in research methodology and research procedures. This fully applies to the students of political science specialties and updates the interpretation of research and political science practices.Theaimof the article is to reveal the peculiarities of organisational and technological procedures of complex socio-political applied research, using a specific example of a training model.Methodology and research methods. The authors used general scientific and special methods and approaches: formalisation, abstraction, comparative analysis, system-based and conceptual approaches, etc. An interview was conducted as the main applied method to diagnose the degree of students’ (bachelor’s and master’s degree students training in the discipline “Political Science” at Ogarev Mordovia State University) interest in research work and their understanding of the importance of practice-oriented learning.Results and scientific novelty. On the basis of the studentsэ questionnaire responses, the factors characterising the problem situation “Quality of Student Research Work”, are worked out in detail. The survey questionnaire revealed that the research work is perceived by students as a qualification component for obtaining master’s / bachelor’s degrees, but not as an important element of professional development. A good level of theoretical knowledge of the subject area is frequently negated by the low development of practical skills, including due to the unwillingness or lack of opportunity to participate in practice-oriented research. However, the majority of respondents (77.7%) stated that they lack available information sources on the methodology of specific scientific papers with examples in order to indeppendently choose the research strategy and to develop their own professional skills. In this regard, on the example of the topic “Spatial Development of Russia as a Factor of Nation-Building and Formation of National Idea”, a universal programme of political applied research was developed. The programme can be used as a basis for long-term analysis and as a template for other thematic studies. The proposed scheme includes the selection of analysis methods and techniques to maximise the scope of the study area.Practical significance. The described research methodology can be used in educational practice, when teaching the following disciplines: “Methods and Technologies of Political Science”, “Information and Analytical Work”, “Political Analysis and Forecasting”, etc.

Development of Mining Processes with Regard of Limits Correction

The Bílina surface quarry belongs to the largest brown coal mining company in the Czech Republic, Severočeské doly a.s. Mining activities within the POPD quarry Bílina take place in the territory of this quarry for the period of years 2010 to 2030. For a smooth, safe and economical process of the whole quarry in new territorial ecological limits, the process of overburden cuts needs to be extended as soon as possible to the south to the limit of new mining limits. However, this extension is limited by the current line of valid POPD. For the continuation of mining in the territorial ecological limits pursuant to the Resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic No. 827/2015, which is entirely in accordance with §30, par. a) of the Mining Act No. 44/1988 Coll., ie when using reserved deposits it is necessary, in particular, to extract the reserves of the reserved deposit as completely as possible, with the least possible losses and pollution. It is necessary to have a new POPD based on mining - technological procedures of OPV DB (Mining to new territorial environmental limits by 2035) approved by 2021 at the latest. However, these procedures will require a more complex methodology, because it will be necessary to mine in places, which could not be extracted within a valid POPD. Another intention is also to prolong the life of the quarry, and securing supplies to heating plants, power plants ČEZ a.s. (joint-stock company), as well as supplying quality low-sulfur brown coal to small customers throughout the Czech Republic.