Technical Integration Research Articles

Augmented Reality For Smart Tourism: A Systematic Review

AR applications, commonly known as "smart tourism," offer considerable potential in the tourism industry. They provide a fundamental change in the way travelers discover, acquire knowledge, and engage with destinations. This analysis forms the foundation for offering well-informed suggestions for future research endeavors in the field of tourism enhanced by augmented reality (AR). In order to carry out this systematic review, an extensive search was performed on various electronic databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search methodology employed the utilization of pertinent keywords such as "augmented reality," "smart tourism," and "tourism experience." After the initial search, a substantial amount of articles were obtained, and subsequently, they were refined using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. This systematic review has presented a thorough and detailed summary of the current research progress on augmented reality in the field of smart tourism. The findings emphasize the diverse uses of augmented reality (AR) in boosting tourist experiences, enhancing access to information, fostering greater involvement, and advocating for sustainable tourism practices. Nevertheless, in order to fully use the potential of augmented reality (AR) in the tourism sector, it is imperative to tackle obstacles pertaining to technical constraints, user approval, integration, and privacy apprehensions.

Implementation of a Web-Based Outpatient Asynchronous Consultation Service: Mixed Methods Study.

Asynchronous outpatient patient-to-provider communication is expanding in UK health care, requiring evaluation. During the pandemic, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in Scotland expanded its outpatient asynchronous consultation service from dermatology (deployed in May 2020) to gastroenterology and pain management clinics. We conducted a mixed methods study using staff, patient, and public perspectives and National Health Service (NHS) numerical data to obtain a rounded picture of innovation as it happened. Focus groups (3 web-based and 1 face-to-face; n=22) assessed public readiness for this service, and 14 interviews with staff focused on service design and delivery. The service's effects were examined using NHS Grampian service use data, a patient satisfaction survey (n=66), and 6 follow-up patient interviews. Survey responses were descriptively analyzed. Demographics, acceptability, nonattendance rates, and appointment outcomes of users were compared across levels of area deprivation in which they live and medical specialties. Interviews and focus groups underwent theory-informed thematic analysis. Staff anticipated a simple technical system transfer from dermatology to other receptive medical specialties, but despite a favorable setting and organizational assistance, it was complicated. Key implementation difficulties included pandemic-induced technical integration delays, misalignment with existing administrative processes, and discontinuity in project management. The pain management clinic began asynchronous consultations (digital appointments) in December 2021, followed by the gastroenterology clinic in February 2022. Staff quickly learned how to explain and use this service. It was thought to function better for pain management as it fitted preexisting practices. From May to September 2022, the dermatology (adult and pediatric), gastroenterology, and pain management clinics offered 1709 appointments to a range of patients (n=1417). Digital appointments reduced travel by an estimated 44,712 miles (~71,956.81 km) compared to the face-to-face mode. The deprivation profile of people who chose to use this service closely mirrored that of NHS Grampian's population overall. There was no evidence that deprivation impacted whether digital appointment users subsequently received treatment. Only 18% (12/66) of survey respondents were unhappy or very unhappy with being offered a digital appointment. The benefits mentioned included better access, convenience, decreased travel and waiting time, information sharing, and clinical flexibility. Overall, patients, the public, and staff recognized its potential as an NHS service but highlighted informed choice and flexibility. Better communication-including the use of the term assessment instead of appointment-may increase patient acceptance. Asynchronous pain management and gastroenterology consultations are viable and acceptable. Implementing this service is easiest when existing administrative processes face minimal disruption, although continuous support is needed. This study can inform practical strategies for supporting staff in adopting asynchronous consultations (eg, preparing for nonlinearity and addressing task issues). Patients need clear explanations and access to technical support, along with varied consultation options, to ensure digital inclusion.

LUNAR-2: Pivotal, randomized, open-label study of tumor treating fields (TTFields, 150 kHz) concomitant with pembrolizumab and platinum based chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

TPS8665 Background: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that disrupt processes critical for cancer cell viability. TTFields are delivered by a noninvasive portable device that has the European CE Mark and FDA approval for glioblastoma and mesothelioma. Preclinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) studies demonstrated that TTFields enhance the antitumor immune response, through disruption of mitosis and subsequent induction of immunogenic cell death. The pivotal, phase III LUNAR study (NCT02973789) in metastatic NSCLC progressing on/after platinum-based therapy demonstrated that TTFields with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or docetaxel provided a statistically significant and clinically meaningful 3.3-month improvement in median overall survival (OS) vs an ICI or docetaxel alone, with no added systemic toxicities and no clinically significant difference on quality of life between groups. Despite advances in the treatment of NSCLC, survival rates for stage IV disease remain poor and there is a need for effective and tolerable treatments. Methods: LUNAR-2 (NCT06216301) is a pivotal, global, randomized, trial investigating the efficacy and safety of TTFields concomitant with pembrolizumab (P) and platinum-based chemotherapy (C) in patients (pts) with metastatic NSCLC, with a planned enrollment of 734 pts at 134 sites. Pts with NSCLC, radiologically evaluable disease in the thorax, ECOG PS of 0–1, and no prior treatment for metastatic disease are eligible. Pts will be stratified by histology, PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and prior treatment with immunotherapy. Randomization is 1:1 to TTFields/P+C or P+C alone. Standard doses of P+C will be administered to both arms on day 1 of a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles of induction followed by up to 31 cycles of maintenance with TTFields/P or P alone. TTFields generated by the NovoTTF-200T System, will be delivered to the thorax ≥ 18 h/day until local disease progression per iRECIST. The primary endpoints are OS and progression-free survival (PFS) per RECIST v1.1 as assessed by a blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints include OS and PFS according to histology or PD-L1 TPS, objective response rate, duration of response, and disease control rate, all per RECIST v1.1 as assessed by BICR and by investigator, comparing TTFields/P+C vs. P+C alone. Other secondary endpoints include PFS rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months per RECIST v1.1 as assessed by BICR, 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates and safety. Device Support Specialists will provide technical and lifestyle integration training for pts and caregivers throughout TTFields therapy. Pts usage is tracked by the device and is provided to pts and physicians to facilitate discussions to optimize outcomes by maximizing time on therapy. The trial is currently recruiting. Clinical trial information: NCT06216301 .

A Review of the Information Technology and Operational Technology Convergence Using Internet of Things within the Circular Economy

Abstract The historical separation of Information Technology and Operational Technology in organizations, particularly in the industrial sector, is being challenged by the digital transformation. This shift towards a converged platform is driven by technological advancements, market pressures, and environmental and regulatory considerations. This paper explores the convergence of Information Technology and Operational Technology through the Internet of Things within the Circular Economy. A comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature is provided using a systematic review method. Initially, the evolving landscape of the Information Technology and Operational Technology integration is reviewed, then Internet of Things and Circular Economy are presented. The findings of this study include the challenges of the converged solution implementation, such as the technical integration complexities, cybersecurity risks, organizational and cultural barriers, and workforce skills gap. Furthermore, the role of the Internet of Things is demonstrated using novel smart circular loops, products, and applications showcasing innovative ideas such as product-as-a-service models, digital circular practices, products with embedded sensors, energy harvesting, and modular and upgrade capabilities as well as novel digital factory use cases such as smart manufacturing and industrial symbiosis networks. The key findings also outline the best practices and recommendations for a successful implementation of this converged infrastructure, highlighting the importance of a strategic implementation and cross-domain collaboration to achieve operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. The insights provided in this paper are valuable for academics, practitioners, and policymakers aimed to understand and harness the digital technologies for advancing sustainable practices towards a smart circular economy.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods on Osteoporosis Classification with Radiographs-A Systematic Review.

Osteoporosis is a complex endocrine disease characterized by a decline in bone mass and microstructural integrity. It constitutes a major global health problem. Recent progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new avenues for the effective diagnosis of osteoporosis via radiographs. This review investigates the application of AI classification of osteoporosis in radiographs. A comprehensive exploration of electronic repositories (ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE) was carried out in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement (PRISMA). A collection of 31 articles was extracted from these repositories and their significant outcomes were consolidated and outlined. This encompassed insights into anatomical regions, the specific machine learning methods employed, the effectiveness in predicting BMD, and categorizing osteoporosis. Through analyzing the respective studies, we evaluated the effectiveness and limitations of AI osteoporosis classification in radiographs. The pooled reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of osteoporosis classification ranges from 66.1% to 97.9%, 67.4% to 100.0%, and 60.0% to 97.5% respectively. This review underscores the potential of AI osteoporosis classification and offers valuable insights for future research endeavors, which should focus on addressing the challenges in technical and clinical integration to facilitate practical implementation of this technology.

Transforming construction: The growing role of mechatronics in building our infrastructure

Mechatronics, the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer science, is progressively transforming the construction industry. This paper explores how mechatronic technologies are being applied across the construction lifecycle to enhance productivity, quality, safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. Core mechatronic technologies changing construction include automated material handling systems, advanced construction robotics, sensor networks for monitoring, laser scanning for accurate modeling and control, and building information modeling (BIM) software. Mechatronics offers multifaceted benefits spanning from enhanced labor productivity and construction velocity to superior quality control, safety, and process optimization. However, realizing the immense potential of mechatronics in construction requires overcoming key challenges including high upfront costs, lack of technical skills, organizational resistance, integration difficulties, and reliability concerns. With thoughtful leadership and implementation, mechatronics promises to revolutionize construction, shifting it towards more automated, streamlined, and optimized techniques. This paper delineates the tremendous potential of mechatronics in construction regarding benefits, technologies, and challenges. The outlook is promising for intelligent mechatronic systems to profoundly enhance productivity, quality, and safety as construction progresses towards greater automation and optimization.

Developing Behavior-Based Assessment Scales To Promote Fairness In Performance Assessment

Performance appraisal is a critical process in human resource management that influences employee motivation, development, and recognition. However, challenges in performance appraisal are often associated with subjectivity and a lack of fairness in the assessment. Therefore, this research aims to develop a behavior-based assessment scale that can promote fairness in performance appraisal. The method of developing this assessment scale involves several key steps. First, identify relevant and objectively measurable assessment criteria, such as technical skills, teamwork, initiative, and integrity. Next, establish a clear and measurable assessment scale for each criterion, whether numerical scales or specific behavioral descriptions. Validation of the scale is conducted through testing and factor analysis to ensure its reliability and validity in accurately measuring behavior. Training for evaluators and relevant employees is also a crucial part of implementing this assessment scale to ensure consistent and objective evaluations based on established criteria. The results of developing this behavior-based assessment scale are expected to enhance transparency, objectivity, and fairness in the performance appraisal process. With a measurable and relevant assessment scale in place, it is hoped to motivate employees, identify areas for development, and provide fair recognition based on the actual contributions of each individual within the organization. This research makes a significant contribution in the context of human resource management towards achieving organizational goals effectively and efficiently.

АНАЛИЗ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ПОВЫШЕНИЮ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ХРАНЕНИЯ

The scientific article contains a review of scientific literature on the problems of ensuring the efficiency of grain production by improving its quality. Controlled and uncontrollable factors and conditions for ensuring grain quality are noted. Among the controllable factors and conditions, technical, technological, organizational and economic factors are stated; uncontrollable factors and conditions include solar insolation, daylight hours, temperature, and precipitation. It was revealed that the quality of grain and losses during storage are influenced by: climate, poor-quality grain cleaning, grain injuries, elevated temperature, high humidity, storage processing, technical integrity of the premises. The formation of quality at the stages of grain production is shown: preparation of seed, growing conditions, harvesting conditions, crop transportation, primary processing and storage. It is indicated that spring wheat of soft varieties, cultivated on farms in the Perm region, has a high internal market potential: high technological and baking properties, can be used for the production of flour and baking bread. The consumer properties of zoned varieties of winter and spring soft wheat are shown: the Irgina variety scored the most points (4.7 - 4.9 points), and the Iren variety took second place (4.4 - 4.7 points). The cost of flour obtained from processing grain with a natural weight of 750 g/l was calculated at 700,000 rubles, as well as the cost of flour obtained from processing grain with a natural weight of 760 g/l was calculated at 709,872 rubles; a deviation in the cost for grain quality account in the amount of 9872 rubles.

Agile Stage-Gate Approach for Design, Integration, and Testing of a 1U CubeSat

Life cycle stages are very important for the aerospace industry. Many models have emerged for handling the processes within and across the development of new products. Developing CubeSat-based missions has shortened the required time and has reduced expenses. However, the lack of strategic planning in the design, integration, and testing of product development models has been highlighted as one of the key issues contributing to failures. The objective of this study is to propose a new hybrid model for the physical development of a product using an Agile Stage-Gate methodology focused on a 1U CubeSat (AztechSat-1). This study aims to explain the full process throughout the project timeline from conceptualization to execution. The benefits of such a model include ensuring adaptive responses to not only improve technical integration but also allow the successful validation and verification of a nanosatellite. Our theoretical approach articulates an in-depth understanding of Agile Stage-Gate methodology through experience obtained from experts and team members. Our analysis supports the expected benefits of the iterative process at every stage. Through this approach, product development could benefit from reduced times and better innovations. Nevertheless, there are also drawbacks to this method. The requirements of greater human effort, more frequent demonstrations, and a constant review process have negative impacts. Additionally, particular modifications must be made for each area of research. For educational purposes, the initial results seem to be encouraging.

Unified Lifelong Technical Learning Integration with Structured Framework for The Technical Education System to Foster Expertise Using Academic Bank of Credit

Unified Lifelong Technical Learning Integration with Structured Framework for The Technical Education System to Foster Expertise Using Academic Bank of Credit

Understanding Pedestrian Cognition Workload in Traffic Environments Using Virtual Reality and Electroencephalography

Understanding pedestrians’ cognitive processes in traffic environments is crucial for developing strategies to enhance safety and reduce accidents. This study assesses the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) in evaluating pedestrian behavior in simulated road-crossing scenarios. It investigates VR’s capability to realistically mimic the cognitive load experienced in real-world settings. It examines the technical integration of VR with psychophysiological recording to capture cognitive demand indicators accurately. Utilizing a dedicated VR application and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements, this research aims to elicit significant Event-Related Potentials (ERP), like P3 and Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), associated with decision-making processes. The initial results demonstrate VR’s effectiveness in creating realistic environments for investigating cognitive mechanisms and the balance between induced immersion and experienced discomfort. Additionally, the tasks involving time-to-arrival estimations and oddball scenarios elicited the anticipated components related to attentional and decision-making processes. Despite increased discomfort with extended VR exposure, our results show that it did not negatively impact the cognitive workload. These outcomes highlight VR’s efficacy in replicating the cognitive demands of real-world settings and provide evidence to understand the neurophysiological and behavioral dynamics of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in traffic scenarios. Furthermore, these findings support VR’s role in behavioral and neurophysiological research to design specific safety interventions for VRUs.

Blockchain technology integration in tax policy: Navigating challenges and unlocking opportunities for improving the taxation of Ghana's digital economy

In an era marked by a profound digital transformation of economies worldwide, Ghana stands as a vivid example of a nation at the crossroads of taxation evolution. The country's tax policies are undergoing a significant shift to adapt to the burgeoning digital economy, with a keen focus on capturing and regulating the ever-expanding revenue streams generated through online enterprises. This research explored the potential of integrating blockchain technology with tax policy. Unstructured and semi-structured interview questions were designed to obtain insight into the problem. A survey was conducted to obtain views on the variables that explained the potential of integrating blockchain technology with tax policy to enhance the effectiveness of taxing online enterprises in Ghana. The study used correlation analysis to confirm propositions derived from preliminary interview and the review of literature. It was found that while blockchain offers significant advantages in bridging the gap for effective online taxation in Ghana, there are challenges which include institutional and regulatory conformity issues, technical integration and alignment incompatibility, and inadequate stakeholder engagement. This result may be useful in the design of tax online tax policy in Ghana and other jurisdictions with similar socio-economic environment.

PERCEIVED DIFFERENCE AMONG THE EMPLOYERS AND GRADUATES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH REGARDING THE ESSENTIAL EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

The study was conducted as a prelude to research on employability skill development among the graduates of Arunachal Pradesh. It focussed on the difference in the perception of both employers as well as graduates concerning the skills essential to employability. Managing Directors of twenty companies mostly linked with manufacturing and financial sectors and 75 candidates who were either employed within a year of their graduation from any of the HEIs in the State or at least attended placement or job interviews responded to a questionnaire that dealt with the perceived importance of essential employability skills. According to the employers, lack of apt skills continues to be the major hurdle to employing graduates. Compared to employers, skills regarded as most important by graduates are communication, integrity and interpersonal skills, self-management skills, and teamwork. Whereas, those the employers consider essential are technical skills interpersonal skills integrity, self-management skills, and teamwork. However, personal integrity, interpersonal skills, self-management skills, and teamwork find a place among the top-ranked six skills according to both groups of respondents, which indicates that employers and graduates ascribe similar importance to individual attributes.

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF EDUCATIONAL ANDROID GAMES FOR PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: A RESPONSE

This research aims to explore the responses of prospective elementary school teachers to training in developing Android-based educational games as an innovative learning tool. By distributing questionnaires to 121 prospective elementary school teachers in NTB, this research identified the needs, interests, motivations and challenges faced in participating in the training. The research results show that prospective elementary school teachers show a high interest in using educational games as a learning tool, but prospective elementary school teachers face challenges related to technical skills and integration in the curriculum. These findings provide important insights for training providers in designing programs that better suit the needs of prospective teachers, as well as highlighting the importance of continued support for the development of skills in using technology in education.

EMERGENCE OF TALENT ANALYTICS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO MUSIC AND PERFORMING ARTS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

The integration of talent analytics into human resource management practices within the music and performing arts industry in India has been a topic of increasing significance. Present research aimed to examine the emergence of talent analytics, its impact on HR management, and the challenges faced by HR managers during its implementation. Employing quantitative methodology, data was collected through a structured survey distributed among 311 HR professionals from various organizations in this sector. The findings highlighted the positive impact of talent analytics on HR practices, showcasing enhancements in decision-making, recruitment efficiency, workforce planning, and talent identification. However, substantial challenges such as financial investments, skill shortages, technical integration hurdles, cultural resistance, and data reliability issues emerged as impediments to seamless implementation. These results underscore the potential benefits of talent analytics while emphasizing the critical barriers that HR managers encounter in leveraging its full potential within this industry.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Digital Transformation of Healthcare Delivery in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Opportunities and Challenges in Alignment with Vision 2030)

This research aimed to assess the current applications of AI in the healthcare sector in Riyadh and their influence on digital transformation, and to identify the opportunities presented by expanding AI adoption to improve healthcare services in alignment with Vision 2030, and to examine the challenges facing greater integration of AI technologies into Riyadh's healthcare system. The research addresses the challenges faced by Riyadh's health sector and examines how artificial intelligence can be used to overcome these challenges, including improving the quality of health services, enhancing operational efficiency, and supporting scientific research, By analyzing data and reviewing previous studies, the research shows how AI technologies can contribute to the early detection of diseases, providing dedicated health care, and improving the management of health facilities. The research also discusses the impact of artificial intelligence on medical education and training and explores how it can enhance scientific research in the field of health. The findings indicate that AI has the potential to significantly transform Riyadh's healthcare sector, contributing to the realization of Vision 2030. The research concludes with recommendations for the effective application of artificial intelligence in the health system, emphasizing the importance of innovation and technical integration for the future of healthcare in the Kingdom.

THE IMPACT OF TECHNICAL SAFETY AND INTEGRITY VERIFICATION ON PROJECT DELIVERY AND ASSET PERFORMANCE

The oil and gas industry operates within a stringent regulatory framework and faces inherent risks associated with complex operations. Technical safety and integrity verification processes play a critical role in ensuring compliance with regulatory standards, minimizing risks, and enhancing asset performance. This review analyzes the influence of rigorous safety and integrity verification on project timelines, cost efficiency, and overall asset performance in the oil and gas industry. Safety and integrity verification processes encompass a comprehensive assessment of design, construction, and operational phases of oil and gas projects. These processes involve rigorous inspections, testing, and verification activities to ensure that assets meet regulatory requirements and industry standards. By adhering to these processes, operators can mitigate safety risks, prevent accidents, and safeguard human lives, as well as protect the environment. Moreover, rigorous safety and integrity verification contribute to efficient project delivery by identifying potential hazards and deficiencies early in the project lifecycle. Through proactive risk assessment and mitigation, operators can address issues promptly, thereby minimizing delays and cost overruns. Additionally, adherence to safety and integrity standards instills confidence among stakeholders, investors, and regulatory authorities, fostering trust and credibility in project execution. Furthermore, the impact of technical safety and integrity verification extends beyond project delivery to asset performance throughout its operational lifespan. Assets subjected to thorough safety and integrity verification processes exhibit higher reliability, availability, and operational efficiency. By identifying and addressing potential failure points, operators can prolong asset lifespan, optimize maintenance schedules, and reduce unplanned downtime. In conclusion, rigorous safety and integrity verification processes significantly influence project timelines, cost efficiency, and overall asset performance in the oil and gas industry. By prioritizing safety and integrity throughout the project lifecycle, operators can enhance operational excellence, mitigate risks, and achieve sustainable long-term success in the dynamic and challenging oil and gas landscape.
 Keywords: Impact, Technical Safety, Integrity Verification, Project Delivery, Asset Performance.

Patient-reported symptom monitoring: using (big) data to improve supportive care at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the need for continued development of symptom monitoring (SM) implementation, utilization, and data usage at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. Discussions from a patient-reported SM workshop at the MASCC/ISSO 2022 annual meeting were analyzed using a macro-meso-micro analytical framework of cancer care delivery. The workshop categories "initiation and implementation, barriers to adoption and utilization, and data usage" were integrated for each level. At the macro-level, policy development could encourage data sharing and international collaboration, including the exchange of SM methods, supportive care models, and self-management modules. At the meso-level, institutions should adjust clinical workflow and service delivery and promote a thorough technical and clinical integration of SM. At the micro-level, SM should be individualized, with timely feedback for patients, and should foster trust and understanding of AI decision support tools amongst clinicians to improve supportive care. The workshop reached a consensus among international experts on providing guidance on SM implementation, utilization, and (big) data usage pathways in cancer survivors across the cancer continuum and on macro-meso-micro levels.

Brave New World: Navigating New Paradigms in the Educational Landscape for the Evolving Learner in a Rapidly Changing Era

This literature review explores the significant transformations in the educational landscape prompted by technological advancements and changing learner profiles in the digital era. The review examines the evolution of learner profiles, highlighting the shift towards multisensory learning, digital fluency, and a preference for interactive, personalized learning experiences. It delves into integrating innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain in education and discusses their implications for teaching and learning. The review also considers the impact of neuroscience on educational practices, emphasizing the importance of understanding brain functioning and neuroplasticity in developing effective teaching strategies. The unprecedented shift to online and blended learning models, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is analyzed for its long-term effects on educational delivery and pedagogy. Additionally, the review addresses the growing emphasis on interdisciplinary learning, sustainability, mental health, and well-being within educational curricula. The implications of these transformative trends for educators, policymakers, and learners are discussed, highlighting the need for adaptive and responsive approaches to education in the face of rapid technological and societal changes. The review concludes with reflections on the future trajectory of education, anticipating continued technical integration, evolving pedagogical theories, and an increased focus on preparing learners for global challenges and lifelong learning.

Progress and evolution of hotspots in butterfly diversity research in green spaces.

Ecosystems depend on biodiversity; therefore, protecting biodiversity is beneficial for the development of ecosystems. Butterflies are indicator species that respond quickly to environmental changes and reflect environmental conditions. Butterfly diversity is a crucial evaluation indicator of habitat quality in green spaces. We used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research relating to butterfly diversity in green spaces. Based on 538 papers published from 2002-2022, we systematically reviewed the status, frontiers, and hotspots for research on butterfly diversity in green spaces. Our results showed that: (1) Research on butterfly diversity in green spaces has consistently demonstrated an upward trend between 2002-2022. Studies on this subject have garnered attention from researchers worldwide, with notable interest and contributions from scholars in the United States. (2) Early studies focused on butterfly habitat preferences and extinction concerns, and later articles appeared on the influence of external environmental factors (land use, climate change, plants, etc.). (3) Three main research topics received much attention between 2002 and 2022: biodiversity conservation, butterfly habitats, and the relationship between butterfly diversity and its influencing factors. (4) The relationship between green spaces and butterfly diversity (landscape features, vegetation features, and human activities) was discussed; these factors on butterfly communities should be considered in the planning and constructing of future green spaces. (5) Two significant future directions have been identified: more research on the impact of external factors and a need for more technical integration with the big data field. Future research on butterfly diversity in green spaces should adopt a more multi-scale, multi-disciplinary approach and aim to enhance the practicality and guidance of research findings.