Technological Preparation Of Production Research Articles

Additive Optimization Method for Choosing CNC Machines for Technological Preparation of Machine-Building Production

The introduction of Industry 4.0 into the technological preparation of production leads to the optimization of processes, including the processes of selecting equipment and tools, reducing cycle time, and reducing costs. Technological preparation of production involves a set of works that make it possible to start manufacturing a new product in a given volume. Features of technological preparation of production when using CNC machines follow from the fact that a significant part of the work from the sphere of direct production is transferred to the area of its technological preparation. Technological preparation of production plays an important role in the successful functioning of a machine-building enterprise. Optimization of equipment selection allows you to increase productivity, reduce costs and improve product quality. The use of modern optimization methods and information technology allows you to make this process more efficient and accurate. The article provides a methodology for calculating the additive criterion for optimizing the selection of the best option for CNC machines.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ СБОРКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО КЛАСТЕРА

Information grounds for supporting decision-making on the optimal formation of automated systems for technological preparation of assembly production are in demand at the automotive cluster enterprises. The paper proposes to develop two databases in the process of forming the optimal set of control and verification equipment and the set of spare equipment and spare parts. This will allow accumulating information due to the feedback on the state of its subsystems in the process of operating automated systems for the technological preparation of assembly production. For this purpose, the paper proposes the database “A set of the system elements for providing mechanical assembly”, as well as the database “Statistical information for forming the stock of assembly equipment and spare parts in the system for ensuring mechanical assembly”. The work presents the information on the registration output, the structure and number of records of two developed databases, calculates the economic effect in the cost of technological preparation of production using the described databases.

ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРИПУСКА, УДАЛЯЕМОГО ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ РЕЗАНИЕМ, ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧИ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ РАЗРАБОТКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The paper considers the problem of lacking systems for automating the production preparation while developing the technological process of manufacturing parts by cutting. The solution to this problem will increase enterprises’ competitiveness and reduce errors arising from the human factor. The objectives of the article are to develop an approach to automating the technological process design by defining the technological process as a function of removing the allowance. The work analyses the allowance and determines the principle of its decomposition into elementary components for classification, identifies the allowance parameters for its formalization and determines the relationship of the allowance parameters with processing methods. The authors carry out the analysis of the existing processing methods and their relationship with the removable allowance, its geometric shape and parameters, propose an approach for the allowance formalization, the implementation of which will automate the technological preparation of production in terms of developing technological processes for mechanical processing. The work suggests an approach for formalizing the allowance, based on its classification and application as its basic element of “allowance removed by the cutting tool in one working stroke”, describes additional properties and characteristics of the allowance for its mathematical description and preservation of the relationship with the processing methods. Formalization of the allowance, its classification and assignment of the function for its removal will allow automating the technological process development, improving the quality of manufactured products by reducing the influence of the human factor and using optimal methods for processing parts.

ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ КАЛИБРОВКИ ИНСТРУМЕНТА ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СБОРОЧНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В АВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОЕНИИ

The statistical parameters of failing assembly equipment of various automotive industry enterprises operating under similar conditions do not differ from each other, this fact indicates the need to analyze and find common solutions to the problems posed. When planning the calibration frequency of new assembly equipment, failure statistics from existing production facilities can be used, in particular for calibrating the tightening torque in periodic inspection. The materials presented in the article assume formalizing technological preparation of production in terms of ensuring continuous assembly. The paper provides a formal description for calculating the calibration schedule of an assembly tool, the estimated time for the tightening torque to exceed the tolerance range, the time for periodic calibration of the tool and the dependencies for evaluating the frequency of checks. The presented results can be used to build computer-aided process planning for assembly plants in the automotive industry; software and hardware solutions are developed on their basis.

УНІФІКАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ОСНАЩЕННЯ ПРИ ВИГОТОВЛЕННІ ПРОФІЛЬНИХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ІЗ КОМПОЗИТІВ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИРОБІВ АВІАЦІЙНО-КОСМІЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

Structures made of composite materials are widely used in modern transport equipment. These materials, along with a number of positive properties, are also characterized by significant harmful technological heredity. It manifests itself in the form of sufficiently large grooves, twisting of manufactured parts. First of all, this applies to thin-walled profile parts.Such parts and products are subject to strict requirements in terms of mass, strength and rigidity, as well as minimum deadlines and costs for technological preparation of production. It is possible to meet these requirements using the principles of unification.The paper considers the possibility of implementing the principles of unification on two typical examples: the production of profile products from composites, which consist of unified elements of different cross-sections, as well as the possibility of group (simultaneous) production of profile products of different cross-sections and lengths.Modern pultrusion machines are widely used for the production of such unidirectional (with reinforcement at an angle of zero degrees - i.e. along the article)) articles, such as caps of spars, ribs, stringers, stiffeners and others. The technological possibilities of various models of pultrusion machines for the production of long-dimensional composite products are analyzed. The comparison was made according to the previously calculated specific characteristics of these machines.When using the proposed options for unification, the time spent on the technological process may increase (for profiles, a complex cross-section is enough), but the time spent and the consumption of resources for production preparation are significantly reduced (up to 1.5...3.0 times).In general, the proposed measures make it possible to reduce the level of residual stresses, the level of energy consumption, increase the degree of manufacturability of production and shorten the terms of technological preparation of production.

Иерархическая модель оптимизации технологических параметров комплекса рабочих переходов для процесса механической обработки

Optimization of the parameters of the product manufacturing process is one of the key tasks of technological preparation of production. The technological process of mechanical processing has a complex hierarchical struc-ture. The effectiveness of optimizing the manufacturing process of a product directly depends on the level of its detail and the optimal choice of targets and control parameters. In this case, the technological process of mechanical processing, as an object of control, can be described in the form of a hierarchical model. Thus, the task of optimizing the technological process of mechanical processing is to determine the optimal values of control parameters for each structural element (intermediate state of the control object) of the hierarchical control model. The aim of the work is to develop a hierarchical model for optimizing the parameters of a complex of working transitions for machining operations. The structure of the hierarchical model of the product manufacturing process on metal-cutting machines is described. Within the framework of the developed model, five control levels are identified, control parameters for individual structural elements of the model are defined, as well as the relationship between them. For the intermediate states of the control object (structural elements), a description of single and vector optimization criteria is presented. The practical implementation of the developed control model is presented using the example of optimizing the technological parameters for the “Bushing” part. The application of the developed control model will increase the efficiency of the technological process of manufacturing products on metal-cutting machines by optimizing technological parameters based on a multi-criteria analysis at the stage of technological preparation of production.

Трансформация информационной структуры как инструмент повышения эффективности многономенклатурного производства

Characteristics of high-variety production enterprise are viewed, in particular: technological training, operational management and improvement of production efficiency. The issues of increasing the competitiveness of a high-variety production enterprise, determining the requirements for the processes of management and preparation of production with a focus on ensuring efficient loading of technological equipment, planning the operation of production sites while maintaining high flexibility, are highlighted. The key problems identified. The following ones can be noted: the lack of statistical information for calculations and planning in relation to the conditions of a particular production; insufficient level of interaction of services and production units; a static approach to managing a dynamic production system; lack of effective feedback channels that allow tracking the current production situation for appropriate analysis and giving necessary corrections. It is shown that the use of digital technologies and software has significant potential for solving problems in the considered production conditions. The existing means of digitalization make significant improvements possible in the level of interaction between departments and the interconnection of individual stages of preparation and operation of production, the availability of necessary information and quick delivery of it. The prospects for the development of the enterprise information environment for improving the efficiency of technological preparation of production and its operational management are identified. The necessity of having feedback channels that allow monitoring the current production situation for appropriate analysis and development of necessary corrections in the conditions of the stochastic nature of production processes and enterprise agility is determined. The practicability of integrating digital production systems based on adaptive management systems having technological intelligence into the information environment of an enterprise is reasoned out. Thus, the intellectualization of production requires the modernization of the principles of building information support for the production process.

APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES

Design activity is a creative process that almost entirely depends on the professional abilities of the engineer-designer, but his ability to realize his capabilities in the shortest possible time is largely determined by the use of the achieved successes in the design of parts of assemblies and whole products. Modern design activity at a machine-building enterprise can be conventionally reduced to two directions: the design of fundamentally new innovative equipment and the improvement of products that have already been mastered and are delivered to the market. In both the first and second cases, block-modular design can be used to shorten the entire production cycle, which involves the creation of products based on modules and blocks. Modern mechanical engineering is characterized by constant complication and frequent replacement of machine designs, therefore, when designing and further manufacturing a large number of machines, it is necessary, first of all, to divide their design into independent assembly units, that is, aggregates, so that they all perform certain functions in the machine. This approach will make it possible to organize the specialized production of nodes as independent products, the performance of the main functions of which can be checked independently of the entire machine as a whole at any stage. The development of optimal layout schemes makes it possible to create, depending on the type of production, conditions for the most economical use of aggregates and to determine the sequence of their operation in one or another layout. Modern machine-building companies implement a large number of different automated IT systems, which together create a virtual enterprise and cover all stages of the product life cycle (CALS - Computer Aided Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support - automation of continuous supplies and product life cycle). Accelerating the pace of innovation processes is a crucial condition for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise's financial and economic activities and the quality of products. Automation of design processes is especially effective when moving from the automation of individual engineering calculations to complex automation, creating automated design systems (CAD) for this purpose. CAD is a complex necessary for data processing in the conditions of design and technological preparation of production. The CAD complex includes systems as structural elements - specialized parts aimed at solving tasks at a specific stage of design: design, engineering calculations (CAD-K), technological preparation of production (CAD-T). CAD-K and CAD-T systems are parts of CAD, which are characterized by specific features that ensure the implementation of various design tasks and the receipt of appropriate design solutions and design documentation. The entire complex of aspects that make up the CAD complex must be formed individually for each specific machine-building enterprise with taking into account the main parameters. The application of such approaches as a whole helps to increase the efficiency of the design of innovative technology.

ВАРІАНТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ УНІФІКАЦІЇ ПРИ ВИБОРІ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ РІШЕНЬ З’ЄДНАНЬ “МЕТАЛ+КОМПОЗИТ”

Possibility of unification property realization in application to variants of structural-technological solutions of “metal+composite” joints.It is drawn that this property is important for up-today vehicle engineering structures at different goals of its manufacturing. It is shown that there are three possible options can be revealed in metal-composite heterogenous joints realization: with monolithic, cylindrical and sheet transversal fastening connections.Possibility of application sheet transversal fastening elements produced on metal strips is considered exactly. Also, possibility of implementation strips of different materials and thickness is analyzed.The property of unification is most fully manifested at the stages of design, technological preparation of production and production itself. Variants of technological processes for manufacturing sheet fasteners on metal strips using stamping methods or laser cutting are proposed. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these technical processes showed that the most rational method is stamping with bending.Options for route technical processes for forming transversal connections on metal tips using sheet reinforcing elements are proposed.Options for equipment are proposed, with the help of which serial production of teeth on metal strips is possible. It should be noted among these equipment options metal stamps for stamping teeth and using an electro-hydraulic device for bending them.Examples of implementation of design and technological solutions with sheet micro-elements in the manufacture of high-pressure vessels and in the strengthening of bolted joints are given.

Минимизация трудоемкости выполнения комплекса вспомогательных действий для операций механической обработки

Abstract. The technological process of manufacturing mechanical engineering products using metal-cutting machines is a structurally complex process. This process can be described by the combination of two types of actions: the working stroke, which results in a change in the structure and properties of the workpiece, and an auxiliary transition, the task of which is to prepare the technological system for the execution of the working process. The execution 
 of auxiliary transitions does not entail a change in the structure and properties of the product, but leads to an increase in the complexity of its manufacture, therefore, increasing the efficiency of technological processes of mechanical processing largely depends on optimizing the complexity of performing a complex of auxiliary transitions. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for optimizing the parameters of a complex of auxiliary transitions for machining operations. The structure of the control object “Technological system” is described, within which two subcategories of control objects are defined: the control object “Technological equipment” and the control object “Wearable equipment”. Hypergraphs of changes in their intermediate states are presented for these subcategories of control objects. According to the presented models, the subcategory of the control object “Technological equipment” has 4 levels of control, the subcategory of the control object “Wearable tooling” has 3 levels of control. Lists of single and vector optimization criteria have been formed for the intermediate states of control objects. A description of a set of actions for the transition of control objects from the (i – 1) state to thei-estate is presented. A list of control parameters has been defined for each subcategory of the control object. The use of the presented model contributes to increasing the efficiency of the technological process by optimizing the values of the parameters of the complex of auxiliary actions at the stage of technological preparation of production.

Importance of engineering technologists in the development of the country’s industrial potential

The role of mechanical engineering technologists in the design and technological preparation of production and the manufacture of mechanical engineering products is considered. The insufficient use of the technological potential of the industry by enterprises is shown. Examples of new technological developments are given. Keywords:mechanical engineering, technology, industry, serial production, productivity, cost, technological equipment, economics naukatm@yandex.ru, dipetreshin@yandex.ru

Calculation of technological cycles of manufacturing model blocks for the lost-wax casting method, taking into account the stability coefficient of the duration processes

The paper considers the technological cycles of obtaining wax models in automatic molds, in manual molds and by the additive method. The cyclograms of the work of the site for obtaining model blocks consisting of wax models are shown. The dependences of the duration of time cycles for the considered methods of obtaining wax models are presented. It is revealed that the production of wax models in automatic molds is the most productive method, however, this method has the longest cycle of technological preparation of production. The production of wax models in manual molds has a cycle duration comparable to the previous method of technological preparation of production, however, the cycle duration of obtaining wax models for this method is longer. The additive method makes it possible to produce products with a minimum duration of the pre-production cycle. The main operations of manufacturing wax models by the methods under consideration are revealed. The influence of the stability coefficient of operations on the work organization of the site for production wax models is analyzed.

РАЗРАБОТКА АРМ ТЕХНОЛОГА ШВЕЙНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В ПРОГРАММНОЙ СРЕДЕ СУБД ACCESS

The current level of development of information technology makes it possible to automate the work of specialists at many stages of sewing production. Currently, individual stages of automated design of garments are being developed and implemented, both using specialized systems and using available software. Developers and clothing manufacturers increasingly began to use the Access database management system at various stages and links of the production processes of a clothing enterprise. The activity of a technologist is related to the process of technological preparation of production and involves the development and use of a large volume of technological documentation, and therefore providing the technologist with an automated workstation is a necessary condition for the rationalization of his production activities. An automated workstation for a sewing production technologist has been developed for an existing enterprise with a detailed description of the used MS Access functionality, and the design stages are presented in detail in accordance with the requirements of the sewing enterprise. A method has been developed for generating and storing data on the assortment of sewing products, technological processing of product components, technological conditions for performing sewing operations, materials and accessories, equipment and devices. Integrated calculations help to calculate key parameters of technological preparation of production. The interface provides quick access to the necessary information, as well as the ability to select data using convenient controls and filtering. The practical significance of the developed workstation of the technologist lies in the fact that it can be presented as an information and logical model of the workstation of the technologist and partially or fully adapted for the production of clothing of a different range.

Information Foundations for Improvement of the System Multilevel Basic Group Technology Mechanical Treatment

The information bases and principles for the development of a multilevel basic technology (MBT) system based on the method of analysis and synthesis of design and technological information in the working design documentation of the product are presented. The article deals with the scientific foundations and the Philosophical methodology of the multi-level basic technology system, using the descending and ascending design of technological processes by the "analysis-synthesis" method of design and technological information. The given graphical-text block diagrams allow to consider: - levels of technology and the degree of specification of information; - functions and structure of the MBT system; - a sequence of solving the problems of designing basic and working group technological processes. The application of the synthesis method for solving the problem of searching through technically possible variants of integrable transitions, positions and settings on professional personal computers with the correct filling of the matrix tables by a technologist of medium qualification makes it possible to obtain the optimal for the existing production of the technological processes machining of high-precision turning parts of simple and complex shape. Advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the traditional ones are a significant increase in the quality of the developed technology and a sharp reduction in the terms of technological preparation of production.

Integration of Technological Preparation of Production into Automated Design Systems

The concept of the development of an integrated system for the design of technological processes for the manufacture of mechanical engineering products is considered. The research relates to the field of automation of technological preparation of production in the development of the technological process of manufacturing a product (part, assembly unit). An algorithm for automated analysis of a three-dimensional product model (CAD model) made by the KIT system (KIT-computer information technology) is proposed to identify and formalize significant product parameters. As a discrete element of the part, a structural element is considered as the basis for choosing the manufacturing technology of the product as a whole. The general functional structure of the system being developed is described, which is necessary for the formation of the product manufacturing route taking into account the production process data structured in the product database. The practical result of the system when introduced into production is a reduction in the cycle of technological preparation for the release of a new product. The system allows you to design route-operational TP for all technological conversions of the enterprise. It is possible to design technologies for a group of parts. There are no restrictions on the size of the TP. The volume of the Database of Technological Design (BDTP) to date is more than 7000 technological processes, including existing production and discontinued products. The number of jobs on the enterprise network for the system is more than 150, the degree of coverage of the technological design system in the main production is 100 %.

The use of swarm algorithms in technological preparation of production

The use of swarm algorithms in technological preparation of production

СВЯЗЬ КОРРОЗИОННОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ С АДГЕЗИОННОЙ ПРОЧНОСТЬЮ ВИБРАЦИОННЫХ МЕХАНОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ

The paper shows the relationship of corrosion resistance with the strength of mechanochemical zinc coatings formed in vibration technological systems. It is considered that coating process is a combination of mechanical and physico-chemical phenomena occurring simultaneously in the surface layer of the metal under the shock and pulse action of the activating medium indentors on it under conditions of low-frequency oscillations; at the same time, a coating is formed in the zone of local coating-substrate contact interaction, and its main parameter is adhesion. It is found out that the same adhesive strength of the coating can be provided as a result of varying the energy contribution to the process of coating formation by the chemical interaction of the coating medium with metal and the mechanical action of the indentors on the surface to be coated. The correlation dependence of the corrosion resistance estimated by the permeability indicator on the adhesive strength of the coating is proposed, which allows at the stage of technological preparation of production to design technological regulations with sufficient accuracy for practice by regulating the mechanical and chemical parameters of the process, while providing the adhesive strength required by the operating conditions and the most environmentally preferable conditions for the coating. It is noted: the technological efficiency of the coating process with the control of mechanical parameters is 2-3% higher compared to the control of the process by chemical parameters; for structural steel samples, under the selected coating conditions, corrosion resistance increases from 9.8 to 46.6 times in relation to uncoated samples. This indicates a high level of protective anticorrosive properties of vibrational mechanochemical zinc coatings.

КОНСТРУКТОРСКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ШТАМПОВОЙ ОСНАСТКИ

The issues are considered in order to ensure the die tooling quality to manufacture small-sized parts made of sheet material for radio equipment and microelectronics. Typical damage to the main parts of dies, as well as their causes are analyzed. The development of machine-tool construction determines the trends of changes in the technology of manufacturing die parts. At the same time, the role of electro-physical and electrochemical machining methods increases. They are used, often replacing traditional methods of machining with blade and diamond-abrasive tools. At the same time, individual components of the macro- and micro-geometry of parts and the quality of the surface layer are not always taken into account. The paper discusses some errors that are not always considered during the technological preparation of production, the manufacture of parts and their control.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ АДГЕЗИОННОЙ ПРОЧНОСТИ ВИБРАЦИОННЫХ МЕХАНОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА КОРРОЗИОННУЮ СТОЙКОСТЬ ДЕТАЛЕЙ

The results of experimental studies of the adhesive strength of vibrational mechanochemical coatings and their effect on the corrosion resistance of parts are presented. The relationship between the corrosion resistance of the estimated permeability index and the adhesive strength of the coating is established and an empirical dependence is proposed that allows evaluating the operational characteristics of the product at the stage of technological preparation of production.

Possibility Assessment of Automatic Formation of Technological Processes in Small Batch Production

The work is devoted to urgent problem solution of lack of convenient tools with functional capabilities of the system of route technological process automated design, adapted to small-scale production. The estimation of potential possibility of automatic small-scale production formation by means of estimation of efficiency and expediency technological processes of automation of key stages of design of production technological preparation, such as equipment selection, selection of cutting modes, workpiece, cutting and measuring tools and tooling selection is given. The key stages of technological process development are considered and characterized, such as selection of technological bases, type of workpiece and equipment, formation of route technological process, calculation of cutting modes, selection of allowances and so on. The paper shows both the relevance and necessity of analyzing approaches to automation and their correct adaptation to production needs to achieve maximum efficiency and resource savings for small batch production, and the high relevance for small-batch production of the automatic formation of route technological processes. At the same time, the paper shows the lack of automated systems adapted to the specifics of small-batch production. The existing approaches to the formation of stages are analyzed, as well as the possible methods of automation of stages and the existing limitations of these methods are considered, the efficiency of the considered approaches is evaluated. The methods of automation of separate stages of technological preparation of production are analyzed and the efficiency of the considered approaches is evaluated. The original concept of solving the problem of automation for small-scale production by using a combination of a limited number of standard solutions, represented as a set of technological parameters or knowledge base, with individual solutions, adapted to the specifics of enterprises and industry, is proposed and the potential effectiveness of this approach is shown.