Technological Breakthroughs Research Articles

Nd3+-doped Fiber Laser at 1000-1100nm

Fiber optic amplifiers have revolutionized telecommunications by enabling efficient signal amplification over long distances. Their development stems from the increasing demand for high-speed data transmission and the limitations of traditional electronic amplifiers. Fiber amplifiers utilize rare-earth-doped fibers to boost optical signals, offering advantages in bandwidth, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Nd3+-doped fiber laser is one of the focal topics of current research. Researchers have found advancements in the application of Nd3+-doped fiber laser at wide wavelengths. However, there still exist uncertainties in applying Nd3+-doped fiber laser at 1000-1100nm. Therefore, this paper aims to design a Nd3+-doped fiber laser at 1000-1100nm. The research methodology of this paper is as follows: using numerical simulation via Matlab. Research finds that Nd3+-doped fiber laser at 1000-1100nm is theoretically applicable. The results of this research will promote the development of optical fiber. Through an in-depth exploration of new materials and application technologies, it will bring breakthroughs in optical fiber communication, optical sensing, laser technology, and other fields. This will promote the improvement of laser performance and provide a more reliable and efficient basis for future scientific research and engineering applications.

Modern challenges in the management of innovative projects in technology companies in the turbulent environment of digital technologies

In today’s rapidly changing digital landscape, technology companies face unprecedented challenges in managing innovative projects in an environment of constant turbulence. This article examines the complex dynamics of innovation in technology firms in the context of the rapid evolution of digital technologies. It identifies the key challenges faced by project managers, including the need to adapt to breakthrough technologies, meet rapidly changing market demands, and foster a culture of innovation in organizations. Based on an extensive literature review and empirical evidence, this study reveals the complexities of managing innovative projects in a turbulent digital environment. It discusses strategies to reduce risks, increase project flexibility, and facilitate collaboration between different teams. Analyzing these problems, this article aims to provide valuable information and practical recommendations to technology companies seeking to effectively manage innovative projects in an era of rapid development of digital technologies. By understanding in detail the current landscape of technological innovation, organizations can develop adaptive strategies to address the challenges of digital turbulence and capitalize on emerging opportunities for growth and competitiveness.

Initial Experience with Single Port Robotic Right Colectomies: Results of an Investigator-Initiated Investigational Device Exemption Study Using a Novel Single Port Robotic Platform

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgical techniques have been widely adopted in colorectal surgery. New technological breakthroughs have led to even less invasive alternatives like single-port surgery, but this has been hindered by technical challenges such as collision of the robotic arms within a limited space. The Intuitive da Vinci single port robotic platform is a novel system that overcomes some of these challenges. IMPACT OF INNOVATION: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of the Intuitive da Vinci Single Port robotic platform in right segmental colectomies among adult patients. These findings may set the stage for more widespread use of single port robotic surgery. TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Intuitive da Vinci Single-Port SP robot is a system designed specifically for single port robotic surgery. This platform enables flexible port location and efficient internal and external range of motion by utilizing a single C-shaped arm. In our study, right colectomies were performed in adult patients using this platform between May 2022 and November 2022 and compared to right colectomies in adult patients done using the standard multiport platform between Jan 2019- December 2022. The main outcome measure was safety and quality event rate. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Among 5 patients who underwent single port robotic right colectomy, and 83.3% (n=25) underwent multiport right colectomy. In the single port group, 40% (n = 2) developed a safety/quality event (postoperative portal vein thrombosis and excessive postoperative pain). Of the multiport group, 32% (n = 8) had one safety/quality event, and 8% (n = 2) had more than one event. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: This preliminary study, one of the first FDA-approved, investigator-initiated uses of this platform in colorectal surgeries, shows that this platform is a safe and feasible option for right colectomies and on preliminary evaluation appears comparable in terms of relevant safety/quality events to the multiport platform. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05321134 Trial Funding: American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) Research Foundation.

Research on Global Market Competition and Activation Impact of China's New Energy Vehicles

With the shortage of global energy resources and the increased awareness of environmental protection, in recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly and become a major player in the global electric vehicle market. This paper will discuss the competitive situation of China's new energy vehicles in the global market and its impact on the activation of the global new energy vehicle market. By analyzing the policy support, technological innovation, market expansion and international competitiveness of China's new energy vehicle industry, this paper aims to reveal China's important position in the global new energy vehicle market and its far-reaching impact on the global industrial structure. In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has sprung up and developed rapidly, and has become a powerful force in the global electric vehicle market. In this ever-changing era of science and technology, the new energy vehicle industry is regarded as an important driving force for future global economic growth, and countries have increased investment and competed for market share. In terms of technological innovation, China's new energy automobile industry continues to increase investment in research and development, breakthroughs in key technologies, and has achieved remarkable results. From the perspective of policy support, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of the new energy automobile industry and has introduced a series of policy measures to encourage and promote the rapid development of the industry. From the perspective of market expansion, the market of new energy vehicles in our country shows a rapid growth trend. In terms of international competitiveness, China's new energy automobile industry has gradually risen, and has the strength to compete with developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan. With the continuous growth of China's new energy automobile industry, the export business has also achieved remarkable results, and the international market share has gradually increased. On a global scale, China's new energy automobile industry has formed a new pattern of competition with major economies. The competitive situation of China's new energy automobile industry in the global market has become increasingly prominent, which has a positive activation effect on the global new energy automobile market. Under the joint promotion of policy support, technological innovation, market expansion and international competitiveness, China's new energy vehicle industry will continue to play an important role in the global market and have a profound impact on the global industrial pattern. With the increasingly fierce competition in the field of new energy vehicles, the development of China's new energy vehicle industry will have a greater impact and influence on the global market.

Recent Advances on Bioactive Molecules Acting on RNA and RNA Binding Proteins

This review discusses the binding of biologically active molecules to RNA, a crucial component in understanding the molecular basis of life. RNA is replicated from DNA by RNA polymerase and is essential for protein formation. Three types of cellular RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and soluble RNA (sRNA). The impact of altered RNA binding proteins on human diseases is also discussed. The article also discusses the function of human Pol III in transcription of noncoding RNAs with immuno stimulatory effects, which can promote antiviral immunity. The intricacies of RNA and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have captivated researchers across various disciplines, owing to their pivotal roles in fundamental cellular processes and their emerging significance in disease mechanisms and therapeutics. RNA molecules, once considered mere messengers in the flow of genetic information, are now recognized as versatile regulators of gene expression, participating in transcriptional and translational control, RNA processing, and epigenetic modifications. In cancer cells, off-target signalling can be harmful, and a new mouse monoclonal antibody (6E4) targets 8-oxoA. RepRNA platforms have been found to lower bacterial lung burden and induce a spectrum of humoral and cellular immune responses. RNA-protein interactions can be inhibited and are potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. RNA-protein interactions can be inhibited and have both protective and pathogenic roles in some diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in bioactive molecules binding on RNA and RBPs, encompassing key findings, technological breakthroughs, and therapeutic implications. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future directions, this review seeks to elucidate the multifaceted landscape of RNA biology and its implications for drug discovery and precision medicine.

The Macroeconomic Role of New Energy Sources in the Transition of Global Energy Structure

This paper looks into the changing world scene of energy with respect to shifts from traditional to new energy sources. When the trends are examined against the backdrop of rapid industrialization, technological breakthroughs, and globalization, it is noticeable that traditional energy sources have major environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas pollution and various health risks. The study demonstrates that new and renewable energy options such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power could play a leading role in reducing climate change effects and improving air and water quality. The discussion on the macroeconomic influences of these new energy sources, particularly on power generation and the automotive sector, can be seen as having transformative potential in supporting sustainable development objectives. Although the article acknowledges the growth in this sector, it also pinpoints impediments that hinder the new energy technologies, including technological youthfulness, limited infrastructure, and intermittent supply of energy. The strategy recommended as a whole consists of enhanced investment in research and development; a joined approach of politics; edification programs; and public promotion with an aim to solve these difficulties and to hasten the process of global transition into a sustainable energy sphere. The study indicates that while environmental concerns should be balanced against economic development and societal benefits when shaping future global energy systems.

How does the status of errant robot affect our desire for contact? – The moderating effect of team interdependence

Technological breakthroughs such as artificial intelligence and sensors make human-robot collaboration a reality. Robots with highly reliable, specialised skills gain informal status in collaborative teams, but factors such as unstructured work environments and task requirements make robot error inevitable. So how do status differences of errant robots affect the desire for contact, and do team characteristics also have an impact? This paper describes an intergroup experiment using the Experimental Vignette Method (EVM), based on the Expectation Violation Theory, 214 subjects were invited to test the following hypotheses: (1) Errant robot status has an influence on employees' desire for contact and support for robotics research through negative emotions; (2) Team interdependence is a boundary condition for the effect of errant robot status on negative emotions. This paper contributes to the literature on employee reactions to robot errors in human-robot collaboration and provides suggestions for robot status design.

Machine Learning Decision System on the Empirical Analysis of the Actual Usage of Interactive Entertainment: A Perspective of Sustainable Innovative Technology

This study focused on the impact of Netflix’s interactive entertainment on Filipino consumers, seamlessly combining vantage points from consumer behavior and employing data analytics. This underlines the revolutionary aspect of interactive entertainment in the quickly expanding digital media ecosystem, particularly as Netflix pioneers fresh content distribution techniques. The main objective of this study was to find the factors impacting the real usage of Netflix’s interactive entertainment among Filipino viewers, filling a critical gap in the existing literature. The major goal of using advanced data analytics techniques in this study was to understand the subtle dynamics affecting customer behavior in this setting. Specifically, the random forest classifier with hard and soft classifiers was assessed. The random forest compared to LightGBM was also employed, alongside the different algorithms of the artificial neural network. Purposive sampling was used to obtain responses from 258 people who had experienced Netflix’s interactive entertainment, resulting in a comprehensive dataset. The findings emphasized the importance of hedonic motivation, underlining the requirement for highly engaging and rewarding interactive material. Customer service and device compatibility, for example, have a significant impact on user uptake. Furthermore, behavioral intention and habit emerged as key drivers, revealing interactive entertainment’s long-term influence on user engagement. Practically, the research recommends strategic platform suggestions that emphasize continuous innovation, user-friendly interfaces, and user-centric methods. This study was able to fill in the gap in the literature on interactive entertainment, which contributes to a better understanding of consumer consumption and lays the groundwork for future research in the dynamic field of digital media. Moreover, this study offers essential insights into the intricate interaction of consumer preferences, technology breakthroughs, and societal influences in the ever-expanding environment of digital entertainment. Lastly, the comparative approach to the use of machine learning algorithms provides insights for future works to adopt and employ among human factors and consumer behavior-related studies.

A Holistic Approach to Cybersecurity Integration in Autonomous Vehicles

The breakthrough of the self-driving car technology is a double-edged sword that gives us incredible opportunities and at the same time, it is the source of huge cybersecurity challenges. This paper champions the creation of a complete legal system and worldwide standards, like the ISO 26262, to regulate different parts of the autonomous vehicle (AV) operations, such as safety testing, liability, data privacy, and cybersecurity. By highlighting the significance of cybersecurity from the very start, the stakeholders and the automakers have to incorporate the practices like secure programming, routine updates, intrusion detection systems and encryption methods which will be the effective shield against the unauthorized access and data breaches. People should be informed and educated about the cybersecurity risks of AVs so that they can take the steps to protect themselves. Nevertheless, the integration of AVs with the Internet of Things (IoT) and other devices makes the cybersecurity landscape even more complicated, which means that there is a constant need for research and development to deal with problems like adversarial attacks. Presently, the deep learning-driven AV systems do not have the explainability which complicates the safety-critical applications, hence the need to increase the resilience training and deepen the deep learning models against attacks. The paper goes through all the literature on AV cybersecurity which stresses the need for functional safety standards and cybersecurity engineering guidelines. Collaboration between the governments, the industry, and the researchers is a must to set the legal foundations and the technical details for the AV cybersecurity across all levels of automation. Finally, solid cybersecurity is the key to the success of the autonomous vehicle revolution, hence the road to transformative safety, efficiency, and sustainability is paved. INDEX TERMS: Autonomous vehicles, Cybersecurity, ISO 26262, Encryption methods, ISO 21434, EU regulations, Security and Privacy.

SPFS: SNR peak-based frequency selection method to alleviate resolution degradation in MPI real-time imaging

Objective. The primary objective of this study is to address the reconstruction time challenge in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) by introducing a novel approach named SNR-peak-based frequency selection (SPFS). The focus is on improving spatial resolution without compromising reconstruction speed, thereby enhancing the clinical potential of MPI for real-time imaging. Approach. To overcome the trade-off between reconstruction time and spatial resolution in MPI, the researchers propose SPFS as an innovative frequency selection method. Unlike conventional SNR-based selection, SPFS prioritizes frequencies with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) peaks that capture crucial system matrix information. This adaptability to varying quantities of selected frequencies enhances versatility in the reconstruction process. The study compares the spatial resolution of MPI reconstruction using both SNR-based and SPFS frequency selection methods, utilizing simulated and real device data. Main results. The research findings demonstrate that the SPFS approach substantially improves image resolution in MPI, especially when dealing with a limited number of frequency components. By focusing on SNR peaks associated with critical system matrix information, SPFS mitigates the spatial resolution degradation observed in conventional SNR-based selection methods. The study validates the effectiveness of SPFS through the assessment of MPI reconstruction spatial resolution using both simulated and real device data, highlighting its potential to address a critical limitation in the field. Significance. The introduction of SPFS represents a significant breakthrough in MPI technology. The method not only accelerates reconstruction time but also enhances spatial resolution, thus expanding the clinical potential of MPI for various applications. The improved real-time imaging capabilities of MPI, facilitated by SPFS, hold promise for advancements in drug delivery, plaque assessment, tumor treatment, cerebral perfusion evaluation, immunotherapy guidance, and in vivo cell tracking.

From Reality to Virtuality- An Analysis of Huawei's Evolving Brand Communication Strategy and Its Effects

Effectively promoting products poses a challenging task for every brand. This challenge arises not only from how to introduce and promote the products but also from how to shape the brand through them. A successful promotional strategy not only benefits the brand's marketing efforts but also contributes to building better public relations for the brand and the company. Many scholars have engaged in extensive discussions on this topic, focusing primarily on the selection of promotional strategies. However, there has been relatively little exploration regarding the transformation of brand promotion strategies and their effects. Huawei, after achieving some technological breakthroughs, released the Mate60 series of smartphones, accompanied by a noticeable shift in their product promotional strategies. This article takes the promotional strategies of Huawei's Mate50 and Mate60 series smartphones as examples and employs case study and comparative analysis methods to analyze the changes in their promotional video styles and the resulting impact.

Design Principles Guided by DFT Calculations and High-Throughput Frameworks for the Discovery of New Diamond-like Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Materials.

Rational design principles are one pathway to discovering new materials. However, technological breakthroughs rarely occur in this way because these design principles are usually based on incremental advances that seldom lead to disruptive applications. The emergence of machine-learning (ML) and high-throughput (HT) techniques has changed the paradigm, opening up new possibilities for efficiently screening large chemical spaces and creating on-the-fly design principles for the discovery of novel materials with desired properties. In this work, the approach is used to discover novel thermoelectric (TE) materials based on quaternary diamond-like chalcogenides. A HT framework that integrates density functional theory calculations, ML, and the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation is used to efficiently rationalize the transport properties of these compounds and identify those with potential as TE materials, achieving ZT values above 2.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ СТРАТЕГИЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО И НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РОССИИ

The XXI century is a time of breakthrough technologies and incredible innovations, which are the profession of tomorrow to create! Science has become a field where talented young people can find themselves and develop successfully. Today, Russia has set a course for an innovative breakthrough. The national project "Science and Universities" is being implemented in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 "On National Goals and Strategic Objectives for the Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024". and No. 474 dated July 21, 2020 "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030". Its key task is to train and support a new generation of scientists capable of making great discoveries. Within the framework of the national project "Science and Universities", significant funds are allocated to support scientists and create research centers with first-class conditions for research work. In addition, work is underway to improve the digital infrastructure, as well as create comfortable conditions for students, researchers and teachers.

Hydrogels with Ultrasound-Treated Hyaluronic Acid Regulate CD44-Mediated Angiogenic Potential of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

The development of hydrogels that allow vascular endothelial cells to form capillary-like networks is critical for advancing tissue engineering and drug discovery. In this study, we developed hydrogels composed of phenolated hyaluronic acid (HA-Ph) with an average molecular weight of 490-159 kDa via sonication in an aqueous solution. These hydrogels were synthesized by the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed crosslinking of phenol moieties in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and phenolated gelatin. The sonication-degraded HA-Ph (198 kDa) significantly enhanced the migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on cell culture plates when added to the medium compared to the original HA-Ph (490 kDa) and less-degraded HA-Ph (312-399 kDa). In addition, HUVECs cultured on these hydrogels formed networks that did not occur on hydrogels made from the original HA-Ph. CD44 expression and PI3K gene expression, both markers related to angiogenesis, were 3.5- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in cells cultured on sonication-degraded HA-Ph hydrogels than in those cultured on hydrogels comprising the original HA-Ph. These results highlight the potential of hydrogels containing sonication-degraded HA-Ph for tissue engineering and drug-screening applications involving human vascular endothelial cells.

Individual Understanding and Importance of Business Agility in the 21st Century

Objective: In an era of rapid technological development, unpredictable global events and ever-changing customer expectations, new competences have become more valuable for economic operators. Those who can adapt best to change are those who can be flexible, changeable and fast at the same time. These can be collectively referred to as agility and its economic counterpart as business agility. Business agility is not just a buzzword, it is a fundamental change in the way organisations operate and respond to the dynamic challenges of the modern marketplace. The pace of change has accelerated exponentially, driven by technological breakthroughs, market disruptions and unforeseen global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic or international war conflicts. Businesses must adapt to change and have the flexibility to adapt their strategies, products and services accordingly. Moreover, competition is no longer confined to traditional industry boundaries. New players can appear on the market overnight and can pose very significant risks to any business. The ability to adapt, innovate and react quickly to changing circumstances is a core competence that can determine the survival and prosperity of a company. The paper focuses on the understanding and importance of business agility. Method: The paper aims to introduce the subject under study through a secondary research based on a literature review. Following the secondary research, the results of the questionnaire survey will be presented. The questionnaire assessed aspects of agility and agile operations along closed, scaled questions. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results and conclusion: In this study we wanted to present an individual interpretation of agility. We were interested in the extent to which previous participation in economic and agile education influences the perception of agile criteria. The four cardinal domain statements presented in the survey and the impact of agility on them are not yet adequately assessed by the respondents. Due to the novelty of agility and misconceptions about it, it is not yet possible to clearly demonstrate the positive impact of this approach in Hungary, which is something that needs to change in the future. Research implications: The study can provide a good basis for understanding individual interpretations of agility. The results show that the concept itself is not yet embedded in everyday business thinking, which means that important steps are still to be taken, at least in the case of Hungary. Complex programmes to broaden our understanding would be important and necessary, challenging future education and providing a good basis for further research. Originality/value: The originality of the research lies in the fact that there have been no comprehensive studies and research on agility, on the human side of agile thinking. In this field, the study aims to serve as a thought-provoking tool, establishing the importance of the topic and the need for further research, which is particularly relevant for organisations and individuals in the rapidly changing and challenging world of the 21st century.

AI in Transportation: Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Transportation for Automate Vehicle Tracking Systems

This research paper delves into the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) within transportation tracking systems, spotlighting its profound impact on the industry. With the transportation landscape continually evolving, the integration of AI-powered automation in tracking processes heralds a paradigm shift in how vehicles are monitored and managed. Through a meticulous examination of cutting-edge techniques, persistent challenges, and notable benefits, this paper unveils the pivotal role of AI in optimizing operational efficiency, elevating tracking accuracy, and fortifying safety standards across transportation networks. Real-world case studies and technological breakthroughs are scrutinized, offering concrete illustrations of AI's capacity to reshape tracking systems. These examples underscore the diverse possibilities AI presents, from predictive analytics to dynamic routing algorithms. As AI's capabilities are harnessed, the transportation sector stands poised for a future defined by seamless, effective, and intelligent tracking solutions, fostering enhanced reliability and agility in the face of evolving demands.

A hybrid forecasting architecture for air passenger demand considering search engine data and spatial effect

As the global process of digitalization accelerates and breakthroughs in internet technology emerge, governments worldwide are advocating for data-driven decision-making, aiming to enhance public service efficiency and stimulate economic growth. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on utilizing search engine data (SED) to improve air passenger demand forecasting, responding to national policies aimed at enhancing data analysis capabilities and promoting the development of intelligent transportation systems; however, the existing research is confined to the exploration of the temporal dependency between SED and air passenger demand variables with ignoring the spatial dependency. In order to eliminate this blind spot and catch from various parts of tourist attention, this study proposes a novel SED-driven hybrid forecasting architecture inspired by the theory of spatial effect between adjacent tourist destinations. The architecture includes three main steps: (1) construction of spatial-temporal SED variables, based on two-stage data preprocessing method; (2) variable decomposition and reconstruction, based on TVF-EMD algorithm; (3) prediction of different components of air passenger demand, employed ARIMA model and IHGS-KELM based multi-model fusion strategy respectively, where the IHGS algorithm integrates the circle chaos initialization strategy and the nonlinear convergence factor strategy. To confirm the practical applicability of this hybrid architecture, five comparative experiments based on the actual dataset are designed. The principal results are concluded as follows: (1) spatial-temporal SED is conducive to a fairly accurate air passenger demand forecasting; (2) the multi-model fusion strategy can integrate the fortes of various types of prediction models to obtain better prediction accuracy; (3) the adaptive ensemble method based on IHGS-KELM can contribute to the upgradation of prediction performance of air passenger demand.

Prospects for the computational humanization of antibodies and nanobodies.

To be viable therapeutics, antibodies must be tolerated by the human immune system. Rational approaches to reduce the risk of unwanted immunogenicity involve maximizing the 'humanness' of the candidate drug. However, despite the emergence of new discovery technologies, many of which start from entirely human gene fragments, most antibody therapeutics continue to be derived from non-human sources with concomitant humanization to increase their human compatibility. Early experimental humanization strategies that focus on CDR loop grafting onto human frameworks have been critical to the dominance of this discovery route but do not consider the context of each antibody sequence, impacting their success rate. Other challenges include the simultaneous optimization of other drug-like properties alongside humanness and the humanization of fundamentally non-human modalities such as nanobodies. Significant efforts have been made to develop in silico methodologies able to address these issues, most recently incorporating machine learning techniques. Here, we outline these recent advancements in antibody and nanobody humanization, focusing on computational strategies that make use of the increasing volume of sequence and structural data available and the validation of these tools. We highlight that structural distinctions between antibodies and nanobodies make the application of antibody-focused in silico tools to nanobody humanization non-trivial. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of humanizing mutations on other essential drug-like properties such as binding affinity and developability, and methods that aim to tackle this multi-parameter optimization problem.

Research on Manufacturing Industry and Key Core Technology Breakthroughs

This project mainly studies how China's manufacturing industry can effectively coordinate with government, industry, academia, and research in the context of the traditional global trade system, in order to achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies and modernization of the supply chain. Focusing on the collaborative efficiency of manufacturing enterprises among multiple entities including government, industry, and enterprises, as well as the impact of various capabilities such as industrial agglomeration, capital investment, and institutional construction on key core technology breakthroughs. Secondly, further analyze the current innovation situation in China, taking into account the impact of the innovation environment on achieving innovation breakthroughs in the manufacturing and related industries. Furthermore, based on the relevant cases of key core technology innovation breakthroughs achieved by excellent enterprises in China and existing experience and theories, analyze and summarize new ideas. Finally, summarize the relationship between government, industry, academia, research, and enterprises in achieving key core breakthrough capabilities, as well as the mechanism of synergistic effects among various entities, and propose relevant suggestions based on the results.

Nanotechnology - An advanced dental innovation

Researchers are interested in exploring the possible uses and advantages of nanotechnology compared to traditional materials, particularly in the domains of dentistry and medicine. The study and creation of materials, tools, systems with distinct biological, chemical, physical characteristics from those found in larger system is known as nanotechnology. Numerous advancements and improvement in oral disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are possible because of nanotechnology. Recent Nano - technology breakthrough developments in dentistry are progressively providing a viable therapeutic option for a wide range of dental problems. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview role of nanotechnology in dentistry, as well as to evaluate its application in the prevention and treatment of oral disorders, along with providing crucial new updates on the various nanotechnology – based techniques for dental disease management. The current review will also assist the reader in comprehending Nano science, as well as its benefits and drawbacks, by discussing its ethical, social, and health consequences. In addition, Nano -applications in dental diagnostics and their function in dentistry will be discussed.