Performance Assessment Techniques Research Articles

Nutrient recovery from swine wastewater at full-scale: An integrated technical, economic and environmental feasibility assessment

In this study, the technical, economic and environmental attributes of a full-scale nutrient recovery process connected to the centralized swine wastewater treatment facility (CSWTF) were evaluated. The performance of the process was assessed by introducing influent to the recovery reactor from different components of the CSWTF such as sedimentation tank (swine wastewater) and biological treatment reactor (biologically oxidized material and supernatant of the biologically oxidized material). The results of technical performance assessment revealed that the O–P recovery (87.1–90.7%) and NH4–N removal (66.9–72.1%) efficiencies from the influent of biological treatment reactor were significantly higher than the influent from sedimentation tank (81.7 and 19.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). The economic evaluation elucidated that by increasing the treatment capacity of the recovery reactor from 30 m3/d to 100 m3/d, operating expenses could be covered through the commercialization of struvite, while it would take around seven years to get back the capital investment. Additional economic savings could also be possible when using the recovered struvite as a fertilizer raw material along with other environmental benefits. Considering the current farming practices in Korea, the complete recovery of O–P from CSWTFs as struvite could drop the soil phosphorus surplus by 40%, minimize the phosphatic fertilizer consumption by 6.4% and ultimately reduce CO2 equivalent emissions of 6522 tons/year in comparison to chemical fertilizer production. However, during the continuous operation of the full-scale nutrient recovery process, influent characteristics need to be incessantly monitored and adjusted to the optimum conditions to improve the economics of recovered products. Overall, the nutrient recovery process at full-scale not only solves the problem of treating highly polluted swine wastewater but also helps to ensure societal and environmental sustainability.

Supply Chain Viability and the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual and formal generalisation of four major adaptation strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged supply chains (SC) on an unprecedented scale testing viability and adaptation under severe uncertainty. However, the literature on the adaptation strategies and quantification of their impacts is still scarce. Mixing literature analysis, case study approach, and quantitative techniques for performance assessment under disruptions, our study generalises four adaptations strategies – intertwining, scalability, substitution, and repurposing – to maintain SC viability when facing a pandemic, and offers a model to analyse and quantify deployment and impact of adaptation. First, we analyse the recent literature and identify some of the general characteristics of adaptation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. We then describe case studies to illustrate the practical context and supplement the literature analysis in order to derive relevant determinants for building of a conceptual framework and construction of a formal model. In the conceptual framework, we show how the adaptation strategies can be aligned with the SC viability, encompassing the levels of the ecosystem, network, and resources. In the generalised model, we formalise the impacts and efforts in deploying and assessing the adaptation strategies as both a process and an outcome. We close by proposing some open research questions and outline several future research directions.

Tools for Assessing the Performance of Pediatric Perioperative Teams During Simulated Crises: A Psychometric Analysis of Clinician Raters' Scores.

The pediatric perioperative setting is a dynamic clinical environment where multidisciplinary interprofessional teams interact to deliver complex care to patients. This environment requires clinical teams to possess high levels of complex technical and nontechnical skills. For perioperative teams to identify and maintain clinical competency, well-developed and easy-to-use measures of competency are needed. Tools for measuring the technical and nontechnical performance of perioperative teams were developed and/or identified, and a group of raters were trained to use the instruments. The trained raters used the tools to assess pediatric teams managing simulated emergencies. A psychometric analysis of the trained raters' scores using the different instruments was performed and the agreement between the trained raters' scores and a reference score was determined. Five raters were trained and scored 96 recordings of perioperative teams managing simulated emergencies. Scores from both technical skills assessment tools demonstrated significant reliability within and between ratings with the scenario-specific performance checklist tool demonstrating greater interrater agreement than scores from the global rating scale. Scores from both technical skills assessment tools correlated well with the other and with the reference standard scores. Scores from the Team Emergency Assessment Measure nontechnical assessment tool were more reliable within and between raters and correlated better with the reference standard than scores from the BARS tool. The clinicians trained in this study were able to use the technical performance assessment tools with reliable results that correlated well with reference scores. There was more variability between the raters' scores and less correlation with the reference standard when the raters used the nontechnical assessment tools. The global rating scale used in this study was able to measure the performance of teams across a variety of scenarios and may be generalizable for assessing teams in other clinical scenarios. The Team Emergency Assessment Measure tool demonstrated reliable measures when used to assess interprofessional perioperative teams in this study.

A Comprehensive Review on NSGA-II for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization Problems

This paper provides an extensive review of the popular multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II for selected combinatorial optimization problems viz. assignment problem, allocation problem, travelling salesman problem, vehicle routing problem, scheduling problem, and knapsack problem. It is identified that based on the manner in which NSGA-II has been implemented for solving the aforementioned group of problems, there can be three categories: Conventional NSGA-II, where the authors have implemented the basic version of NSGA-II, without making any changes in the operators; the second one is Modified NSGA-II, where the researchers have implemented NSGA-II after making some changes into it and finally, Hybrid NSGA-II variants, where the researchers have hybridized the conventional and modified NSGA-II with some other technique. The article analyses the modifications in NSGA-II and also discusses the various performance assessment techniques used by the researchers, i.e., test instances, performance metrics, statistical tests, case studies, benchmarking with other state-of-the-art algorithms. Additionally, the paper also provides a brief bibliometric analysis based on the work done in this study.

Comparative Assessment of Digital Pathology Systems for Primary Diagnosis

Background: Despite increasing interest in whole-slide imaging (WSI) over optical microscopy (OM), limited information on comparative assessment of various digital pathology systems (DPSs) is available. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive evaluation was undertaken to investigate the technical performance–assessment and diagnostic accuracy of four DPSs with an objective to establish the noninferiority of WSI over OM and find out the best possible DPS for clinical workflow. Results: A total of 2376 digital images, 15,775 image reads (OM - 3171 + WSI - 12,404), and 6100 diagnostic reads (OM - 1245, WSI - 4855) were generated across four DPSs (coded as DPS: 1, 2, 3, and 4) using a total 240 cases (604 slides). Onsite technical evaluation revealed successful scan rate: DPS3 < DPS2 < DPS4 < DPS1; mean scanning time: DPS4 < DPS1 < DPS2 < DPS3; and average storage space: DPS3 < DPS2 < DPS1 < DPS4. Overall diagnostic accuracy, when compared with the reference standard for OM and WSI, was 95.44% (including 2.48% minor and 2.08% major discordances) and 93.32% (including 4.28% minor and 2.4% major discordances), respectively. The difference between the clinically significant discordances by WSI versus OM was 0.32%. Major discordances were observed mostly using DPS4 and least in DPS1; however, the difference was statistically insignificant. Almost perfect (Κ ≥ 0.8)/substantial (Κ = 0.6–0.8) inter/intra-observer agreement between WSI and OM was observed for all specimen types, except cytology. Overall image quality was best for DPS1 followed by DPS4. Mean digital artifact rate was 6.8% (163/2376 digital images) and maximum artifacts were noted in DPS2 (n = 77) followed by DPS3 (n = 36). Most pathologists preferred viewing software of DPS1 and DPS2. Conclusion: WSI was noninferior to OM for all specimen types, except for cytology. Each DPS has its own pros and cons; however, DPS1 closely emulated the real-world clinical environment. This evaluation is intended to provide a roadmap to pathologists for the selection of the appropriate DPSs while adopting WSI.

Performance assessment of multivariate process using time delay matrix

Researchers keep trying to find a way to reduce the requirement knowledge of Multivariate Process for performance assessments. Till now, the knowledge of interactor matrix or first several Markov parameter matrices are at least required to obtain the minimum variance benchmark in the performance assessment of Multivariate Process. In this paper, a novel minimum variance performance assessment technique is proposed for multivariate processes. Under the condition that the time delay indicator matrix can be written as row echelon form by row or/and column shift operations, the delay order is determined and the minimum variance (MV) benchmark can be straightforward obtained when the knowledge of time delay matrix is available. Comparing with the traditional approaches, the first several Markov parameter matrices and the knowledge of the plant are both not necessary required based on the proposed technique. It has been proved that the proposed technique can directly solve the problem of the performance assessment of Multivariate Process. The validity of the proposed algorithm will be verified through numerical examples, which include the practical industrial model - ‘Shell’ oil fractionator process.

Expert Consensus Recommendations for Robotic Surgery Credentialing.

To define criteria for robotic credentialing using expert consensus. A recent review of institutional robotic credentialing policies identified significant variability and determined current policies are largely inadequate to ensure surgeon proficiency and may threaten patient safety. Twenty-eight national robotic surgery experts were invited to participate in a consensus conference. After review of available institutional policies and discussion, the group developed a 91 proposed criteria. Using a modified Delphi process the experts were asked to indicate their agreement with the proposed criteria in three electronic survey rounds after the conference. Criteria that achieved 80% or more in agreement (consensus) in all rounds were included in the final list. All experts agreed that there is a need for standardized robotic surgery credentialing criteria across institutions that promote surgeon proficiency. Forty-nine items reached consensus in the first round, 19 in the second, and 8 in the third for a total of 76 final items. Experts agreed that privileges should be granted based on video review of surgical performance and attainment of clearly defined objective proficiency benchmarks. Parameters for ongoing outcome monitoring were determined and recommendations for technical skills training, proctoring, and performance assessment were defined. Using a systematic approach, detailed credentialing criteria for robotic surgery were defined. implementation of these criteria uniformly across institutions will promote proficiency of robotic surgeons and has the potential to positively impact patient outcomes.

Performance Management and Employee Productivity - A Study on the Banking Sector of Pakistan

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of performance management mechanisms upon worker efficiency or productivity in the banking sector of Karachi. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative approach is perceived to be an ideal technique to be employed for this research study. The size of the sample for the research paper is 252. SPSS software is being used to scrutinize the statistics or information composed through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics &amp; multiple regression analysis are being used to measure the influence of performance management on worker productivity in the context of the banking industry in Pakistan Findings: The outcomes of the study reveals that Pakistani banks must appraise their workers often by means of targets, organizational objectives, accomplishments, efficiency, and time management for the purposes of act assessment as it will result in enhanced the intensity of worker efficiency. Moreover, the research asserts that timely feedback and training sessions will also result in enhanced work performance and increased efficiency. The research also demonstrated that effectual compensation administration has a favorable bearing on worker productivity. Implications/Originality/Value: The study recommends that in order to improve the working &amp; the employee efficiency, several techniques of performance assessment must be imposed by the banks operating in the country to enable workers’ participation in target setting &amp; comprehend the part of duty so as to additionally enhance the organizational productivity. Employers should involve their workers in positive feedback and inspire them verbally from time to time. The study further recommends that Pakistani banks are required to involve their workers in well-organized and regular training to upgrade and advance the knowledge and skills of the staff. Such training sessions can be conducted on monthly basis. Finally, the banking sector in Pakistan also needs to inspire and motivate the workers by compensating them in relative to their past attempts since this has been proved to enhance worker output or efficiency

Estimating surface temperature from thermal imagery of buildings for accurate thermal transmittance (U-value): A machine learning perspective

Thermal performance assessment of building(s) is an essential process for optimal energy management, heat-loss evaluation, and energy audit applications. Such an assessment can help foresee the requirements for future intervention(s) and aid in benchmarking energy performance. This paper provides a review of several thermal performance assessment techniques and a broad classification based on measurement types, methods, and applications. Moreover, the article provides a comprehensive survey of various quantitative indices utilized for practical heat-loss assessment of building elements. This paper’s unique contribution is the proposed three-layer framework that details the handling and processing of UAS-based thermal imagery for heat loss quantification. Primarily, the novelty of this work lies in the application of an instance segmentation technique (Mask R–CNN) to compute the thermal transmittance values (e.g., U-values) for various objects (e.g., doors, walls, windows, and facades). To the best of our knowledge, this research work is first-of-its-kind using a sizeable thermal data repository (e.g. 100,000 augmented images). Multiple standard U-values are analyzed for windows and walls and compared with The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) building standards. The preliminary results of Mask-RCNN from over 100,000 trained (including augmented) images from multiple campus buildings yield the following performance metrics: 1) provides an Average Precision (AP) of 0.67 (windows) and 0.46 (facades); and 2) Intersection of Union (IoU) of 0.05 (windows) and 0.5 (facades) respectively. Moreover, the U-values are consistently close enough to the ASHRAE standards in distinguishing window types (e.g. 0.77 for single-pane windows and 0.38 for double-pane windows).

The Effect of Surgical Video on Resident Performance of Carpal Tunnel Release: A Cadaveric Simulation-Based, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Pilot Study.

Surgical videos are increasingly common, although their role in residency curricula remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational surgical video on resident performance of an open carpal tunnel release through an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills and serial questionnaires. Twenty-two residents representing six postgraduate years were randomized to receive text-based materials with or without a surgical video before performing a carpal tunnel release on human cadavers. Procedures were video recorded, anonymized, and independently evaluated by three hand surgeons using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills global rating scale, a procedure-specific technical rating scale, a record of operative errors, and pass/fail designation. Residents completed questionnaires before and after the procedure to track confidence in their technical skills. Residents in their first and second postgraduate years (n = 10) who watched the surgical video committed fewer operative errors (median, 4 versus 1.3; p = 0.043) and were more confident in their abilities following the procedure (median, 75 versus 32; p = 0.043) than those receiving text resources alone. There were no significant differences in Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills performance or questionnaire responses among more senior residents (n = 12). The technical rating scale was internally consistent (Cronbach α = 0.95; 95 percent CI, 0.91 to 0.98), reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.73; 95 percent CI, 0.40 to 0.88), and correlated with surgical experience (Spearman ρ = 0.57; p = 0.006). Watching an educational surgical video to prepare for a cadaveric procedure significantly reduced operative errors and improved confidence among junior trainees performing a carpal tunnel release.

Procedural tool for analysing building energy performance: structural equation modelling protocol

Building energy performance assessment technique has become a new paradigm that plays a significant part in reducing world energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. However, there exists a global proliferation of diverse models for assessing and benchmarking buildings. This paper proposes a single building energy performance assessment model that considered several factors that affect office building energy efficiency performances in two different countries. It aimed to develop a model that could identify building energy performance critical factors as a new technique for aggregating energy efficiency metrics for commercial buildings. It examined the relationship and interdependency between the variables as it affects buildings’ performance as a basis for developing its theoretical model. Survey questions were derived from variables obtained from the existing literature using this theoretical paper proposition. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data from occupants of office buildings in Nigeria and the UK. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling via confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the explanatory power of the measured variables and their constructs. The results identified management, strategic and operational issues as critical factors that affect building energy performance in both countries. It confirmed the relationships and interdependency of the study factors and developed a new strategy that gives them proper considerations in the operations and management of building energy. Data collected support the theoretical model, and the measurement model fits into the conceptual model. The model gives a quantitative approach that identified critical factors for improving energy management and auditing efficiency of buildings.

European TBM programme: First elements of RoX and technical performance assessment for DEMO breeding blankets

Abstract The strategy for the development of the European DEMO Breeding Blanket (BB) and the TBM (Test Blanket Module) Programme have been recently realigned with the objective to mitigate the risks associated with the development of tritium breeding and power extraction technologies in a DEMO Fusion Plant. In such a context, a clear definition of the key technical requirements of the DEMO Breeding Blanket (BB) is essential not only to drive a consistent BB design but also to allow the TBM Programme to provide its contribution to the preliminary demonstration of compliance with those requirements. Such contribution is substantiated through all phases of the TBM Programme life cycle, from the TBS (Test Blanket System) conceptual design up to its installation in ITER, operation and final dismantling. After a recall of the status of development of the European BB DEMO and TBM Programme, the paper describes the strategy and the status of the activities for the preliminary demonstration of compliance with a selected group of DEMO BB requirements. Through the elements given in this paper it is highlighted the importance to have a continuous and strict connection between the DEMO BB development and the execution of the TBM Programme.

Performance Assessment Techniques of Liver Fibrosis Non-invasive Diagnostic Methods in an Approach without a “Gold” Standard: Saying Goodbye to Liver Biopsy?

Aims: 1. To evaluate the applicability of The Expert Assessment (EA) based on the algorithm developed by the authors in performance assessment of transient elastography by M-probe (TE-M) and XL-probe (TE-XL), Fibrotest® (FT), shear wave elastography (SWE) and liver biopsy (LB) in fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in an approach without a «gold» standard; 2. To evaluate the quality of the proposed model (EA efficacy) in comparison with the results of the Rasch Model (MR) being an extension of the Latent Variable Analysis.Material and methods. Using the five studied diagnostic methods liver fibrosis staging was performed in chronic hepatitis C patients. Based on the algorithm developed EA was applied to each patient of the cohort and as a result fibrosis stage was established. That fibrosis stage considered a virtual reference. Sensitivity and specificity estimation as well as AUC calculation for studied methods was performed against the reference standard. The quality of the model (EA efficacy) estimated in the Rasch Model (MR) being an extension of the Latent Variable Analysis.Results. 99 patients with reliable results of each of the five diagnostic methods were included into the study. The main characteristics of the cohort were: 59.6% individuals of male gender, average age of 37 years (21–63), median BMI of 25.8 kg / m2. As per the results of the EA in detecting of mild fibrosis (F1), the values of AUC, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively: 0,972; 94,3; 91,3 for TE-M; 0,964; 90,6; 91,3 for TE-XL; 0,806; 81,1; 73,9 for FT; 0,907; 88,7; 71,7 for SWE; 0,832; 92,5; 37,0 for LB. In detecting of moderate fibrosis (F2), the appropriate values were: 0,981; 93,8; 94,0 for TE-M; 0,967; 90,6; 97,0 for TE-XL; 0,873; 75,0; 80,6 for FT; 0,957; 84,4; 91,0 for SWE; 0,937; 90,6; 94,0 for LB. In detecting of significant fibrosis (F3), the corresponding values were: 0,994; 95,5; 96,1 for TE-M; 0,987; 90,9; 97,4 for TE-XL; 0,870; 63,6; 84,4 for FT; 0,961; 86,4; 97,4 for SWE; 0,990; 90,9; 98,7 for LB. In detecting cirrhosis (F4), the appropriate values were: 0,995; 92,3; 97,7 for TE-M; 0,994; 100,0; 98,8 for TE-XL; 0,874; 38,5; 93,0 for FT; 0,996; 92,3; 100,0 for SWE; 0,964; 69,2; 100,0 for LB. The EA was shown to have high degree of consistency (correlation coefficient = 0,923; p &lt;0,05) when compared to the MR.Conclusion. The EA was shown as a highly informative approach, applicable for performance assessment of the diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis staging without using LB as the “gold” standard. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated higher diagnostic characteristics with changing the standard from the traditional (LB) to virtual (EA). The high degree of consistency of the results of EA and MR confirm the high quality of the algorithm developed by the authors.

Effect of the projection time frame on the techniques for assessment of energy security performance

The paper studies the problem of overall assessment of energy sector development options from the standpoint of meeting energy security requirements. It is shown that as the projection time frame extends further into the future, its economic component gains in importance on a par with integral indicators descriptive of strategic threats to and sustainability of energy systems development. Methodological approaches to assessment of these indicators are proposed.

Quantitative assessment of technical performance during hands-on surgical training of the arterial switch operation using 3-dimensional printed heart models

ObjectiveData supporting the use of hands-on simulation in congenital heart surgery are promising but primarily qualitative. This study aimed to demonstrate if there was an objective improvement in time and technical performance of the arterial switch procedure on 3-dimensional printed heart models by surgeons using a validated assessment method. MethodsA total of 30 surgeons of varying experience performed the arterial switch procedure twice on 3-dimensional printed models with transposition of the great arteries during the Hands-on Surgical Training courses. Surgeons' performances were recorded and retrospectively assessed for both time and performance using the Hands-on Surgical Training-Congenital Heart Surgery tool, a validated procedure-specific assessment tool for the arterial switch. ResultsA total of 60 videos were scored. Eighty percent of surgeons (24/30) had improved from their first attempt. The mean total score of the first attempt performance compared with the second was 103 and 120, respectively, with a mean difference in score of 17 (95% confidence interval, 10-24). All surgeons were statistically significantly quicker in their second attempt. The mean time for the first attempt compared with the second was 1 hour, 28 minutes, 4 seconds and 1 hour, 5 minutes, and 45 seconds, respectively, with a mean difference of 0 hours, 22 minutes, 19 seconds (95% confidence interval, 0 hours, 15 minutes, 22 seconds to 0 hours, 25 minutes, 34 seconds). ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate an objective improvement in time and technical performance of the arterial switch procedure on 3-dimensional printed heart models. This supports the evidence that simulation in the form of deliberate practice with constructive, objective feedback is fundamental in the training of future congenital heart surgeons. These simulations and assessments should be incorporated to create structured, standardized training curricula within congenital heart surgery.

Detailed Evaluation of Data Analysis Tools for Subtyping of Bacterial Isolates Based on Whole Genome Sequencing: Neisseria meningitidis as a Proof of Concept.

Whole genome sequencing is increasingly recognized as the most informative approach for characterization of bacterial isolates. Success of the routine use of this technology in public health laboratories depends on the availability of well-characterized and verified data analysis methods. However, multiple subtyping workflows are now often being used for a single organism, and differences between them are not always well described. Moreover, methodologies for comparison of subtyping workflows, and assessment of their performance are only beginning to emerge. Current work focuses on the detailed comparison of WGS-based subtyping workflows and evaluation of their suitability for the organism and the research context in question. We evaluated the performance of pipelines used for subtyping of Neisseria meningitidis, including the currently widely applied cgMLST approach and different SNP-based methods. In addition, the impact of the use of different tools for detection and filtering of recombinant regions and of different reference genomes were tested. Our benchmarking analysis included both assessment of technical performance of the pipelines and functional comparison of the generated genetic distance matrices and phylogenetic trees. It was carried out using replicate sequencing datasets of high- and low-coverage, consisting mainly of isolates belonging to the clonal complex 269. We demonstrated that cgMLST and some of the SNP-based subtyping workflows showed very good performance characteristics and highly similar genetic distance matrices and phylogenetic trees with isolates belonging to the same clonal complex. However, only two of the tested workflows demonstrated reproducible results for a group of more closely related isolates. Additionally, results of the SNP-based subtyping workflows were to some level dependent on the reference genome used. Interestingly, the use of recombination-filtering software generally reduced the similarity between the gene-by-gene and SNP-based methodologies for subtyping of N. meningitidis. Our study, where N. meningitidis was taken as an example, clearly highlights the need for more benchmarking comparative studies to eventually contribute to a justified use of a specific WGS data analysis workflow within an international public health laboratory context.

Applying Trajectory Tracking and Positioning Techniques for Real-time Autonomous Flight Performance Assessment of UAV Systems

This research presents a Performance Visualized Assessment (PVA) archetype via which the performance of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drone framework can be scrutinized and evaluated. The PVA is a performance-based assessment method that appropriately fits in assessing the flight point of the UAV in an indoor situation and outside the requirement of GPS aid. The PVA prototype came up with is comprised of Visualized Mission Grid (VMG) and Chi-square (CSI) modules. The VMG maps viewable field information of the surrounding including the situation of the route mission. In addition, the utilization of restriction and optical stream indoor direction monitoring and trailing is used in the CSI. The PVA follows and evaluates the execution of the UAV autonomous operations by checking and envisioning the direction and the UAV action amid route missions. The implementation outcomes demonstrate that the PVA is able to precisely assess and envision the execution quality of three aerial missions.

PD27-10 SURGICAL PERFORMANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF FUNCTIONAL AND ONCOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN ROBOTIC PROSTATECTOMY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Objective assessments of surgical technical performance have been identified as a novel measure of surgical quality across multiple procedures. This study aimed to inves...

Development of the TeamOBS-PPH: Targeting Clinical Performance in Postpartum Hemorrhage

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:677–687) The most frequent cause of maternal death worldwide is major postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss of 1000 mL or more within 24 hours of delivery. If a clinical team performs well, the risk of maternal death from PPH can be significantly reduced. Previous studies of PPH management have focused primarily on assessment of outcome, nontechnical performance, and technical performance. There is a paucity of literature, however, on the evaluation of clinical performance during PPH, which assesses the quality of the actual patient care provided. This study aimed to develop a tool for the assessment of clinical performance during PPH and to evaluate the reliability and validity of that tool using video recordings of PPH management of obstetric teams in both real-life situations and simulations.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of Mathematics in fourth grade students of SD Negeri Jatipulo 06 Jakarta through the application of authentic assessment. The type of research used in this study is classroom action research, which consists of three cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of action planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection. The action taken in this study is to carry out mathematics learning through discovery learning with the application of authentic assessments which include performance evaluation, attitude assessment through observation, self-assessment, product assessment, assignments and written tests. The results of the study show that the application of authentic assessments to mathematics learning can improve the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SD Negeri Jatipulo 06 Jakarta. The application of authentic assessment in the first cycle through performance assessment, attitude assessment and assignment resulted in an increase in mathematics learning outcomes with a percentage of KKM achievement of 42,42%, in the second cycle by applying performance assessment techniques, attitude assessment, self-assessment and assignment to increase students who achieved KKM became 60,61% and in the third cycle applied performance appraisal, attitude assessment, self-assessment, product assessment and assignment of increasing the number of students who reached KKM to 75,76%.