Demand For Technologies Research Articles

A reflection on embodied conversational agents as support for the psychological therapeutic monitoring of elderly people

Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health disorders in the elderly, with mental health conditions often being underrecognized and undertreated. Given this and the aging population, the need to adapt to the growing demands of technology is essential. However, this age group still faces significant difficulty in adapting to technological advances. This essay explores the potential of Embodied Conversational Agents in supporting psychological therapeutic monitoring for the elderly, with possible benefits in reducing social isolation, loneliness, and mental health issues among the elderly, promoting interaction and therapeutic activities. However, further studies related to the topic are still needed, given the evidence available in the literature up to the present moment.

Enhanced OCV Estimation in LiFePO4 Batteries: A Novel Statistical Approach Leveraging Real-Time Knee/Elbow Detection

The rapid advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage systems has significantly increased the demand for reliable and efficient battery technologies. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are particularly suitable for these applications due to their superior thermal stability and long cycle life. A critical parameter in optimizing the performance of LFP batteries is the open-circuit voltage (OCV), essential for accurate state of charge (SoC) estimation. The accurate determination of the OCV is challenging due to relaxation effects post-charging/discharging, causing voltage changes for up to 24 h or even more until stabilization. This paper presents a novel statistical model for OCV estimation that employs an online observer to detect the knee/elbow point in the voltage relaxation curve. By utilizing the voltage at the knee/elbow point and the initial voltage, the model accurately computes the OCV at the stabilization point. The proposed method, validated with extensive experimental data, achieves high accuracy, with a computed error of less than 0.26% for charging and under 1.2% for discharging.

Arranjo Institucional Histórico: a Cooperação Aeronáutica Brasil/Suécia na Década de 2010

The Defense scenario has always provided models of international cooperation, in which political-diplomatic practices are associated with varied technological demands. The FX-2 program, to achieve a fighter aircraft fleet for the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), led to studies and completion by the Swedish Gripen NG. In this field, the work presented explores the Brazil-Sweden associative model, from the perspective of social, political and economic components, mainly. The introduction to the article reveals the purpose, while a brief contextualization follows, and then theoretical references used. The methodology explains the descriptive and bibliographic nature of the production, culminating in the findings and their discussion. In this context, the social, cultural, political and economic scenarios of Swedish society are verified, in a historical review, promoting bilateral understanding and continuity within the scope of cooperation in aeronautics. Finally, a conclusion to the article takes place.

The Role of the Grab Application in Increasing Sales of Culinary SME Products from Shari'ah Marketing Perspective in Wonosobo Subdistrict

The development of technology and information plays an important role in economic growth. Today, the demand for technology and information in the culinary business is very high. The presence of GrabFood, a food delivery E-Commerce platform created by the Grab app, helps small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the culinary industry to market and grow their businesses. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of the Grab app in increasing the sales of culinary SME products in the Wonosobo subdistrict, as well as how culinary SME owners can operate and utilize digital applications to develop their businesses in accordance with Sharia principles.This research is a descriptive qualitative study, using observation and interview methods with SMEs that use GrabFood services in the Wonosobo subdistrict. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. Primary data sources are obtained directly from SMEs using GrabFood services, while secondary data sources are derived from books, journals, and articles relevant to the research theme. The results of this research show that the presence of GrabFood significantly helps culinary SMEs in marketing and increasing sales by enhancing distribution channels, information flow, communication, and the quality of human resources among culinary SMEs. From a Sharia marketing perspective, the use of digital marketing through the GrabFood service app by SMEs in Wonosobo subdistrict is in line with Sharia principles.

Interfacial Engineering Strategy to Avoid Oxidation Reaction and Boost Charge Transport Kinetics of Microparticle Silicon Larger Than 5 μm for Stable Full Cell Lithium‐Ion Battery

Demand for advanced energy storage technologies has spurred interest in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with silicon (Si) anodes promising higher energy‐density due to superior theoretical capacity. However, Si anodes face challenges such as significant volumetric expansion, low electrical conductivity, and safety concerns due to gas evolution. This study addresses these issues by introducing nitrogen‐doped hard carbon (NHC) layer onto microparticle silicon (mSi, ca. 5 µm) using scalable wet‐chemical coating technique followed by optimal carbonization. The NHC layer successfully suppresses H2 gas evolution by effectively passivating interface to deactivate oxidation reaction. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate that the NHC layer induces effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), improves Li+ diffusion kinetics, and mitigates volumetric expansion of mSi anodes, thereby reducing electrolyte decomposition and enhancing cycling stability. In practical coin‐type full cell systems, mSi@NHC‐700‐20 cell paired with LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.20O2 cathode exhibits superior areal capacities over 0.85 and 0.84 mAh cm‐2 after 300 cycles at 1 C/0.5 C and 3 C/3 C charge/discharge rates, with ultrastable capacity retention at decay rates of 0.24 % and 0.22 %, respectively. This scalable coating strategy effectively bridges the gap between laboratory‐scale research and industrial applications, positioning mSi@NHC anode as a highly promising solution for high‐energy‐density LIBs in advanced energy storage systems.

PlayStations Market Dominance: A New Era of Console War

The electronic game is a diverse and wide-influence industry since the first model was developed by Magnavox Corporation in 1972. With new technology advancement and demands from emerging game market, first generation of console (Color TV-Game 6 in 1977, PlayStation 1 in 1994, SG-1000 in 1983 and Xbox in 2001) came out at the end of 20th century. This paper explores the multifaceted approaches and strategies Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE) has employed to maintain and expand PlayStation's market share globally. Key elements of the strategy include leveraging exclusive game titles, fostering a strong brand community through events like the PlayStation Experience, and capitalizing on innovative technology with each console iteration. Additionally, the study examines PlayStation's adapt use of digital marketing tools, such as social media engagement, influencer partnerships, and strategic collaborations for cross-media exposure. The paper also delves into PlayStation's approach to market segmentation, targeting diverse demographics through varied gaming experiences, and adapting to the evolving landscape of digital distribution and cloud gaming. Through the application of SWOT and STP theories, this study analyzes these strategies and concludes that PlayStation should sustain its strengths in exclusive games, cloud gaming, and console performance. Additionally, it is imperative for PlayStation to mitigate over-reliance on exclusive game studios, with a heightened focus on game playability and the cultivation of its brand ecosystem.

Development and usability of a traditional game simulation module with augmented reality technology (AR-SiGaSTEM) in online learning to strengthen STEM skills among students

STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education is crucial for developing a workforce equipped for future technological demands. This study developed and evaluated the usability of an augmented reality (AR) teaching module called AR-SiGaSTEM, which applies game simulation techniques adapted from traditional games. The goal was to help teachers strengthen STEM skills among students through this innovative technology-enabled approach. The objectives were i) to identify teachers' perspectives on accepting AR-integrated teaching modules for online learning; ii) to develop an AR-SiGaSTEM module and game with content, functions and features suitable for online STEM learning; and iii) to evaluate the module's usability in teaching to enhance STEM skills across the curriculum. The study utilized design and development research methods in three phases: i) analyzing the content requirements and module design based on teachers' acceptance perspectives; ii) designing and developing the module following the ASSURE instructional model; and iii) evaluating usability with 16 STEM teachers. The AR-SiGaSTEM module targets Form One mathematics teachers. Data was collected via a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire and a usability questionnaire based on constructive alignment. The teachers agreed that well-designed, objective-aligned AR modules can effectively facilitate online learning. Usability testing showed the AR-SiGaSTEM module achieved high usability ratings. This educational technology module incorporates local wisdom through creative learning approaches aligned with the curriculum. It aims to develop science, technology, and innovation talents with knowledge/skills relevant to Industry 5.0, supporting Malaysia's National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy. It exemplifies innovative pedagogical interventions to optimize creative teaching practices across STEM subjects.

Exploring the potential of lead-free ASnI2Br-based tandem 4 T and 2 T configurations: a comprehensive TCAD analysis

Abstract To meet the growing demand for eco-friendly solar technologies, lead-free perovskite (PVK) materials are emerging as promising alternatives to their lead-based counterparts. Among these, ASnI2Br stands out due to its suitable wide bandgap, making it a strong candidate for integration into both 4T and 2T tandem configurations. In pursuit of a fully eco-friendly solar cell design, we present the development of lead-free ASnI2Br/Si tandem solar cells, offering a sustainable approach with high potential for efficiency improvements. First, the advancement of 4 T tandem cell efficiency is discussed. The main structure consists of FTO/PEDOT:PSS/ASnI2Br-PVK/C60/BCP/Ag inverted structure as the top cell and an n-type Si as the rear cell. Based on the simulation findings, the suggested top cell structure performs much better when TiO2 is substituted as the electron transport layer instead of C60, while CuSCN is found to be a good replacement for PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer. With these changes, the top cell's efficiency becomes 15.29%. In addition, optimizations for the bottom cell are carried out. Efficiencies for bare and filtered bottom cells reaching 23.97 and 12.53% are achieved, respectively, at 30 µm absorber thickness and 1 ms lifetime. With only two terminals, the 2 T cell has fewer manufacturing costs for the photovoltaic module than the 4 T cell. Thus, we introduce a design for a 2 T cell by converting the enhanced 4 T cell, while inverting the top cell to be compatible with the rear cell n-p structure. To ensure current matching, the correct thickness must be established for both sub-cells, where the thickness of the perovskite absorption layer rises from 200 to 545 nm. This led to reaching the matching point at a current equal to 16.35 mA/cm2, and our simulation for the monolithic stacked 2T TSC produced a PCE of 24.28%.

Engaging with clean power: integrated, hands-on lessons on photocatalytic hydrogen production for high school students

As the global demand for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals continues to rise, early high school education plays a crucial role in inspiring future innovators and preparing them for scientific challenges. This paper presents an integrated short course for high school students focused on sustainable energy generation technology via photocatalytic hydrogen production. The course is structured into four modules, including theoretical instruction with hands-on experiences in laboratory and outdoor settings. Module 1 introduces the hydrogen economy and the fundamentals of photocatalysis, emphasizing the potential of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and its critical role in addressing climate change. In Module 2, students conduct laboratory experiments to measure hydrogen production using various photocatalysts, including titania (TiO2), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and modified strontium titanate (SrTiO3). Module 3 takes learning outdoors, where students examine the effects of natural sunlight and environmental factors on photocatalytic efficiency, thereby gaining practical understanding of how photocatalysis functions in real-world conditions. Finally, Module 4 facilitates structured discussions, encouraging students to critically analyze the broader societal and technological implications of renewable energy technologies. By integrating theory with practice, this course not only enhances students’ understanding of sustainable energy technologies but also fosters critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving, empowering them to tackle future challenges in advancing renewable energy solutions and contributing to global sustainability.Graphical

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Ecofriendly and Earth-Abundant (Zn,Cu)Fe2O4 + CuO Nanocomposites for Water Splitting.

The projection of sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly energy technologies demands innovation of electrocatalysts utilizing earth-abundant materials. The current study aims to improve the catalytic activity of spinel zinc ferrite (ZF), which is an earth-abundant and economically viable material, via a doping strategy. The spinel ZF shows a weak catalytic activity for water splitting, whereas the substitution of Cu ions at octahedral sites results in improving the catalytic performance in both acidic and basic electrolytes. Structural characterization using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction demonstrates that, depending on the Cu concentration, Cu ions either incorporate into spinel Zn-ferrite oxide as doping agents or form CuO nanocomposites, where Cu-induced construction of a composite containing ZCF nanoparticles and CuO nanophase coexists. Substituting Zn with Cu in the octahedral sites of the ZF crystal structure leads to a decrease in the unit cell lattice parameter, and the crystal symmetry is impacted, including the creation of strain and dislocation density. HRTEM analyses provide evidence that the ZF particles nucleate and grow randomly due to the asymmetric reaction dynamics of spinel oxide and the lack of surfactant, while the ZCF nanoparticles are elongated in preferential orientation, forming oriented nanoparticles with a greater surface-to-volume ratio. To attain the current density of 10 mA cm-2, the nanocomposite of the ZCF-50 electrode shows the lowest overpotential of 280 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) among other electrodes. The Tafel slope also decreases significantly in which the nanocomposite of ZCF-50 shows the lowest value of 80 mV dec-1. The measured double-layer capacitance (Cdl) for the nanocomposite structure of ZCF-50 offers the highest value of 27 mF cm-2, which indicates that the nanocomposite contains the largest electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The catalytic activity of Cu-doped spinel ZCF for hydrogen evolution reaction is also evaluated. The nanocomposite of ZCF-50 shows the lowest onset overpotential of 60 mV compared to 200 mV for the ZF electrode. The obtained Cdl over cathodic potentials for the ZCF-50 electrode shows the highest value of 11.3 mF cm-2 compared with other electrodes. These results confirm that ZCF-50 contains the largest ECSA and highest electrochemical activity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies also demonstrate that the ZCF-50 electrode shows the lowest charge-transfer resistance, indicating that the catalytic OER is improved significantly at its interfaces. We realize that Cu doping into the ferrite structure and the formation of the CuO semishells synergistically can improve interparticle and transparticle charge transfer.

Quality work in the future: New directions via a co-evolving sociotechnical systems perspective

We face the situation of radical change in work due to advances in AI and related digital technologies, with uncertainty about how this change will affect workers’ opportunities for meaningful work designs, as well as the flow-on effects for worker well-being, health, skills and productivity. A ‘technocentric fallacy’ assumes that technology itself is the primary driver of successful digital transformation. Yet we have learned from history that technological considerations alone are insufficient for human well-being and productivity. The long-established sociotechnical systems theory of work design advocates that the social aspects of work (e.g. leadership, culture, task allocations) and technical aspects of work (e.g. AI, robots) need to be jointly optimised to achieve quality work. In this article, we expand this theoretical approach to fit current challenges, and to enable its wider-scale application. Our team of social and technical scholars propose a ‘co-evolving’ sociotechnical systems’ (CeSTS) approach to the design, implementation, and use of digital technology in work contexts. CeSTS expands thinking across time and across levels of analysis to create a more proactive, and ultimately more balanced, approach. Achieving CeSTS requires interdisciplinary collaboration, methods that can track dynamic and emergent change, and a multi-stakeholder approach that both informs research and shapes change in work. Altogether, the radical changes in technology demand an equally radical shift in how scholars investigate, and ultimately help to shape, future work. JEL Classification: 033

Human bio-electric generator: Self-powered cellulose-based wearable sensor with ultra-stretchability and low-grade body heat harvesting.

Human bio-electric generator: Self-powered cellulose-based wearable sensor with ultra-stretchability and low-grade body heat harvesting.

Recent Progress in Fatliquoring Technology of Chrome-Free Tanning Systems

Fatliquoring is an important process in leather production, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties and sensory properties of leather, especially the softness. However, in recent years, with the urgent demand and rapid development of chrome-free tanning technology, the traditional fatliquoring agents and fatliquoring processes designed to adapt to chrome tanning technology are no longer compatible with these new tanning technologies and usually face the problems of low fatliquoring absorption rate, uneven distribution and poor binding ability. In order to better promote the integrity and commercial exploitation of chrome-free tanning technology, some fatliquoring agents and corresponding fatliquoring processes suitable for chrome-free tanned leather have been developed. This review summarizes the recent progress of fatliquoring technology suitable for chrome-free tanned leather. The properties of chrome-free tanned leather, the characteristics of different fatliquoring agents, the fatliquoring process parameters, and their influence on the fatliquoring process of chrome-free tanned leather are emphatically discussed. Furthermore, the characterization methods of fatliquoring effect are also introduced from the aspects of absorption, distribution and biodegradability of fatliquoring agent and fatliquoring mechanism. Especially, the problems faced by fatliquoring technology of chrome-free tanned leather aredescribed, and its future development direction is prospected.Finally, the reasonable assumption of fatliquoring agent and expected fatliquoring effect suitable for chrome-free tanned leather based on silicon materials developed by our group is put forward.

Intelligent packaging film using watermelon peel pectin and betacyanins with UiO-66 as the gas adsorption system for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork.

Intelligent packaging film using watermelon peel pectin and betacyanins with UiO-66 as the gas adsorption system for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork.

Advancing nanocellulose-based biosensors: pioneering eco-friendly solutions for biomedical applications and sustainable material replacement.

Advancing nanocellulose-based biosensors: pioneering eco-friendly solutions for biomedical applications and sustainable material replacement.

Evidence-based artificial intelligence: Implementing retrieval-augmented generation models to enhance clinical decision support in plastic surgery.

Evidence-based artificial intelligence: Implementing retrieval-augmented generation models to enhance clinical decision support in plastic surgery.

Critical Perspectives on the Design of Polymeric Materials for Mitigating Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

During the global energy transition, electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage systems are rapidly gaining popularity, leading to a strong demand for lithium battery technology with high energy density and long lifespan. This technological advancement, however, hinges critically on resolving safety challenges posed by intrinsically reactive components particularly flammable polymeric separators, organic electrolyte systems, and high-capacity electrodes, which collectively elevate risks of thermal runaway (TR) under operational conditions. The strategic integration of smart polymeric materials that enable early detection of TR precursors (e.g., gas evolution, thermal spikes, voltage anomalies) and autonomously interrupt TR propagation chains has emerged as a vital paradigm for next-generation battery safety engineering. This paper begins with the development characteristics of thermal runaway in lithium batteries and analyzes recent breakthroughs in polymer-centric component design, multi-parameter sensing polymers, and TR propagation barriers. The discussion extends to intelligent material systems for emerging battery chemistries (e.g., solid-state, lithium-metal) and extreme operational environments, proposing design frameworks that leverage polymer multifunctionality for hierarchical safety mechanisms. These insights establish foundational principles for developing polymer-integrated lithium batteries that harmonize high energy density with intrinsic safety, addressing critical needs in sustainable energy infrastructure.

Skin Disease Detection Using Image Processing and CNN

Abstract: The rising prevalence of skin problems, combined with a dearth of dermatologists—particularly in rural and underserved areas—has generated a pressing demand for novel technologies that aid in early detection and diagnosis. To address this, we introduce an AI-powered solution that helps patients, general practitioners, and dermatologists by providing an efficient and user-friendly preliminary screening tool. Our method uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically the Mobile Net architecture, to evaluate high-resolution dermoscopic and clinical skin images and accurately classify various dermatological diseases. The algorithm, which was trained on a large, labelled dataset, can recognize a variety of skin illnesses, including melanoma, eczema, psoriasis, and acne.Mobile Net’s lightweight architecture makes it ideal for deployment on mobile and edge devices, allowing for use in distant environments and medical applications. This system is designed to serve as a decision-support tool, enhancing diagnosis accuracy, minimizing delays, and streamlining healthcare delivery without displacing medical experts. With additional improvement and clinical validation, the system has the potential to have a global impact by improving dermatological treatment accessibility and efficiency.

Prototype Web-Based Surveillance and Management Reporting System for Public Street Lighting

The growing global population and rapid urbanization have escalated the demand for smart city technologies that promote sustainability and efficient resource management, particularly through IoT-based data processing systems. Efficient urban infrastructure management, such as public street lighting, is crucial to meet these demands. However, many local governments continue to rely on manual inspections, which are inefficient and costly, underscoring the need for automated, real-time monitoring solutions that improve reliability and reduce operational expenses. This research presents a system that automates streetlight control based on predefined schedules and reports any malfunctions to a central database. The system leverages an Arduino Nano as the main controller, an RTC (Real-Time Clock) for timing, a GSM Shield SIM900 for communication, and solar panels as an energy source. Experimental results demonstrate that the lighting system operates reliably according to the specified schedule. Experimental results show that the lighting system operates according to the specified schedule and the SIM900 module sends data from the sensors to the website in real-time.

BALANCED MODEL OF EDUCATION-BUSINESS INTERACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF KAZAKHSTAN’S ECONOMIC DIGITALIZATION: CHALLENGES AND IMPLEMENTATION PATHWAYS

The article discusses the challenges of developing a balanced model for the interaction between educational institutions and enterprises in the context of digitalizing the economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Given the rapid development of technology and changing labour market demands, there is a need for more effective collaboration between these sectors to prepare specialists with relevant skills. The focus is on identifying key obstacles such as differing goals of educational institutions and businesses, insufficient flexibility in academic programs, a lack of resources, and inadequate government support. The research aims to identify key barriers to effective collaboration between educational institutions and businesses and propose solutions to overcome these obstacles. A comprehensive approach is employed, including analyzing current labour market trends, examining existing academic programs, and interviewing representatives from enterprises and academic institutions. The research findings indicate that the main problems of interaction include insufficient flexibility in educational programs, a lack of resources and infrastructure, as well as differing goals and priorities of the parties involved. Based on the analysis, a mechanism for adapting educational programs is proposed, which includes continuous monitoring of labour market requirements, the establishment of advisory councils involving businesses, and regular updates of educational modules. As a result of the research, a mathematical model describing the interaction between the main factors affecting the level of adaptation of educational programs is proposed. The model includes variables such as labour market needs, business participation, allocated resources, and government support. The use of this model allows for the optimization of the process of adapting educational programs and improving the training of personnel that meets the modern requirements of the digital economy. Implementing the proposed recommendations may contribute to the creation of sustainable partnerships between educational institutions and enterprises, which, in turn, will enhance the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's economy.