Development Of Technical Skills Research Articles

Perceptions and Guiding Strategies to Regulate Entrusted Autonomy of Residents in the Operating Room: A Systematic Literature Review

To provide a systematic literature review of intraoperative entrusted autonomy for surgical residents. Specifically, perceptions from residents and supervising surgeons, supervising behavior and influencing factors on intraoperative teaching and learning are analyzed. Increasing demands on surgical training and the need for effective development of technical skills, amplify the importance of making the most of intraoperative teaching and learning opportunities in the operating room. It is critical for residents to gain the greatest benefit from every surgical case and to achieve operative competence. A systematic literature search identified 921 articles from 2000 to 2022 that addressed surgical education/training, intraoperative supervision/teaching, autonomy and entrustment. 40 studies with heterogeneous designs and methodologies were included. Four themes were established in the analysis: patient safety, learner, learning environment and supervising surgeon. The patient is identified as the primary responsibility during intraoperative teaching and learning. Supervisors continuously guard patient safety as well as the resident's learning process. Ideal intraoperative learning occurs when the resident has optimal entrusted autonomy during the procedure matching with the current surgical skills level. A safe learning environment with dedicated time for learning are prerequisites for both supervising surgeons and residents. Supervising surgeons' own preferences and confidence levels also play an important role. This systematic literature review identifies patient safety as the overriding principle for supervising surgeons when regulating residents' entrusted autonomy. When the supervisor's responsibility toward the patient has been met, there is room for intraoperative teaching and learning. In this process the learner, the learning environment and the supervising surgeon's own preferences all intertwine, creating a triangular responsibility. This review outlines the challenge of establishing an equilibrium in this triangle and the broad arsenal of strategies supervising surgeons use to keep it in balance.

Technical agriculture skills teachers need to teach courses in the animal systems pathway

Fundamentally, agricultural teacher education programs and their faculty are tasked with preparing competent teachers capable of teaching students enrolled in public schools. As part of their design, an important facet of these programs is ensuring pre-service teachers are ready to provide educational opportunities in aspects of school-based agricultural education (SBAE), including teaching technical agriculture skills to students. We used a three-round Delphi technique to identify the technical agriculture skills SBAE teachers in Illinois and Iowa need to effectively teach courses in the Animal Systems pathway within the broader Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Career Cluster. Thirty-four SBAE teachers who were nominated by state-level SBAE leaders and other SBAE teachers in their states contributed data for our study. Twenty-two teachers participated in all three rounds. In total, we identified 35 technical agriculture skill items. To help ensure teachers are competent and prepared to teach courses in the Animal Systems pathway, we outline several approaches agricultural teacher educators should contemplate: (1) facilitating opportunities to foster technical agriculture skill development within agricultural teacher education programs, (2) collaborating with agricultural faculty who teach technical agriculture courses to pre-service teachers, and (3) using our list of 35 skills to facilitate future scholarly investigation on the topic. While not generalizable beyond the SBAE teachers in these two states, we do believe our findings have value for SBAE stakeholders. To overcome the limitation of generalizability and to delve deeper into teachers’ technical agriculture skill needs, we suggest that our study be replicated in other states.

Modern Teaching Methods in Action in Statistics Classes in West Bengal

The overall research study has focused on the current teaching methods in the statistics domain in the Indian state of West Bengal. Different teaching styles have been evaluated in this study along with existing gaps in the current teaching method. It has been observed that traditional teaching method is still practiced by teachers and professors in WB. However, the participants accepted that “project-based learning” can be more effective in terms of technical skill development. In addition, teachers should move forward from lecture-based classes to active learning techniques that can optimise students' engagement and the standard of learning. In this study, it has been founded that the usage of modern teaching approaches primarily leads to knowledge-based application that depends on both students and educators so that their time can be utilized effectively.

Devising a cyber security management module through integrated course design

ABSTRACT Cyber security is a growing area of international importance, with shortages present for cyber security skills. While many universities have introduced degree programmes for cyber security, the major focus of these programmes is on the development of technical skills with some reports indicating how graduates of these courses lack in softer skills and business acumen. However, cyber security management is a topic area where students can develop such skills. This paper presents the pedagogical and assessment approaches used for cyber security management education, and presents a case study of developing a ‘Cyber Security Management’ module of study through utilising Finks’ Integrated Course Design. This paper presents the findings that active learning approaches are effective methods for teaching this subject area, which include the use of decision-making scenario tasks, group projects, and tasking students with conducting a management report for a real company, where they should conduct interviews with the organisation.

Drawing a "Perfect Circle": How Clinicians Can Become Better Communicators.

SYNOPSIS: Despite the importance of communication in person-focused care, biomedical knowledge and technical skill development are often prioritized in physical therapy education. As clinicians and educators, we contend that mindfulness and reflection nurture effective communication approaches and support physical therapists in navigating the complexity and uncertainty that comprise most clinical interactions. We suggest that clinicians be mindful of the self, the patient, and the context when interacting with patients. Although being mindful cultivates awareness and curiosity, being reflective is an active practice that can be used while deliberating about the right thing to do or say in a particular situation. In this Viewpoint, we offer clinicians and educators suggestions for engaging in mindful and reflective practices. Through the contemplative practices of mindfulness and reflection, clinicians can better cultivate their communication expertise and good practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(10):579-584. Epub: 8 September 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11917.

Surgical Rehabilitation for Research Residents: A Pilot Program to Offset Surgical Skill Decay

Select general surgery residents in the surgeon-scientist pipeline dedicate time away from clinical residency to conduct research. However, these research residents (RR) are vulnerable to operative skill decay. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of implementation and impact of an organized intervention designed to combat skill decay experienced by RR. RR were enrolled in a pilot Surgical Rehabilitation Program (SRP). The SRP is comprised of 12 cadaver-based simulation sessions and supplemented with Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery-based simulation workouts. The RR were integrated with the clinical residents (CR) during the cadaver sessions and were subsequently performance tested, surveyed, and interviewed. One academic general surgery residency program graduating 8 chief residents yearly in New York. General surgery CR and residents on dedicated research years. Data were collected for all local RR (n = 8) and 77% (n = 37) of CR. Local RR conducted research within the same health system that sponsors the residency. RR experienced gaps in training ranging from 2 to 4 years. All RR were permitted to moonlight on surgical services, however performed 0 operations and only 0.88 procedures on average per shift. Although RR performed similarly to level-matched CR on basic laparoscopic tasks, they required significantly more time on laparoscopic suturing-based skills than CR (p < 0.001). RR had significantly lower confidence levels precadaver sessions but gained confidence postcadaver sessions (p < 0.05), whereas CR confidence was unchanged. Regarding the SRP, qualitative interviews revealed major themes emphasizing the integration of RR, exposure to CR and faculty, technical skill development, maintenance of surgical know-how, and improved confidence for RR. The implementation of such structured interventions, like our SRP, aimed at supporting RR over gap years is essential to help residents maintain skills and confidence needed to achieve their goals of becoming surgeon scientists.

Entrepreneurship education in the era of generative artificial intelligence

Generative artificial intelligence has seen fast paced developments, with it being utilised in numerous contexts, including both entrepreneurship and education. This has led to calls to integrate generative artificial intelligence into entrepreneurship education, to help prepare students to take advantage of future entrepreneurial opportunities. The technology also has the potential to influence pedagogy, teaching practice, and assessment and has raised concerns and questions within education about how educators can train students to use the latest technology to prepare them for the future, whilst managing potential changes to teaching practice. However, given the rapid emergence of the technology, discussion as to the implications for education and particularly entrepreneurship education is limited and there have been calls for further exploration and discussion. This paper addresses these calls by discussing some of the potential implications which generative artificial intelligence brings to entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurship classroom, at both a macro and curricular level. The advancement of generative artificial intelligence furthers the need for entrepreneurship educators to embrace the technology in a managed way, develop students critical and reflective thinking, and foster the development and assessment of practical and technical entrepreneurial skills, to support student’s effective utilisation of generative artificial intelligence. Educators should also be aware of the potential effects which generative artificial intelligence poses to teaching and assessment.

Implementation of PjBL With Remote Lab Enhances the Professional Skills of Engineering Students

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Contribution:</i> This article describes one approach to foster technical skills (Digital Electronics) and professional skills (critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and collaboration) for Computer Engineering students in a fully remote way. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Background:</i> Engineering competencies development requires practical activities. Besides the technical skills, professional skills such as communication are necessary in the workplace. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Intended Outcomes:</i> When compared to face-to-face offering, the fully remote course must have no statistically relevant differences in terms of student performance. The course must also support the enhancement of professional skills (e.g., collaboration). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Application Design:</i> This study presents a comparison of the face-to-face (one year) and the fully remote (two years) Digital Electronics lab offerings. A course organization framework is proposed with two blocks: 1) controlled experiments and 2) projects in groups of two students. The study investigates how Project-Based Learning and Peer Assessment are perceived by students in the fully remote offering. A total of 110 students participated in the years 2019 (face-to-face), 2020, and 2021 (fully remote). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Findings:</i> Students in the second remote course offering (2021) presented a higher performance in their projects than face-to-face students (2019). Besides the student performance and technical skills development, it was observed that problem solving and collaboration, professional skills could be enhanced according to the students’ perceptions. However, the same did not occur for critical thinking or communication professional skills even with the Peer Assessment and project pitches. The main concern is the high workload for students.

Integrating Business Principles in STEM Education: Fostering Entrepreneurship in Students and Educators in the US and Nigeria

Integrating business principles into STEM education is crucial for preparing students to navigate the rapidly evolving global economy driven by technological advancements and innovation. This paper explores the significance of integrating business principles in STEM education and the potential benefits for students, educators, and the economy in both the United States and Nigeria. We examine successful initiatives and programs that foster entrepreneurship among STEM students and identify best practices for effectively teaching business concepts in STEM contexts. Challenges and barriers hindering the successful integration of business principles into STEM education are also discussed, including resistance to interdisciplinary education, limited resources and support for entrepreneurship, and balancing technical and business skill development. In order to address these challenges, we propose recommendations and best practices such as adopting effective pedagogical approaches, engaging industry and community partners, and creating a supportive culture for entrepreneurship within STEM institutions. In addition, this article identifies several potential research areas for the future. These include longitudinal studies on the effects of business-integrated STEM education on entrepreneurial outcomes, comparative analyses of different approaches, and assessments of the scalability and adaptability of successful initiatives across different countries. The promotion of entrepreneurship and business skills among STEM students can enhance their employability, career prospects and contribute to economic growth. This paper urges further research and action to support the development of the next generation of STEM-educated entrepreneurs who can drive innovation and economic growth globally, both in the United States and Nigeria.

Contributions and Partnership Strategies of External Stakeholders in the Implementation of the Alternative Learning System in Bontoc District: Insights from Teachers

The involvement and partnership of stakeholders have been identified as crucial factors influencing program implementation. This study focuses on examining the contributions and partnership strategies of external stakeholders involved in the implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) program in Bontoc District, Mountain Province. Using a qualitative research design through interview, observation and focus group discussion, the study identified and described the contributions and partnership strategies of external stakeholders in the ALS program implementation, based on insights provided by the five ALS teachers in the district. Through thematic approach, the results show that external stakeholders play a significant role in the implementation of ALS programs in Bontoc District. They contribute through financial assistance and provision of learning spaces by the Municipal and Barangay Local Government Units, monetary and non-monetary donations from alumni, learning materials from the Provincial Local Government Unit (LGU), free skills trainings and certifications from Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and psychosocial support from parents. These contributions are the result of effective partnership strategies employed by the stakeholders, including resource sharing, collaboration with professional colleagues, engagement with alumni, and partnering with TESDA. ALS teachers recognize the value of these engagements in enhancing program implementation. However, they also acknowledge the need to strengthen partnerships with these stakeholders to fully leverage their potential for strengthening the ALS program implementation. Establishing networks and linkages with external stakeholders such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is identified as a means to significantly enhance the curricular and instructional efficiency and effectiveness of the ALS program.

Technical creativity and technical skills as a source of pupils’ physical and psychological balance

Technical education, the important condition of which is the development of technical skills, technical creativity, as well as technical thinking, is also meant to ensure the physical and psychological balance of the learner’s personality. The contribution, which is the output of the project VEGA no. 1/0550/22, includes presented research fi ndings reporting that the state of a pupil, student or a teacher developing their thinking, skills, and creativity and demonstrating a positive relationship with the content of technical education in all areas of development, creates the environment of a physical and psychological balance of the learner as well as prevents risk behaviour. The research uses a set of research methods (original questionnaire, interviews, pre-test, test, post-test, and others) implemented on a sample of 86 examined respondents showing a statistical signifi cance among the examined variables.

Exploring Factors and Challenges Influencing Nursing Interns’ Training Experiences in Emergency Departments in Saudi Arabia

This study aims to investigate nursing interns’ training experiences in emergency departments (EDs) in Saudi Arabia and explore the factors influencing their experiences. A descriptive research design was employed utilizing a survey distributed to nursing interns who completed their ED rotation within the last three months. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, and principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the challenges encountered by the interns. This study analyzed the responses of 126 nursing internship students in various regions of Saudi Arabia to assess their training experiences in emergency departments. The principal component analysis revealed two significant factors: (1) “Emergency Department Training and Skill Development”, which focused on challenges faced during training, and (2) “Integrated Emergency Department Training and Competence Development”, which provided a holistic view of nursing internship students’ experiences and preparedness for their careers. The results indicated moderately below-average challenges and a moderately positive overall training experience. The findings suggest a need to address these challenges to improve the training experience and better prepare nursing internship students for careers in emergency departments. This study recommends enhancing the nursing curricula alignment with practical training objectives, focusing on technical and interpersonal skills development. A supportive learning environment in emergency departments is crucial, including effective communication and collaboration. Diverse clinical experiences and reflection on training can guide students in exploring potential career paths in emergency departments or other specialized nursing areas.

Piano etudes by Lo Maisho: trends in the development of the genre

In the modern professional piano art of China, the genre of piano etude is an important part of musical culture and occupies a special place in the history of Chinese music. The first samples of etudes for piano by Chinese composers date back to the 20s of the last century and were created as pieces for the development of the pianist's technical skills. During the development of the genre, the artistic value of the sketches has increased: from a play of a technical nature, the sketches have become independent, dramaturgically constructed compositions. The composers rely on the intonation features of national music, use the melodies of traditional Chinese songs, and resort to modern writing techniques. However, innovation is usually limited to this. The young Chinese composer Luo Maisho created a series of etudes in which, on the one hand, he inherits traditional methods of composition, on the other, he violates the established foundations. For the first time, the metrorhythm region becomes a donor for structural transformations. The author of the article introduces the work of the young composer, offers an excursion into the history of the development of the piano etude genre in China, provides an analysis of the metrorhythmic organization of Lo Maisho's etudes. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze new trends in the development of the piano etude genre in China, the subject is the metrorhythmic organization of the musical fabric. In piano studies, Lo Maisho reaches a new level in the progression of the genre. He identifies new trends in Chinese piano music, introducing elements of folk songs, imitation of the sounds of traditional musical instruments, reflecting the imagery and various cultural characteristics of the peoples of various regions of China, introduces new techniques of metrorhythmic organization. The composer does not limit himself to the use of pentatonics, but resolutely strives for innovations in the genre of etude. It is noteworthy that the author departs from the established tradition, which is based on the use of Western European techniques combined with the intonation culture of Chinese melodies, he offers new forms of compositional solutions.

Impact assessment of the organic agriculture production training program in Northern Philippines

A study was conducted to assess the impacts of the Organic Agriculture Production (OAP) Training Program of Ifugao State University (IFSU) on beneficiaries. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) framework for impact assessment was used in tracing the impact pathways of the program. It utilized quantitative methods of data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the Likert scale. Respondents were the beneficiaries of the training that served as the treatment and non-beneficiaries that served as the control. The majority of the treatment and control respondents are young adults and middle-aged, female, married, finished secondary and college, have less than five household members, and are employed. Most of the respondents in the study have organizational affiliations. The inputs to the program were from the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and the IFSU. The use of these inputs produced technological and capacity building outputs. All the training respondents received their National Certificates, which means that they are all competent in the use of the OAP technologies and that they can produce new products that they can utilize for subsistence and livelihood. The evidently used adoption pathways were capacity building and communication. Respondents from the treatment group “agreed” that their participation in the training resulted in capacity building outcomes utilized at a personal and organizational level. The training program showed significant impacts on farm income, total annual income, employment, organizational affiliation and involvement, and adoption. Policy recommendations for the improvement of the program are discussed.

Tailored Practical Simulation Training in Robotic Surgery: A New Educational Technology

PurposeWe aimed to create a tailored robotic surgery training program that addresses current challenges, enhances patient outcomes, and focuses on skills, knowledge, and strategy. DescriptionThis study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of existing robotic surgery training methods and proposes a personalized simulation training approach for specific surgical situations. The program emphasizes technical and manual skill development, a robust medical knowledge foundation, and strategic planning using the development, demonstration, discussion, and sharing (3DS) concept. EvaluationTraditional training challenges, such as on-the-job training, animal models, and cadavers, are identified and addressed. The proposed tailored practical simulation training provides a cost-effective, realistic surgical experience, allowing surgeons to learn in a controlled environment and improving patient outcomes. ConclusionsThis comprehensive training program aims to enhance surgical outcomes and patient care in the rapidly evolving field of robotic surgery. Continuous education, industry collaboration, and knowledge sharing are vital to staying current with advances and optimizing surgical techniques and practices.

Reasons for performance in athletic hammer that: the results of the studies, the structural development of the training of the hammer, the perspectives of the outer development

Ukraine has always been famous for outstanding hammer throwing coaches who trained Olympic champions, world record holders, winners of the World and European Athletics Forums, and scientists whose scientific research gave the coaching staff the opportunity to properly study and improve not only technical skills and methods of arranging training process, but also the development all types of athletes’ training.&#x0D; The hammer throw in athletics is a complex system of purposeful movements. It combines a number of simple and complex movements. Currently, most elite-class athletes throw the hammer in four turns.&#x0D; One of the main areas of the training process in hammer throw and improving technique elements is to find the optimal amount of acceleration of the movements rhythm, the number of turns, the nature of the first turn as well as the others, which are necessary to determine the most rational technique option for each athlete, which requires quite a long time for its improvement.&#x0D; The predominant focus on improving athletes’ technical actions and physical fitness should include exercises similar to the&#x0D; main elements of technical actions in hammer throwing for integral improvement of necessary qualities and elements of technique.&#x0D; The decrease of sports results in this area of athletics, in our opinion, presupposes failure of coaches to follow the sequence of necessary physical abilities and technical skills development at certain stages of long-term training (initial training, preliminary basic training, specialized basic training, preparation for high achievements), where they should achieve individual maximums of their development and meet previously developed criteria and their values.&#x0D; One of the reasons for this problem is refusal from the well-established training system of "throwing schools" during the last decades. During the Olympic Games in Tokyo, the hammer thrower from Ukraine M. Kokhan took fourth place with a rather high result of&#x0D; 80.39 m, which indicates the revival of "throwing schools" in various regions of the country. The results of hammer throwing performances of Ukrainian athletes from different regions of Ukraine makes us believe that a new era in the revival of "throwing schools" is on its launch.&#x0D; A new stage of results manifestation and the appearance of a new generation of coaches in hammer throwing is approaching, which indicates the revival of "throwing schools" in different regions of Ukraine.&#x0D; The revival of women's high performance in hammer throwing can be considered by focusing attention in the training system on both female body features and the related methodologies of forming new areas of development and improving its main systems.

LEARNING FROM SIMULATION IN HIGHER ORTHOPAEDIC TRAINING: ARE WE ON THE SAME PAGE?

Simulation use in training is rapidly becoming a mainstay educational tool seen to offer perceived benefits of a safe environment for repeated practice and learning from errors without jeopardising patient safety. However, there is currently little evidence addressing the trainees’ perspectives and attitudes of simulation training, particularly in comparison with trainers and the educational community.This study investigates orthopaedic trainees’ and trainers’ conceptions of learning from simulation-based training, exploring whether the orthopaedic community are ‘on the same page’, with respect to each other and the educational community. Qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews is used to identify commonalities and differences between trainee and trainer conceptions, based on respective experiences and expectations, and suggests ways of enhancing collaboration between stakeholders to achieve better alignment of conceptions.The research revealed that orthopaedic trainees and trainers conceive key themes in a similar manner: supporting the role of simulation in developing the ‘pre-trained novice’ as opposed to skill refinement or maintenance; attributing greater importance to non-technical rather than technical skills development using simulation; questioning the transferability to practice of learnt skills; and emphasising similar barriers to increased curriculum integration, including financing and scheduling. These conceptions are largely in contrast to those of the educational community, possibly due to differing conceptions of learning between the two communities, along with a lack of a common language in the discourse of simulation.There was some evidence of changing attitudes and positively emerging conceptions among the orthopaedic community, and capitalising on this by engaging trainers and trainees may help reconcile the differing conceptions and facilitate increasing simulation utilisation and curriculum integration. Developing a common language to make the educational more tangible to surgeons, bringing the educational closer to the surgical, may help maximise the educational benefit and shape the future of simulation use in surgical training.

Data Privacy Best Practices of A Local Higher Educational Institution: A Model for Governance

The passage of the Data Privacy Act of 2012, establishes a new data privacy framework for all industries and sectors, whether in public or private. Different agencies’ policies have aimed to foster innovation and the development of commercial and public sector technical skills. The hit COVID-19 pandemic pushed academic institutions for a paradigm shift in the delivery of instructional and administrative services in online platforms. This study assessed Laguna State Polytechnic University’s (LSPU) data privacy policies and governance transformation to determine its best practices and establish an informational privacy framework. LSPU commenced its full compliance in 2017, hence the researcher chose the respondents whose employment at the university is between 2017 and 2021 to ensure they have sufficient experience and skill in the implementation of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and its rules and regulation in the university. Questionnaires were utilized to collect information, and interviews with unit heads and university staff validated the results. Based on the study’s hypothesis, it is determined that the governance of existing data privacy policies at the institution is completely established. Since the results of the analysis revealed a significant correlation, the respondents strongly support a very high degree of data privacy implementation oversight. Further, using the path-analysis technique, it was found that governance has a positive effect on the current practices of data privacy in the university. Finally, the study revealed that when there is a certain policy change responsive to the data privacy law that is to be implemented in the university, it is expected that practices in the implementation of data privacy law will show significant change. Keywords: Data Governance, Data Practices, Informational Governance, Data Privacy Model

“Train as you play”: Improving effectiveness of training in youth soccer players

Purpose The present study investigates to what extend de-contextualized practice is necessary to acquire technical skills in developmental soccer training. Typically, open play is considered beneficial for acquiring tactical skills, whereas specific drills are used to support the development of technical skills like passing and shooting. Therefore, a field-based study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a Nonlinear Pedagogy (NP) approach in contrast to a classical Deliberate Practice approach to improve passing performance in young developmental soccer players. Method Forty young male players (age 10 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned to three groups (PLAY, PRACTICE, and CONTROL). The PRACTICE group performed classical passing drills, whereas the PLAY group underwent a NP training regime. Passing skill was assessed before and after a 5-week training program using a standardized passing test according to the German Football Association. Additional retention testing was performed 5 weeks later. Results The results indicated that, although the test design showed no specificity to the learning environment of the PLAY group, both groups improved passing skills after training, but the PLAY group displayed better results during retention testing (PRACTICE: p = 0.004, d = 0.48; PLAY: p = 0.001, d = 0.53) compared to the PRACTICE group. These findings are suggestive of general transfer learning in dynamic learning environments. Conclusion The findings indicate that even when there is an emphasis on “technical skill” enhancement, more effective improvement in young development players may be observed through dynamic learning environments. Consequently, this study encourages coaches to design training regimes that afford players to train as they play.

Service Quality Model towards Passenger Satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar International Airport

The introduction of practical subjects of employment includes the development of vocational competencies, personality competencies, social competencies, soft skills, work skills, technical skills, vocational careers, payroll systems, work systems, work safety, labor regulations and legislation and so on. Based on this, a research study aims to determine 1) The effect of check in counter facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. 2) The effect of AVSEC facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. 3) The effect of flight safety facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. 4) The effect of supporting facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. 5) The effect of baggage facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. 6) The effect of facilities (check in counter, AVSEC, flight safety, support, and baggage) on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar international airport. The research method used is a type of survey research with a strong approach. The test results show that F observed is greater than F table. Therefore, the research hypothesis is accepted. The quality-of-service model, after conducting multiple linear regression analysis, is further analyzed to determine the magnitude of the influence through partial determination coefficient analysis. The significance of the influence can be seen from the results of the F-test with a confidence level of 95% or a = 0.05%. Passenger satisfaction, if there are no independent variables (X1 to X5 = 0), then passenger satisfaction is only a certain value, while if each respondent's answer increases by 1 point for the independent variable answers (X1 to X5 = result increases), it is estimated that the tendency of passenger satisfaction will increase.