Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly represented by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have a multifactorial etiology and a growing incidence in developing countries. In Brazil, studies on their occurrence and relationship with social conditions remain scarce, which reinforces the importance of updated epidemiological analyses. Ecological study using secondary data on hospital admissions extracted from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and socioeconomic indicators (HDI-M, SVI, and Gini Index) from the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). Incidence rates were age-standardized according to the WHO world standard population. For time trend analysis, Prais-Winsten linear regression was applied, and to assess relationships with socioeconomic variables, linear regression analysis was used. The statistical software employed was Stata version 18.0. Between 2010 and 2023, there were 64,303 hospital admissions for IBD in Brazil. The highest frequency was observed among women, adults aged 20 to 59 years, and in the Southeast region, while the lowest occurred in the North region. Regarding incidence, there was a significant increase among men, individuals under 19 years old, adults aged 20 to 59 years, and in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Nationally, an annual growth of 2% in incidence was observed. No significant associations were found with socioeconomic indicators, but regional analyses revealed important relationships with HDI-M and SVI. The results demonstrate an increase in hospital admissions for IBD in Brazil, particularly among younger groups and in specific regions, indicating changes in the epidemiological profile. These findings highlight the need for public policies focused on early diagnosis, equitable access to specialized services, and the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance. Future research should explore environmental, nutritional, and social factors that may influence the occurrence and progression of IBD.

ABSTRACT Chonghua Palace, Emperor Qianlong’s princely residence before his reign, was extensively renovated during the early Qianlong era (1736–1795). Its front hall, Chongjing Hall, retains original early-Qianlong polychrome paintings that exemplify mid-Qing decorative craftsmanship. By now, technical studies of these paintings remain limited, particularly regarding mid-Qing techniques. Therefore, this study, integrating cross-section microscopy, polarized light microscopy, fluorescent staining microscopy and SEM-EDS with archival research, conducted an in-depth analysis of the materials and execution of these paintings. Five key techniques were identified: shuase (刷色), lifen tiejin (沥粉贴金), jinzhuomo (金琢墨), hua (画), and miaonijin (描泥金). Results demonstrate the presence of complex chromatic layering and composite material systems, reflecting technological ingenuity and artistic innovation divergent from late-Qing practices. These findings provide critical technical benchmarks for mid-Qing official architectural polychromy.

The use of school websites has been widely discussed in previous studies; however, research that specifically focuses on the development of school information service systems that are collaboratively managed through a multi-user approach remains relatively limited. Common problems include inactive school websites, lack of sustainable management, and content management centralized in a single administrator, which hinder the effectiveness of information services. This study aimed to develop a web-based information service system at SMK Negeri 1 Padang that is capable of integrating school information management in a centralized, structured, and collaborative manner. The study employed a software engineering approach using a Research and Development (R&D) method with a Waterfall development model. Research participants included the administrative office, curriculum staff, teachers, the treasurer, and students, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observations, structured and semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive and technical analysis. The results showed that the developed system was able to enhance the effectiveness of managing and delivering school information through the implementation of multi-user features, data integration, and the application of the Model–View–Controller architecture in the Laravel framework. These findings contribute to the development of educational information systems by emphasizing the importance of role-based access management in supporting schools’ digital transformation, while also providing a practical solution for improving transparency, accessibility, and the quality of information services for the wider community.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of implementing Solar-Powered Street Lighting (PJUTS) as an alternative lighting solution in Campus C of UNINDRA PGRI. The background of this research is driven by the high operational electricity costs of the existing conventional street lighting system and the need to transition toward clean energy. The analysis methods include a technical comparison of off-grid systems, an economic evaluation based on cost savings, and an assessment of environmental impacts. The technical analysis indicates that PJUTS is highly feasible due to its ability to operate independently without reliance on the national electricity grid, thereby ensuring lighting continuity during power outages. From an economic perspective, although the initial investment (CAPEX) is higher than that of conventional street lighting, the project is considered feasible as it eliminates monthly electricity bills permanently, resulting in long-term budget efficiency and financial benefits. The Payback Period analysis shows that the initial investment can be recovered through cumulative operational cost savings. Environmentally, the implementation of PJUTS significantly contributes to carbon emission reduction and supports the Green Campus vision through the utilization of renewable energy. Overall, the transformation of the existing street lighting system into PJUTS represents a strategic and feasible initiative that fulfills effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability criteria.

The study aimed to address the principles of circularity and sustainable development in the construction sector in the context of post-war reconstruction. General information on the classification of rubble was collected by analysing analytical reports, laws and regulatory and planning documents. The method of generalisation and systematisation was used to study the existing approaches to forming a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of rubble processing technologies. Statistical data on the volume of destruction were processed using statistical analysis and data mining. The technical and technological analysis was used to assess the technical feasibility of sorting, crushing and further processing of construction materials. The analysis determined that as of 01.05.2024, a total of 4073 multi-apartment buildings in administrative districts in Kharkiv were destroyed. In the Saltivskyi administrative district, located in the eastern part of Kharkiv, 865 residential units were destroyed, while in the Kyivskyi district in the north-east of the city, 823 were destroyed. The study analysed the destruction in the Kharkiv region, the social and infrastructural burden in the Lviv region, and the specific environmental and transit conditions in the Zakarpattia region. The total direct economic damage caused to Ukraine since the beginning of the full-scale invasion has amounted to more than 155 billion USD. The massive destruction resulted in significant volumes of construction waste, which poses a substantial environmental threat and needs to be addressed immediately. An analysis of information from open sources and the media showed that the application of an integrated approach to the management of rubble based on the principles of the circular economy not only minimised the environmental impact of massive infrastructure destruction but also contributed to the efficient use of secondary resources in the process of restoring the affected areas. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of applying the results obtained to develop effective strategies for managing construction waste in the context of post-war reconstruction, in particular through the introduction of systems for sorting, recycling and reuse of secondary materials at the national and regional levels

The paper presented the results of an experimental study of the use of ecological materials for the construction of industrial infrastructure facilities, conducted during 2022-2024. Based on a series of standardised tests, a comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical characteristics of conventional and environmental materials (steel/recycled steel, ordinary/geopolymer concrete, mineral wool/flax and hemp shives, ceramic tiles/bamboo panels) was carried out. It was established that ecological materials reach 85-95% of the strength indicators of conventional analogues while reducing the weight of structures by 30-40%. The reduction of energy consumption of buildings by 25-35% and reduction of CO2 emissions during production by 40-60% was confirmed. The study of physical and mechanical properties showed that recycled steel shows a decrease in tensile strength by only 5-8% with a reduction in the weight of structures by 3%, and geopolymer concrete shows a decrease in compressive strength by 10% compared to concrete. Thermal insulation materials based on flax and hemp shives showed an increase in thermal conductivity by 10% with a significant decrease in density by 60%. Durability tests had shown a 25% reduction in frost resistance and 20-25% reduction in fire resistance, which requires the development of additional technical solutions. Technical and economic analysis of the life cycle had shown that despite the higher initial cost of environmental materials by 15-20%, their use reduces operating costs by 30-40%. The most significant reduction in heating and cooling costs was by 35-40%. The possibility of recycling 85-90% of materials has been confirmed, which reduces recycling costs by 50-60%. Based on the results of accelerated ageing tests, it was found that the service life of structures made of eco-friendly materials reaches 20-25 years while maintaining the main operational characteristics. Increased resistance of geopolymer concretes to aggressive media was revealed – maintaining up to 90% strength after prolonged exposure to chemically active substances. Practical recommendations on the selection and use of ecological materials were developed, considering the specifics of the operation of industrial facilities, and a methodology for comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness was proposed

The cultural authority of science and religion.

The explosive growth and rapidly growing technology sophistication have turned bug detection into an urgent issue in the modern gaming industry. Poor bug detection may even destroy the player experience and the commercial success. Traditional bug detection approaches are mostly manual-based, and they are inefficient, costly, and ineffective for the exploding size and sophistication of game environments. In this paper, a survey and technical analysis are conducted of four representative game bug detection approaches based on public dataset validation, including text, image, static analysis, and dynamic analysis approaches. The analysis shows that different game types may benefit from different approaches, which have their own pros and cons for different bug types. Meanwhile, different combination approaches of these four types could also reduce the false positive rate effectively. The study provides practical hints for the game quality assurance team. They could trade off the accuracy, latency, and domain applicability.

ABSTRACT The growing demand for smart, connected and electrified products across diverse industries is requiring increased production volumes in the wire harness manufacturing industry, significantly increasing the workload on wire harness assembly workers and raising concerns about their occupational health due to the well-known highly manual and non-ergonomic nature of their job tasks. This study addresses the research question on the technical feasibility and financial viability of semi-automating a manual wire harness assembly process for improved productivity and enhanced ergonomics using a collaborative robot (cobot) equipped with a computer vision system for flexibility as part of a wire harness collaborative assembly solution. The integration of cobots to support wire harness assembly process tasks aims to partially automate manual tasks, increase productivity and enhance occupational health for wire harness assembly workers. Process simulation software was used for the technical feasibility analysis of this study to answer the research question defined by performing ergonomic assessments and task optimisations in different types of wire harnesses serving various industries. Furthermore, the financial viability of this semi-automation approach was evaluated based on its potential return on investment.

Why are recyclable material recovery facilities not economically self-sustaining? A technical, financial and social analysis based on data from units in Brazil.

Road construction in hilly regions of Indonesia presents complex technical and financial challenges due to extreme topographical variations. This study examines the integration of technical design analysis with the Indonesian Standard Unit Price Method (AHSP) to improve cost estimation accuracy and risk management. Using the Batauga–Sampolawa road project in South Buton Regency as a case study, the research analyzes how longsection and cross-section designs influence earthwork volumes and subsequent cost structures. Results indicate that hilly topography necessitates significant slope stabilization measures and unbalanced cut-fill volumes, directly impacting cost distribution. Through AHSP-based cost projection for 2025, the study identifies critical risk factors including fuel price volatility, material classification uncertainties, and equipment productivity in steep terrain. The research demonstrates that an integrated design-cost approach enables more realistic budgeting and proactive risk mitigation in hilly road projects. Recommendations include the adoption of digital terrain modeling, AHSP adjustment factors for hilly conditions, and contingency planning for geotechnical uncertainties.

Abstract The Indian Information Technology (IT) sector has emerged as one of the most dynamic and influential industries in the global market, contributing significantly to India’s GDP and employment generation. This research paper aims to study the effectiveness of various charting techniques — including bar charts, area charts, candlestick patterns, and Heikin Ashi patterns — in predicting stock market trends. By employing a combination of quantitative techniques and technical chart analysis, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of stock performance and market behavior over a defined period. The research highlights the predictive potential of these charting methods, their accuracy in identifying market reversals, and the overall implications for investment decisions. Key findings indicate that while individual charting techniques vary in precision, a combined approach enhances predictive reliability. This study contributes to existing literature by evaluating the practical effectiveness of charting techniques, offering valuable insights for investors, analysts, and academicians. Keywords · Charting Techniques · Stock Market Prediction · Technical Analysis · Candlestick Patterns · Heikin Ashi Patterns · Investor Insights

Portfolio Construction and Technical Analysis: Evidence from IT and Banking Sectors in India

A modified urodynamic quality control quick checklist for pediatrics: Reducing technical artifacts to enhance assessment reliability.

Electric Vehicle Batteries Recycling: A Review.

Technical drawing is a core skill for any Mechanical Engineering program, intended to equip students with the fundamentals of technical design communication while assimilating key concepts such as views, perspectives, dimensioning, tolerancing and materials selection. Technical drawings are manually-graded by the lead instructor by assessing the drawing's proficiency and quality based on a set of standards and marking criteria. For large student cohorts, this becomes a time-consuming activity, potentially leading to ‘marking fatigue’, usually producing highly variable grades and feedback. By using a dataset of 32 student drawings and a five-criterion rubric, we compare AI-generated grades with historic human-marker scores through error analysis, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results suggest there is no significant statistical difference between the marks/grades awarded by AI and a human marker. This, however, will depend on the prompting engineering techniques applied, together with additional practices such as role-setting and context-setting. The study also identifies limitations—such as OCR-induced hallucinations, variability between LLM platforms, and lack of batch-processing capabilities—that currently constrain full automation.

Introduction: inline speed skating remains underexplored in scientific literature, especially on curved sections of the track. Objective: given its biomechanical similarities to ice speed skating, this systematic review aims to synthesize current research on biomechanic variables, motor patterns, and observational methodologies. Methodology: following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science and PubMed using comprehensive Boolean expressions targeting skating performance and biomechanics. Results: a total of 5825 articles were initially identified, with 4581 unique records screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on inline or ice speed skating technique during curves. Discussion: the studies analyzed push-off mechanics, leg asymmetry, body tilt, stroke frequency, and trajectory. Video capture methodologies were consistently employed, often synchronized with electromyographic and force measurement tools. Asymmetric push-off behavior, particularly greater contribution from the left leg during the curve, was a key finding. Trajectory optimization and inward tilt were also correlated with enhanced performance. Conclusions: the review highlights that biomechanical asymmetries, especially during crossover techniques, play a critical role in speed maintenance through curves. Consistent trunk-pelvis alignment and skating close to the inner curve line were associated with better outcomes. Future research should prioritize inline skating studies, standardize testing protocols, and expand sample sizes to better inform sport-specific training practices.

The rapid development of robo-advisory and quantitative investment has been accompanied by persistent concerns about limited personalization and the opacity of black-box models operating on multimodal financial information. This paper addresses these issues from a decision-support perspective by constructing FinErva, a multimodal chain-of-thought dataset tailored to financial applications. FinErva comprises 7,544 manually verified question-answer pairs, divided into two economically relevant tasks: contract and disclosure understanding (FinErva-Pact) and candlestick-chart-based technical analysis (FinErva-Price). Building on this dataset, the paper propose a two-stage training framework: Supervised-CoT Learning followed by Self-CoT Refinement, and apply it to eight vision-language models, each with fewer than 0.8 billion parameters. Empirical results show that those lightweight models approach the performance of finance professionals and clearly outperform non-expert investors. Overall, the findings indicate that appropriately designed multimodal chain of thought supervision enables interpretable modeling of key research tasks such as contract review and chart interpretation under realistic computational and deployment constraints, providing new data and methodology for the development of personalized, explainable, and operationally feasible AI systems in investment advisory and risk management.

Background and Aim: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) continues to be endemic in Indonesia, with live bird markets (LBMs) serving as key points for zoonotic transmission. While national assessments exist, there is a lack of local joint risk assessments (JRAs) specifically focused on LBMs. This study conducted the first district-level, multisectoral JRA of HPAI H5N1 at the human–animal–environment interface in LBMs of Bogor District and Municipality, Indonesia, utilizing the FAO–WHO–WOAH JRA Operational Tool adapted for subnational use. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, participatory JRA was carried out through a structured five-stage process, including governance formation, risk pathway development, stakeholder validation, technical risk analysis, and final consultation. In total, fifty stakeholders from sectors such as human health, animal health, environmental, trade, market, academic, and local government took part. Evidence was triangulated from poultry movement logs, animal and human surveillance data (Integrated Animal Health Information System [iSIKHNAS] and Early Warning and Response System [Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini dan Respons; SKDR), environmental sampling at 15 LBMs, trader interviews, and prior market studies. The risk analysis concentrated on the likelihood, impact, and uncertainty of human H5N1 infection over a 12-month period. Results: More than 90% of approximately 25 million poultry supplied annually to LBMs originated locally, with marked seasonal surges during religious festivals. Risk pathways highlighted poultry trade networks, market handling practices, slaughtering activities, and inadequate sanitation as key transmission nodes. Two environmental samples tested positive for influenza A, but no H5 subtype or human cases were detected locally since 2017. Consensus-based risk estimation classified the likelihood of at least one human H5N1 infection as low, with minor potential population-level impact. Uncertainty was rated moderate due to limited wild bird surveillance, incomplete environmental sampling, and variable data quality across sectors. Conclusion: This district-level JRA identified LBMs as persistent but manageable risk nodes for HPAI H5N1 transmission in Bogor. While the current risk to human health was assessed as low, structural and behavioral vulnerabilities justify proactive mitigation. Priority actions include strengthening LBM biosecurity, improving waste management, enhancing environmental surveillance, and reinforcing integrated One Health coordination. The study demonstrates the feasibility and policy relevance of locally implemented JRAs and provides an operational model for decentralized zoonotic risk assessment in endemic settings. Keywords: avian influenza, joint risk assessment, live bird markets, One Health, poultry trade networks, public health risk, subnational surveillance, zoonotic disease.

With the continuous and rapid growth of global photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, the fluctuation, intermittence, and randomness of its output aggravate the inertia loss of traditional power systems, which poses severe challenges to grid voltage stability, frequency regulation, and safe operation of equipment. Stability control of PV power stations has become a necessary aspect of technical support for the construction of new power systems (NPSs). In this paper, a technical analysis framework of stability control of photovoltaic power stations is systematically constructed. First, the core stability problems of photovoltaic systems are sorted out. Then, a technical review of the three control levels, namely the equipment, system, and grid, is carried out. At the same time, the application potential of emerging technologies such as data-driven and AI control, digital twin predictive control, and advanced grid-forming (GFM) inverters is described. Based on existing reviews, this paper proposes an equipment–system–grid hierarchical analysis framework and explicitly integrates emerging technologies with classical methods. This framework provides references for the selection, engineering deployment, and future research directions of stability control technologies for photovoltaic power plants, while also offering technical support for the safe and efficient operation of high-penetration renewable energy power grids.