We review the ambiguous legacy of Emil Kraepelin. He established an approach that secured psychiatry's place as a medical specialty, and his methodology has dominated the profession and defined its long 20th century, 1899-2026. However, his eugenic views weigh heavily because of the catastrophes in which German psychiatry was implicated and to which it contributed actively during the Nazi era that followed. Furthermore, his project to establish mental illness in the form of discrete natural kinds has failed in the light of scientific progress. Psychiatry must embrace the complexity of mental illness and engage more deeply with the inherently fuzzy realms of language, culture, technological change and political power. This shift should bear more strongly on psychiatry's curriculum, research priorities, continuing professional development, practice, ethics and public engagement.

This study examines the effect of job satisfaction on employees’ marketing performance in the digital era. Increasing business competition and rapid technological changes require marketing employees to adapt quickly in order to maintain organizational performance. However, many companies still face challenges related to inconsistent marketing performance caused by low employee satisfaction. This research aims to analyze whether job satisfaction significantly influences marketing performance in a digital work environment. A quantitative associative approach was applied in this study. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 134 marketing employees using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression with SPSS software. The findings indicate that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. The regression coefficient value of 0.675 and significance level of 0.000 confirm that higher job satisfaction contributes to better marketing performance. In addition, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.402 shows that job satisfaction explains 40.2% of the variation in marketing performance, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors outside the study. These results highlight the importance of improving employee satisfaction to support marketing effectiveness in the digitalization era.

ABSTRACT Technological change is reshaping the accounting profession, yet the integration of emerging technologies into accounting education depends not only on faculty capabilities but also on how technological expectations become institutionalised within universities. This study examines how accounting faculty in Indonesia respond when technological expectations become institutional priorities and how these responses are translated into teaching practice. Drawing on institutional work theory, it analyses semi-structured interviews with accounting faculty at a private Indonesian university. The findings show that technology was first valorised as a legitimate and desirable direction, lecturer alignment was produced through enabling and policing mechanisms, and pedagogical enactment remained selective, bounded, and only partially routinised. Lecturers were often willing to engage with technology when it was directly tied to teaching responsibilities, but sustained uptake was constrained by workload, role-specific relevance, institutional support, and material conditions. The study contributes by shifting attention from technology adoption as individual readiness or resistance to the institutional processes through which technological priorities are valued, reinforced, and enacted in practice. It also broadens the geographical scope of accounting education research by examining an Indonesian private university context.

ABSTRACT Keeping pace with rapidly evolving technology is a key challenge in teaching statistics. To equip students with essential skills for the modern workplace, educators must integrate relevant technologies into the statistical curriculum where possible. University‐level statistics education has experienced substantial technological change, particularly in the tools and practices that underpin teaching and learning. Statistical programming has become central to many courses, with R widely used and Python increasingly incorporated into statistics and data analytics programs. Additionally, coding practices, database management, and machine learning now feature within some statistics curricula. Looking ahead, we anticipate a growing emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the pedagogical implications of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. In this article, we discuss these technological developments and present our perspectives on their integration into contemporary statistics education.

This article discusses the evolving teaching practice, focusing on the role of continuing education in the development of creative teaching strategies. It starts from the understanding that the social, curricular, technological, and pedagogical changes affecting contemporary schools demand from teachers not only professional updating but also the ability to reflect on their practice, reinterpret challenges, and construct more creative and contextualized pedagogical responses. The objective of this study was to analyze how continuing education can contribute to transforming teaching performance and fostering the development of more inventive, sensitive, and coherent teaching strategies that meet current educational demands. Methodologically, this is a bibliographic research, based on recent academic productions and institutional documents on teacher training, professional development, and pedagogical creativity. The results indicate that continuing education produces more significant effects when it is linked to daily school life, promotes reflection on practice, strengthens professional autonomy, and fosters collaborative experiences among teachers. It was also evident that creativity in teaching should not be understood as an individual gift, but as a professional development that can be cultivated through ongoing and contextualized training processes. It is concluded that continuing education constitutes an important path for transforming teaching practice, by expanding repertoires, strengthening authorship, and supporting the development of creative teaching strategies in the daily school routine.

As Medical Education recognises the 100th anniversary of Kelley's writing on validity, ongoing efforts to implement competency-focused training make the centenary a critical time to reflect on the sufficiency of validity argumentation for high-stakes testing. Shifting dynamics in assessment, after all, have never been more apparent as recent years have witnessed countries that traditionally place heavy emphasis on high-stakes testing (e.g. the United States and Canada) respond to social pressures by decreasing their use while others (e.g. the UK) have moved the opposite direction. The needs of institutions, administrators, students, communities and patients are evolving within a context of dynamic changes in society, education and technology. We, therefore, offer critical analysis of three myths that continue to surround high-stakes testing as a means to encourage collective and deliberate reflection about how the field can best adapt. In the era of competency-based education, it is not only insufficient but also counter-productive to mount a validity argument without demonstrating how high-stakes decisions account for (and influence) what happens before and after moments of high-stakes testing. High-stakes decisions intended to assure competence can paradoxically, yet predictably, threaten competence if the assessments they rely on prioritise short-term hurdles over the skills and behaviours required for long-term success.

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump UNESCO World Heritage Site (HSIBJ) is a buffalo jump site that was in use for at least 6,000 years, and perhaps longer as renewed excavations are showing. The durative power of the site suggests a level of cultural continuity that is relatively unparalleled through world history. Despite technological, environmental, and cultural changes over that time, the way that the jump was used remained relatively consistent. The durative power of the site can be understood by the application of theoretical models that have been used to explain social complexity elsewhere in North America. HSIBJ functioned as a keystone site over this long period, a site in which embedded knowledge functioned as a kind of social surplus. This embedded knowledge is one marker of the heterarchical social complexity evident amongst the users of HSIBJ.

Purpose The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming skill structures and changing how education relates to labor market outcomes. This study explores the impact of AI diffusion on wage consequences associated with educational mismatch in China's urban labor market. Design/methodology/approach Using microdata from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) (2014–2018) combined with city-level indicators of AI diffusion, we construct a cohort-based measure of educational mismatch and estimate extensive fixed-effects models to assess the role of AI. Findings Three key findings emerge. First, overeducation leads to a significant wage penalty, while undereducation is associated with a wage premium. Second, although AI diffusion is not significantly associated with individual wages, it reduces the wage penalty for overeducated workers and slightly lowers the wage premium for undereducated workers. Instrumental-variable estimates using lagged AI diffusion produce similar patterns, although the results should be interpreted with caution. Third, these effects vary by occupation: AI mainly benefits overeducated workers in non-manual jobs, where surplus schooling can be effectively absorbed, whereas in manual jobs it compresses the returns to undereducation as tasks become more skill-intensive. Mechanism analysis provides suggestive evidence consistent with the view that AI improves skill utilization and promotion expectations, while general life satisfaction remains unaffected. Originality/value This study shows how AI transforms the value of skills in evolving labor markets and highlights the need for policy efforts to align human-capital development and worker-transition support with technological change.

ABSTRACT The maritime sector faces growing recruitment and retention challenges among young seafarers due to rapid technological change, regulatory pressure, and shifting career expectations. This study examines maritime workforce sustainability by analysing career intentions among 1760 final-year maritime students in Türkiye. The research focuses on students’ motivational sources, the relationship between gender and intended sea career duration, and the extent to which policy and training interventions may influence cadet retention. Using multivariate statistical techniques, including ANOVA, principal component analysis, regression, and cluster analysis, the study investigates how motivation, gender, family maritime background, and educational institution type affect intended career duration at sea. The findings show that declining perceived monetary advantages, social isolation, and negative sea-time internship experiences reduce students’ motivation to pursue long-term seafaring careers. Gender and family background also emerge as significant predictors of intended career duration. The strongest predictor of long-term commitment is passion for the maritime profession. The study therefore suggests that maritime education should go beyond technical training by incorporating motivational and career-sustainability-oriented interventions to support longer-term retention in seafaring careers.

ABSTRACT Although research has shown increasing interest in employee innovation amid technological change, the influence of AI disruption threat on green service innovative behavior remains underexplored, particularly regarding the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions. Drawing on event system theory, this study develops a moderated mediation model in which green crafting serves as a mediator between AI disruption threat and green service innovative behavior, and AI rumination moderates this mediated relationship. Using three-wave time-lagged survey data from 416 employees in the Chinese hotel industry, we found that green crafting mediates the positive effect of AI disruption threat on green service innovative behavior. Moreover, AI rumination weakens this mediating effect. These findings provide new insights into when and how technological threats can drive green innovation, enriching the existing body of knowledge in innovation management and sustainability.

Carbon cycling is an important factor in the climate regulation of the Earth as it regulates the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, and soils, as well as living organisms on Earth. This review discusses the processes of carbon cycling in natural and managed ecosystems and identifies the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and soil carbon dynamics as the major processes. It looks at the effects of activities carried out by humans, such as agriculture, forestry, and urbanization, which affect carbon fluxes to improve or interfere with carbon sequestration. Recent technological changes, such as remote sensing, eddy covariance systems, and isotopic tracers, have enormously helped to monitor carbon dynamics over a greater scale and over a greater time extent. Also, new developments in modeling methods have enhanced the forecasts of carbon cycling in different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, many issues, such as the constraint in data, complexity of ecosystem interactions, and the requirement to know more about carbon feedbacks and non-linearities as climate changes persist. These issues should be solved by interdisciplinary research, biological innovations, and more comprehensive monitoring networks. Future studies should be aimed at the effects of extreme events on carbon processes, how well the ecosystem responds to the feedback, and how to apply the scientific results to policy and management tools. This will prove very important in curbing climate change and enhancing sustainable management of ecosystems.

In contemporary work environments, employees' psychological capacity to adapt to continuous economic, technological, and cultural changes have become a central concern within organizational and applied psychology. While constructs such as adaptability, learning orientation, and cognitive flexibility have been widely discussed, there remains limited consensus on which psychological components of learnability most strongly influence employee adaptation and how adaptation-oriented strategies can be systematically evaluated under uncertainty. Moreover, existing research often lacks integrative analytical frameworks that link individual cognitive-behavioral characteristics with strategic organizational learning outcomes. To address this gap, the present study conceptualizes Learnability Quotient as a multidimensional psychological construct encompassing cognitive flexibility, questioning behavior, openness to experience, and reflective learning tendencies. Building on expert-based psychological evaluations, a novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making framework is proposed by integrating spherical fuzzy sets, a newly developed comparative weighting evaluation based on the best criteria (COWEB) weighting technique, and the multiple normalization rating analysis (MUNRA) ranking approach. This integrated model enables the simultaneous assessment of the relative importance of learnability-related psychological indicators and the prioritization of employee adaptation strategies. Empirical results demonstrate that questioning and inquiry as well as mental flexibility emerge as the most influential psychological dimensions of learnability, highlighting the critical role of critical thinking, cognitive openness, and adaptive mental processes in effective organizational learning. Furthermore, the stability of strategy rankings across multiple scenarios supports the psychological robustness and methodological reliability of the proposed framework. By bridging cognitive-behavioral psychology and decision science, this study offers both theoretical contributions to organizational learning psychology and practical insights for designing psychologically informed adaptation strategies in contemporary organizations.

ABSTRACT As enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) continues to rapidly expand throughout the new digital economies, there have been several governance, audit, and cybersecurity challenges that demand new organizational frameworks or structures to address. This research investigates governance gaps and audit challenges of the adoption of enterprise AI, explainability shortcomings, dispersed responsibility frameworks, cybersecurity challenges, limited real-time monitoring, and regulatory discrepancies in digitally transformed economies. This study is based on a systematic literature review and thematic analysis approach, which aims at exploring the relationship between governance maturity and organizational resilience from a multi-faceted perspective of governance theories, institutional theory, and socio-technical systems perspectives. To explore the relationship between governance maturity and organizational resilience in a multi-faceted way, the study employs the systematic literature review and thematic analysis method, which is based on the theoretical approaches of governance theory, institutional theory, and socio-technical systems perspectives. The results show that governance problems often occur when technological change occurs at a faster pace than governance and audit capacity. The study proposes an overall enterprise AI governance and audit assurance framework, combining strategic governance, enterprise operational controls, continuous assurance, cybersecurity resiliency, and regulatory alignment.

This study examines the transition from traditional ecotourism to e-ecotourism in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand, with a focus on the role of digital technologies in advancing sustainable tourism development. Using a qualitative systematic literature review (SLR) and thematic content analysis of 21 peer-reviewed studies from Scopus and Web of Science, the study addresses three questions: the current ecotourism landscape and its digital readiness, barriers to transitioning from traditional ecotourism to e-ecotourism, and how digital technologies contribute to sustainable tourism outcomes. Findings indicate that digitalization significantly enhances destination management, visitor education, and environmental conservation. Four key barriers constraining digital transformation are identified: limited digital literacy among local operators, insufficient financial resources for infrastructure development, inadequate digital infrastructure particularly in rural areas, and traditional mindsets resistant to technological change. A comprehensive conceptual framework linking digital transformation to three sustainable tourism development dimensions, including economic growth, socio-cultural preservation, and environmental conservation is developed, positioning e-ecotourism as an integrative mechanism for achieving sustainable outcomes. The study highlights e-ecotourism as a strategically necessary direction for Songkhla’s future sustainable tourism development. Practical implications include targeted policy recommendations for government investment in digital infrastructure, comprehensive training programs for local operators and community members, and collaborative stakeholder engagement strategies designed to enable effective technology adoption while preserving community values and environmental integrity.

BackgroundDigital literacy has become a core competence for nursing faculty to adapt to the digital transformation of education, improve teaching quality, and cultivate innovative nursing talents.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the digital literacy status and influencing factors among nursing faculty in colleges and universities in Fujian province, China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey analysis was conducted among 339 participants from July 2023 to June 2024 by selecting nursing faculty from 3 medical universities and 5 colleges in Fujian province. A general information questionnaire and a teacher digital literacy questionnaire (designed based on the artificial intelligence–enhanced technological pedagogical content knowledge theoretical model) were used to conduct the survey. The questionnaires included the following dimensions: an intelligent integration ethics layer (digital social responsibility), attention to the moral boundaries of applying technology; an awareness layer (digital awareness), the willingness to actively adapt to technological changes; a knowledge layer (digital technology knowledge and skills), mastery of the integration point of intelligent tools and subject teaching; an ability layer (digital application), the ability to design intelligent teaching plans; and a thinking layer (professional development; innovative thinking for the critical integration of technology). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, a 1-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression (using SPSS 28.0 software).ResultsThe overall digital literacy of the nursing faculty was at a medium level (mean score 101.92, SD 16.47), with the highest score in digital awareness (mean 20.21, SD 9.43) and the lowest score in digital technology knowledge and skills (mean 9.68, SD 2.92). For the dimension of digital technology knowledge and skills, both age (β=−.142; P=.009) and years of teaching (β=−.147; P=.006) were significant negative predictors. Regarding digital application, age was found to be a significant negative predictor (β=−0.124; P=.02) but teaching experience was a positive predictor (β=0.123, P=.02). Similarly, age also had a significant negative impact on the professional development dimension (β=−.153; P=.005) and the overall digital literacy level (β=−.136; P=.01).ConclusionsThe digital literacy of nursing faculty is at a medium level, with especially low scores in technical knowledge. Age and teaching experience are key influencing factors. Recommendations to promote balanced development of awareness and skills include providing targeted training for senior faculty, integrating courses with clinical practice, optimizing the allocation of digital resources, promoting interdisciplinary cooperation, and strengthening ethical and safety training.

ABSTRACT This study examines how Bangladeshi newspaper journalists are adapting to digital technologies and reshaping their professional practices. Grounded in the Hierarchy of Influences model and informed by media convergence and platformization, it situates these transformations within a Global South context. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 25 journalists, the findings reveal increasing pressure to perform multifaceted, multiplatform roles, including writing, photography, filming, editing, and live reporting. While early-career journalists tend to embrace these changes as opportunities for skill development and visibility, senior journalists express concerns about declining autonomy, reduced editorial control, and the erosion of professional standards. These findings highlight persistent tensions between technological adaptation and journalistic values, particularly around autonomy and professional identity. The study contributes to journalism research by extending the HOI model, showing that technological change operates as a cross-cutting force across multiple levels, simultaneously reshaping everyday journalistic practices.

ABSTRACT Why do technological revolutions fail to appear in productivity statistics? This paper develops a game-theoretic model in which firms with heterogeneous absorptive capacity make technology adoption decisions under competitive pressure. In equilibrium, high-capability firms adopt while low-capability firms either wait or adopt at a net loss due to competitive pressure. Aggregation across firm types generates a macro-level productivity paradox: substantial micro-level technological change produces negligible aggregate productivity gains. We provide micro-foundations for the Solow Paradox and derive three results: (i) a separating equilibrium in which only frontier firms adopt, generating the paradox as a composition effect; (ii) a pooling equilibrium in which competitive pressure forces unprofitable adoption; and (iii) multiple equilibria with coordination failure, where the Pareto-dominant equilibrium may not be selected. A welfare analysis shows that the social planner's optimal policy depends critically on whether non-adoption reflects coordination failure or genuine capability deficit. A formal decomposition shows that this composition channel is independent of, and additive to, the measurement channel identified in the directed technological change literature. We further show that workforce aging structurally expands the parameter space where the paradox persists, generating testable predictions for economies undergoing rapid demographic transitions.

ABSTRACT This article examines the renewed centrality of employment, wages, and industrial relations in Italy in 2024–2025. It argues that this shift is not merely cyclical, but reflects deeper structural transformations: population ageing, the contraction of younger cohorts, growing labour shortages, technological change, and persistent wage stagnation. The CGIL referendum and Law No. 76/2025 on worker participation are interpreted as different responses to the same underlying problem: the need to redefine relations between capital, labour, and the state. The article shows how demographic decline may alter workers’ bargaining power, especially where firms face difficulties in recruiting and retaining skilled labour. Drawing on Hirschman’s framework of exit, voice, and loyalty, it analyses how younger workers’ expectations regarding autonomy, participation, and work-life balance are reshaping workplace relations. The article concludes that Italy may be entering a new, still unsettled, phase of industrial relations.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovation inputs in Spanish manufacturing firms. While AI is increasingly recognized as a driver of productivity and economic growth, its role in shaping firms’ innovation strategies remains underexplored. Using firm-level data, our analysis focuses on whether AI complements innovation inputs – specifically R&D and Embodied Technological Change (ETC) – and whether AI can be considered as a Method of Invention, able to trigger subsequent innovation investments. Results show a positive association between AI adoption and both internal R&D and ETC, in a static and a dynamic framework. Furthermore, empirical evidence also highlights heterogeneity, with important peculiarities affecting large vs small firms and high-tech vs low-tech companies. These findings suggest that AI may act as both a complement and a catalyst, depending on firm characteristics.

The paper explores the question of threats related to commercial processing of genetic data putting the analysis in the context of data capitalism. Modern technological, social and economic changes translate to development of huge databases and their commercial application. These phenomena concern processing of medical data and medical services too. The authors review the literature on risks associated with unauthorized use of personal data and present also some of the relevant legal acts. The focus is on problems arising from data subjects' decisions to provide their data to commercial controllers for lifestyle or genealogy testing purposes. While data subjects are in full right to consent to such processing, there are serious questions about further security of the data and control over their processing, which is especially problematic with genetic data, considering their unique nature. The paper illustrates this concern with the case of 23andMe and bankruptcy of this medical service provider, presenting the challenges of executing effective control over such actors, either by data subjects themselves or authorities. The paper highlights the need to update legal provisions to accommodate the processes occurring in the social environment.