Development Of Technology Research Articles

Digital economy, technology, and urban carbon emissions nexus: an investigation using the threshold effects and mediation effects tests

IntroductionThis study aims to explore the mechanisms by which the digital economy influences urban carbon emissions in China, with a particular focus on potential threshold effects and the mediating role of technology. As the digital economy grows, it impacts various environmental metrics, including carbon emissions, necessitating a deeper understanding of its nonlinear dynamics and implications for sustainable urban development.MethodsUsing panel data from 286 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2012 to 2021, we apply threshold effect models and mediation effect tests. The threshold effect model is employed to investigate non-linear characteristics of the digital economy’s impact on carbon emissions, while the mediation effect model assesses the role of technology as an intermediary in this relationship.ResultsThe threshold effect model reveals a single threshold in the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Initially, the influence of the digital economy on emissions is weak, but as the digital economy develops, its effect becomes more pronounced. The mediation effect model demonstrates that technological advancement can offset the increase in emissions associated with digital economic growth, thus showcasing technology’s potential to mitigate environmental impacts.DiscussionThe findings suggest that while the digital economy generally promotes urban carbon emissions, its impact is non-linear and mitigatable through technological innovation. To curb emissions in urban areas, fostering technological innovation and supporting green technology research and development are critical. Moreover, enhancing management and supervision within the digital economy sector can contribute to balancing economic growth with environmental goals. These insights are valuable for policymakers striving to harmonize digital economic expansion with sustainable environmental practices.

An intelligent agriculture monitoring framework for leaf disease detection using YOLOv7

Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors on which societies have relied since ancient times. With the recent development of technology, agriculture has also been incorporating modern techniques such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence to improve productivity and monitor the farming process. One of agriculture’s most prominent issues is the spread of plant diseases and the lack of real-time monitoring. Various systems and operations have recently been developed to predict and diagnose plant diseases. However, current operations have been selective, focusing on a specific aspect without addressing other important aspects, resulting in either partial or compound application of results, rendering the desired outcomes ineffective. To deal with such challenges, we propose an intelligent framework for real-time agriculture monitoring and disease detection, namely a system for monitoring plant diseases using YOLOv7. In the proposed framework, a rule-based policy has been designed for detecting plant diseases using online plant leaf monitoring, sensors, and surveillance cameras. Images of plant leaves captured by different cameras are sent in real-time to central cloud servers for disease detection. The improved YOLOv7 technology is utilized for plant disease detection, and the proposed system has been evaluated using a dataset of diseased tomato leaves, comparing it with different models based on various performance metrics to demonstrate its effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 96%.

Diclofenac sodium removal by powdered activated carbon of coconut endocarp: process optimization, kinetics, and isotherms

ABSTRACT Emerging contaminants (ECs) have been detected in various environmental compartments, especially in aquatic bodies. Among EC, diclofenac sodium (DS) is one of the most ecotoxic and causes hemodynamic changes, thyroid tumors, and adverse effects under chronic exposure. Therefore, some countries have adopted restrictive legislation, encouraging the development of technology to mitigate this situation. Among the available water treatment processes, adsorption is an effective alternative in technical and economic aspects. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate, on a bench scale, the efficiency of DS removal in powdered activated carbon (PAC) of coconut endocarp. The adsorption of DS was analyzed through central composite design (CCD), using four factors: diclofenac sodium concentration (CDS from 50 to 450 mg · L−1), adsorbent concentration (CPAC from 0.2 to 5 g · L−1), contact time (Ct from 5 to 45 min), and pH (from 5 to 9). The results supported response modeling for adsorption capacity, pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics, intraparticle diffusion (IPD), and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. DS demonstrated an affinity for adsorption on PAC. The maximum adsorption capacity was 169.39 mg · g−1 for PAC (CDS of 331.64 mg · L−1, CPAC of 0.2 g · L−1, Ct of 40.6 min, and pH 5) obtained through duplicate confirmation batches.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Today’s Student Life

AI has profoundly impacted the lives of students by transforming various aspects of their education and daily activities. AI can be a very useful learning tool in a variety of contexts. Students can access learning materials tailored to their needs and learning styles, resulting in more effective learning. AI also speeds up evaluation and scoring. However, there are also issues to contend with, such as the dangers of relying on technology, problems with data privacy, and the possibility of a decline in social interaction. This article discusses the impact of AI on college students and its implications for the future of higher education. The rapid development of technology has made the emergence of the millennial era where technology has become the need of every individual, especially youth and women in the millennial era who are faced with technological advancements, so it is required to always sort out every information obtained, in order to prevent the occurrence of bad impacts because access between the worlds is easy to obtain so that it can be a weapon for irresponsible people to attack an area from the next generation. The purpose of this study is to find out the various impacts of technological developments.

Heat Exchanger Improvement of a Counter-Flow Dew Point Evaporative Cooler Through COMSOL Simulations

Due to modern comfort demands and global warming, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used in many homes and buildings. However, HVAC based on the Vapor Compression System (VCS) is a major energy consumer, accounting for 20–50% of a building’s energy consumption and responsible for 29% of the world’s CO2 emissions. Dew-point evaporative coolers offer a sustainable alternative yet face challenges, e.g., dew point and wet bulb effectiveness. Given the above, dew point evaporative cooling systems may find a place to dethrone conventional air conditioning systems. This research aims to design a dew point evaporative cooler system with better performance in terms of dew point and wet bulb effectiveness. In terms of methodology, a heat exchanger as part of a counter-flow dew point cooling system was designed and analyzed using COMSOL simulations under different representative climatic, geometric, and dimensional conditions, taking into account turbulent flow. Next, our model was compared with other cooling systems. The results show that our model performs similarly to other cooling systems, with an error of around 6.89% in the output temperature at low relative humidity (0–21%). In comparison, our system is more sensitive to humidity in the climate, whereas heat pumps can operate in high humidity. The average dew point and wet bulb effectiveness were also higher than reported in the literature, at 91.38% and 147.84%, respectively. In addition, there are some potential limitations of the simulations in terms of the assumptions made about atmospheric conditions. For this reason, the results cannot be generalized but must be considered as a starting point for future research and technology development projects.

A comprehensive review on agricultural greenhouse gas emission reductions in China: opportunities and challenges

China is the world’s largest carbon emitter. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, one of the main sources, is a channel for achieving China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets on schedule. To clarify the status and prospects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in Chinese agriculture, this paper focuses on macro-level factors such as policies, economy, society, and technology, meso-level factors such as agricultural digital transformation and carbon trading market construction, and micro-level factors such as individual farmers and household influences on agricultural emissions reduction. Therefore, this article examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in China’s agricultural greenhouse emission reductions by SWOT. It is concluded that optimized industrial structure and technological progress are strengths, while weak low-carbon awareness among farmers and the limitations of traditional small-scale production methods are weaknesses. Aligning with national development direction, absorbing foreign experiences, and integrating with digitization are opportunities. The imbalance between the economy and emission reduction and the significant regional differences are the threats. Overall, China’s efforts are on the right track, but urgent action is needed to improve the quality of farmers and transform the agricultural economy, which requires fundamental changes. Based on this, suggestions are proposed for farmers, businesses, and government from four aspects: promoting and expanding pilot demonstration areas for agricultural carbon sequestration trading, building regionally superior agricultural products and specialty industries, synergistic cooperation for technology development and promotion, improving farmer educational level in the form of agricultural cooperatives, so as to help balance economic and environmental benefits in reducing agricultural GHG emissions.

THE INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATION IN THE RA BANKING SYSTEM

The analysis shows that the innovative transformation in the banking system of Armenia is a multi-level process that has a significant impact on the entire financial sector of the country. One of the key aspects of this transformation is the deep integration of modern technology into banking. This not only facilitates the interaction of customers and banks, but also increases the level of transparency and efficiency of financial transactions. The innovation of the RA banking system contributes to the expansion of access to financial services, enabling more people to use financial services, especially where they were previously limited. It was concluded that innovations and technological developments enable the banking system to provide faster, safer and more convenient services, reduce human errors and improve the efficiency of processes. New technologies improve the level of security. All of this is leading to greater competition in the banking industry, new ways of working and strategies, and overall improvements in customer service and financial operations (Egorova, A., A., (2015). But they also present new challenges, such as data protection and security issues, as well as the need to use new technologies.

Creating and using Exclusive Technologies to Gain a Competitive Edge in the Southern Region of Nigeria

This article examined the crucial significance of proprietary technologies in promoting competitive advantage among enterprises in South-South Nigeria, an area of economic importance renowned for its abundant natural resources and growing industries. The study underscores the significance of technical advancement in crucial industries such as oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing while drawing attention to the distinct obstacles and prospects in the area. Despite making progress, the southern region of Nigeria, known as the South-South, still encounters major obstacles such as insufficient financing for research and development, restricted availability of state-of-the-art technology, a scarcity of highly qualified personnel, and ineffective frameworks for protecting intellectual property rights. The research examined the present condition of proprietary technology development, identify key barriers, and evaluate the effect on competitive advantage. Research indicates that increasing investment in research and development, boosting technical infrastructure, aligning educational curricula with industrial requirements, and strengthening the intellectual property rights framework are crucial measures for fostering technological innovation and creating economic diversity in the area. Keywords: Advancements in technology, Exclusive Technologies, Strategic advantage over competitors, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights.

Modeling Of Mask Detection Systems, Distance Between Objects And Facial Recognition Using The Tiny-YOLOV4 Method, Convolutional Neural Network, And Viola Jones

The development of technology is currently increasing very rapidly, the latest technology such as Face Detection and Face Recognition in public facilities has been widely applied, such as cameras for attendance, facial detection devices as mobile phone security and various other new innovations in the field of technology. The purpose of creating this model is to determine the distance, and the use of masks in public places and to determine the performance when the two algorithms between Tiny-YOLOV4 and Viola Jones are combined. This method uses CPU testing with a clock speed of 2.9 GHz and GPU with a clock speed of 1590 MHz with an accuracy level of 92.6% for mask object detection and 90.67% for face recognition with a maximum distance in front of the camera for human detection is 830 centimeters, mask detection 730 centimeters, and face recognition 530 centimeters. The results of the study produced an accuracy of 92.6% for mask detection and an accuracy of 90.67% for face recognition at maximum distances of 730 cm and 530 cm respectively. The conclusion shows that this system is effective for detecting masks, faces, and distance, providing a significant tool for monitoring compliance in public spaces. Implementing this system can serve as a preventive measure for potential future pandemics

Adapted physical education: how the character development of students with physical disabilities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia?

The purpose of this study is to describe the learning system of Adapted Physical Education for students with physical disabilities to develop the character of students with physical disabilities. The methodology used used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and literature study. The type of data collected comes from secondary data in the form of the results of previous experiences and elaborated sentences which are answers from research subjects conducted by means of interviews. The subjects in this study were 30 Adapted PE teachers in Yogyakarta. The research instruments used interview guides and documentation. The interview instrument had previously been validated for each item through expert judgement by two experts (Gregory) with a validity score of 0.86. Adapted PE teachers use various approaches and strategies in learning for students with physical disabilities in an inclusive manner to strengthen physical and character development. The independent curriculum in Indonesia is closely aligned with inclusive education in character development by publishing the Concept and Guidelines for Strengthening Character Education. Although the use of technology has not yet been implemented, teachers agree on the development of technology in learning that is easily accessible, supports active participation of students, and can be adapted according to the individual needs of students.

New aspects of the development of Kantorovich’s one-product dynamic model of replacement of production funds

In the context of the development of scientific and technological progress and the growth of the capital stock, an important task is modeling and optimization of the terms of operation of production funds. The development of technologies and automation of production lead to a reduction in the workforce employed in production. In the article, for the previously developed single-product dynamic model of the replacement of production assets, taking into account the inertial properties of the funds being introduced, the case of a reduction in labor resources under the condition of an increase in output and capital investment is investigated. A solution was obtained that allows to determine the optimal strategy for the withdrawal of obsolete funds and the introduction of the new ones in case of decrease in labor resources. As the optimization criterion the principle of differential optimization is used. The theorem of equivalence of a trajectory satisfying the principle of differential optimization, the obtained solution is given. A system of functional differential equations is presented, which should be satisfied by variable models both in terms of growth and reduction of labor resources. Numerical methods are used to solve such a system. The variants of the system development are considered under various assumptions regarding changes in the total amount of labor resources. The results of numerical implementation of the model are presented.

Narratives of Language Teachers in Teaching English in the Post-Pandemic Era: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to education worldwide, forcing a rapid transition to online learning and fundamentally altering traditional teaching methods. As schools and institutions gradually return to in-person or hybrid models, understanding the narratives of English language teachers is crucial for developing effective pedagogical strategies and policies. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of language teachers in teaching English during the post-pandemic era through an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results showed that instructional approaches and developments in technology interact in a complex way. Teachers noted a dramatic change in their pedagogy, stressing the need for adaptability, innovation, and the use of digital resources in language learning. Furthermore, this study discussed the significant changes brought by the crisis to English teachers’ feedback strategies. This research contributes to the understanding of post-pandemic educational landscapes and offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and institutions aiming to support language teachers in adapting a new teaching paradigm.

Kesar Saga: A Critical Perspective of Ladakh

Ladakh is bounded by rich folklores, folktales, and folk ballads. Out of all the stories, the Kesar saga is the most popular and loved by one and all. All the people of the Ladakh region have grown up listening to the Kesar saga. The epic Kesar has influenced both the Buddhist and the Muslim communities of the region of Ladakh. Though it is the dominating folktale of the region, yet not much research has been done on the subject till date and hence, it needs to be studied properly. In this connection, I am attempting to reimage this heroic tale from the Ladakhi perspective and also to preserve it in the changing times especially when folk narratives are snatched by modern technologies. The attempt is also to make the lesser-known Himalayan regional literature known to a larger audience. Generally, the tradition of storytelling is an important part of Ladakhi culture and tradition, but today due to modern technology like mobile gadgets, television, etc. people are seen drifting away from their traditions keeping themselves busy in their own world of modernism. As a result, today this important practice of oral storytelling is fast vanishing. Therefore, bringing the stories in writing is becoming more urgent than before. So, in the future with technological development; the stories may stay as a source of entertainment and knowledge to the book readers.

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of international technology transfer. It has been established that today the latest technologies and innovations affect all spheres of the national economy. Participation in the international transfer of technologies becomes a necessary and imperative condition for the existence of any production, not only at the state level, but also at the global level. That is why state support for innovative activities, namely the promotion of research and development, affects the socio-economic development of modern society. The functioning and development of the world economic system takes place under the influence of the processes of integration and globalization, which leads to the acceleration of the movement of capital, financial and labor resources, goods and the growth of the intensity of information exchange. Due to the accumulation of scientific and technical potential in a number of economically developed countries, it is knowledge, intelligence and innovation that become the main driving force behind the success of individual companies in these countries in the global economy. Today, modern companies enter into a competitive struggle not so much for the level of development of the production structure and its volumes, as for the level of available innovations on the global technology market. Today, domestic science is on the brink of disaster, this state is explained by the economic crisis that occurred against the background of the military aggression of our northeastern "neighbor". In Ukraine until 2022, there were negative processes associated with the development of scientific and technological developments, as evidenced by numerous studies of the dynamics of the share of R&D expenditures in GDP, it is obvious that in today's conditions this is an unacceptable trend and the state should make maximum efforts for practical and rapid accumulation of such a sector of the national economy as science. It has been proven that Ukraine should focus on the specifics of the development of international legal regulation and guarantees in the field of technology transfer, from the point of view of international obligations. Since even those norms of international regulations implemented in domestic legislation do not provide full guarantees for the formation and development of a transparent and fair international technology transfer.

Muddy Waters: Design Thinking for Understanding the Multi-Organizational Problem Space of the Water Sector

Context and motivation: Climate change is manifested by climate variability, rising temperatures (and thus evaporation), and extreme events such as droughts and floods, which have a profound effect on the availability of natural resources, for example, high-quality water. While several technologies for addressing these challenges are available, their adoption is not widespread. In this study, a design thinking (DT) approach was applied to understand the problem space of floods and their handling by the Israeli water sector. Specifically, we aim at addressing the following question: What are the gaps in and barriers to adopting solutions that address sewerage flooding during extreme heavy rainfall events? The DT approach exposed major problems in the conduct of the water sector, including a lack of communication among organizations, the ill-defined distribution of responsibility, unclear and conflicting guidance, and insufficient funds and technological solutions, all hindering the possibility of adopting an integrative solution. This study demonstrates the role that DT plays in understanding a complex, multi-organizational problem space, in our case, the climate change readiness of the water sector, before delving into technological development. Any solution development should involve participants from the various organizations involved in the challenge. It is vital to address not only each organization’s requirements but also its technology adoption barriers and to initiate a comprehensive discussion, ultimately resulting in a shared understanding of all the facets of the challenge that can impact solution development and deployment.

Metaverse Metamorphosis: Fintech's Evolution Catalyzing New Era of Consumer Behavior

ABSTRACTAll facets of society may enter the virtual world more quickly due to the rapid development of digital technology, which would blur the boundary between the real and the digital realms and encourage the creation of a Metaverse. In the upcoming decades, metaverse technology—which allows immersive experiences in virtual and real environments—will be the next revolutionary force in society. The Fintech industry has been one of the first to adopt it, and it is one of those that uses technology to resolve problems. The study begins by conceptualizing the Metaverse as being defined explicitly by the convergence of its essential components and its influence on the fintech sector. It further discusses how Metaverse could create value in consumer behaviour in three vicinities: social perception, user identity and advertising & consumer psychology. Finally, the study presents the various implications and future scope of this research by doing the thematic analysis to enhance our understanding of the Metaverse economy and how it influences consumer behaviour. This study provides an overview of the shift occurring in the marketplace and contemplates the various changes that it may bring, all through the perspective of consumer behaviour which can be used to create predictive models that recognize emerging trends in customer behaviour, market activities, and other aspects of the business.

An online review on customer satisfaction of mid-to-high-end health and wellness hotels in China

The rapid development of information technology has enabled the collection of online review data, which provides a more precise representation of hotel guest satisfaction. It is crucial to investigate the factors that impact hotel guest satisfaction as identified through online review content. This study will examine relevant scholarly literature on online reviews and concentrate on 50 mid-to-high-end health and wellness hotels in China. Python is utilized to crawl the online review database, and a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the semantic keywords and categories present in customer online review statements. Service, traffic, catering, and other variables are identified as determinants of customer satisfaction in mid-to-high-end health and wellness hotels through factor analysis. This article will propose specific measures and recommendations to improve customer satisfaction in health and wellness hotels, attract more customers, and contribute to the sustainable development of the industry.

THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE

This article analyzes the prospects for using artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. It highlights that AI has already become an integral part of modern life and is actively utilized in various countries, particularly in diagnosis, treatment, and disease prognosis. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, accelerates treatment processes, and optimizes medical resources significantly. Internationally, AI-based solutions are already widely implemented in countries like the USA, Japan, and China to improve healthcare services. These technologies allow doctors to process large amounts of data efficiently and perform complex procedures with reduced time and effort. However, in Ukraine, the development of AI technologies remains in its early stages, despite the approval of the “Concept for the Development of Artificial Intelligence” in 2020. The main challenges include the need to improve the legal framework, ensure data protection, and address ethical concerns. The use of AI can significantly enhance the quality of medical services while saving time and resources in healthcare institutions. In medical practice, AI is applied in several areas. For instance, AI accelerates diagnosis and improves accuracy, such as in the continuous monitoring of bone tissue in periodontal diseases; AI can analyze medical images with high speed and precision, identifying anomalies and leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses at early stages; AI algorithms can predict the deterioration of a patient’s condition by analyzing their medical data.

Generation of the flat-top beam using convolutional neural networks and Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm

Abstract Laser technology has made rapid progress in recent years and has been widely used in various fields such as medicine, biology, military, and materials science. However, the limitations of traditional Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beams in applications have prompted the emergence and development of flat-top beam shaping technology, which has received widespread attention. Here, we introduce a new method for generating flat-top beams that combines the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm with convolutional neural networks, using spatial light modulators to achieve flat-top beam shaping. A comparative analysis was conducted by comparing the root mean square error and diffraction efficiency of the generated flat-top beam with the results obtained using only the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Compared with the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, the method proposed in this paper can generate a flat-top beam with smaller differences from the target light intensity and higher energy utilization, providing new possibilities for the application of laser technology.

Qualitative curriculum mapping of technological skills

Most programs in higher education promise to develop some sort of technology or information literacy in their students (Oliver & Jorre de St Jorre, 2018). This may include the ability to use specialised tools in their field or to think critically about the use and development of modern technologies. However, it is not always clear how these skills are actually developed within study units or subjects (Bone & Ross, 2021; Oliver & Jorre de St Jorre, 2018), which are often offered as separate modules within a program. On the other hand, curriculum mapping has become a popular method for tracking skill development throughout educational programs. However, mapping can sometimes result in box-ticking exercises (Bone & Ross, 2021; Spencer et al., 2012), focusing on whether skills are present or absent in different subjects, based on the description of learning outcomes and the topics covered across individual subjects. Approaching curriculum mapping as a qualitative inquiry (Spencer et al., 2012) can help bridge the gap between formal descriptions of learning outcomes at the program and subject level, and the actual learning activities that students engage in. By following a progressive model of curriculum design (Knight, 2001), a qualitative perspective on curriculum mapping aims to identify skills development beyond their mere presence or absence. Instead, it seeks to explore how students are introduced to these skills, the range of opportunities they have to practice them at different levels of complexity, and how different activities connect to one another. Additionally, by combining multiple sources of information such as document and artifact analysis, interviews, and more, the mapping process can help uncovering barriers and enablers for curriculum reform that may not be apparent through simple box-ticking exercises. This poster will present an excerpt of a qualitative curriculum mapping project, focusing on how specialised data analysis tools are taught in two biology majors. It will highlight the challenges of fully integrating these tools across subjects to provide students with progressive opportunities for practice. Based on this specific case, this poster will provide examples of the type of information that can be collected and the kind of questions that can be addressed through a qualitative curriculum mapping process, depending on the particular needs of each program and the technological skills to be incorporated.