Teachings Of Sufism Research Articles

Analysis of the Traditionalist and Modernist Characteristics in the Interpretation of Al-Muawwidzatain in Al-Qaul Al-Bayan and Al-Burhan

This research is motivated by the writer's interest in the various styles of exegesis (tafsir) that have developed, and the tendency for each style to have its own characteristics. Among the styles of exegesis, there are those with linguistic, philosophical, Sufi, legal, scientific, literary, and social characteristics. In its development, not only these styles exist, but in West Sumatra, the polemic between traditionalist and modernist groups has also influenced the interpretation styles of scholars in the context of certain verses. Traditionalists are a group that emphasizes the importance of tradition in understanding everything, including in the study of exegesis. Meanwhile, the modernist group emphasizes modern characteristics in responding to everything, including their study of the Quranic verses (tafsir). This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (Library Research). The primary sources in this research are the exegesis books al-Qaul al-Bayan and al-Burhan. Secondary sources include books, articles, and scholarly writings related to the research. The analysis in this study uses the characteristics of traditionalism and modernism. The findings show that the traditionalist characteristics are evident in al-Qaul al-Bayan in five ways: referring to the four founders of the schools of thought, particularly Imam Shafi'i, i.e., the Quran, Hadith, Ijma' (consensus), and Qiyas (analogy); the knowledge is reinforced in classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning); it is influenced by the religious teachings of Sufism, particularly Imam Ghazali; it justifies additional practices; and it emphasizes the importance of tariqa (spiritual paths). The modernist characteristics are evident in al-Burhan in three ways: its ideology refers to the Quran and Sunnah, it uses a rational approach to oppose bid'ah (innovation) and khurafat (superstition), and it focuses more on the enhancement of faith.

The Controversy of Wujūdīyah Sufism: Muḥammad Zain ibn Faqīh Jalāl al-Dīn's Response to the Doctrine of the Seven Stages in the 18th Century

This article discusses the teaching of the seven stages (martabat tujuh) in the 18th century, which had previously developed and became controversial in the Nusantara region since the 17th century. The seven stages are a central topic in philosophical Sufi teachings. The article's primary focus is the response of Muḥammad Zain ibn Faqīh Jalāluddīn al-Āsyī (d. 1783 CE), as articulated in his translation and commentary on the book Umm al-Barāhīn. Although the book he translated and commented on pertains to creed (aqīdah), he interjected his views regarding the seven stages. Using the socio-intellectual and historical approach, this study illustrates how Muḥammad Zain established the Sunni-Ash'ārī creed. The doctrine of the seven stages is complex, and finding competent scholars to explain it is challenging. However, Muḥammad Zain cautiously evaluates the proponents of the doctrine of the unity of existence, which forms the basis of the seven stages, such as Ibn Arabī and ‘Abd Karīm al-Jīlī. He even sharply criticizes those who mislead figures like Ibrāhim al-Kurānī, Aḥmad al-Qushāshī, and ‘Abdurraūf al-Fansūrī. Muḥammad Zain's views also reflect the dominance of the Sunni-Ash'ari creed, indirectly impacting the decline of philosophical Sufi trends in Aceh, particularly and in the Malay territory generally.

Sufi Teachings and Well-Being: Self-Transcendence in Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love

Sufi Teachings and Well-Being: Self-Transcendence in Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love

SUFISM AND ISLAMIZATION IN MALAYSIA: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

This article discusses the role of Sufism in Malaysia’s Islamization, tracing its historical development, cultural influence, and integration with local religious traditions. Sufism is an Islamic mystical practice that emphasizes divine proximity, spiritual transformation, and inner peace. Thus, it was pivotal to the gradual adoption of Islam in Malaysia. This research studies the religious landscape of the region before Islamization, including Buddhism, Hinduism, and indigenous beliefs. The influence of Sufism was brought about by the arrival of Islam and facilitated by trade routes and scholarly exchanges. This helped to ease the transition by incorporating local spiritual practices. Early Sufi figures, such as Sheikh Ismail al-Khalidi al-Rumi, Sheikh Nuruddin al-Raniri, and Sheikh Ahmad al-Fatani, were instrumental in spreading Sufi teachings and establishing a lasting presence in Malaysia's religious environment. This study sheds light on the significance of the inclusive spirituality and cultural adaptability of Sufism in promoting a harmonious integration of Islamic principles within Malaysia's unique cultural texture. By focusing on personal transformation and devotion, Sufism not only contributed to the Islamization process but also enriched Malaysia's Islamic identity by blending tradition with mysticism to present a unique form of spiritual expression.

Unlocking Spiritual Enlightenment: A Critical Study of Idries Shah’s The Way of the Sufi

The Way of the Sufi (2015) stands as a significant signpost into Sufi literature, offering profound insights into the mystical tradition of Sufism, and introducing revered Sufi figures, their ideologies, and texts. This study analyses Shah's main work, focusing on its portrayal of Sufi philosophy, enlightenment practices, and transmission of spiritual knowledge through literary styles used in the book. The study argues that Sufi literature’s effective method of spiritual guidance and enlightenment is empowered by the distinctive narrative style and philosophical themes presented by the Sufis in the form of poems or stories. This study highlights the significance of Sufi literature in general, its literary style, and the spiritual accomplishments presented. A comprehensive examination of Shah’s thoughts is aimed at revealing the profound depths of Sufi teachings to offer new insights and develop an understanding of Sufi’s philosophical tenets, deep divine love, and broader cultural implications of spiritual devotion.

Konsep Etika Keutamaan dalam Tasawuf Abdul Qadir Al-Jailani dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Terbentuknya Akhlak Manusia

This study aims to explore the concept of ethical virtue in the teachings of Sufism of Abdul Qadir al-Jailani and its relevance in the formation of modern human character. According to al-Jailani, purification of the soul is a key element in achieving moral perfection. This process consists of several spiritual stages, namely repentance, which means returning to Allah with regret and determination to improve oneself; zuhud, freeing oneself from worldly attachments; tawakal, which is surrendering oneself completely to the will of Allah; patience, being steadfast in facing all life's tests; honesty, behaving according to the truth; gratitude, always being grateful for all the blessings given; and ridha, accepting all His decisions sincerely. These stages aim to improve individual morals and guide them towards a better life spiritually and ethically. This study uses a library research method with a qualitative approach, in which content analysis techniques are applied to comprehensively understand al-Jailani's teachings. The results of the study indicate that the concept of ethical virtue taught by al-Jailani is very relevant in the development of human character, both in the past and the present. His teachings can be integrated into the modern ethical and moral education system as an effort to form individuals with noble morals. The appreciation of these values allows humans to live more meaningfully, have good morals, and contribute to creating a more dignified society. In facing modern moral challenges, such as materialism and individualism, al-Jailani's teachings can be a relevant and sustainable ethical guide.

The Language of the Birds. Concerning the Unity of Almighty God. Part II (Introductory article, translation, historical and cultural commentary by Yulia E. Fedorova)

The article introduces an annotated translation of the second part of the Glorification of God “Concerning the Unity of Almighty God” (Fī tawḥīd-i Bārī Taʻālā) from the maṯnawī “The Language of the Birds” (Manṭiq al-ṭayr) by Farīd al-Dīn ʻAṭṭār Nīshābūrī. The greatest Persian Sufi poet of the late 12th — early 13th century ʻAṭṭār made the history as one of the most authoritative representatives of the tradition of the didactic poem (maṯnawī) in Persian literature. His main poem, “The Language of the Birds”, introduces the most concise statement of the Sufi method for understanding the Divine through understanding one’s own soul. The author focuses on the prologue to the poem and proves that ʻAṭṭār offers his own interpretation of the Unity and Oneness of God (tawḥīd-i Allāh) and recognizes the thesis of Divine transcendence and immanence. ʻAṭṭār discusses the selfhood of God and His attributes (ẕāt wa ṣifāt-i Allāh), asserts his incomprehensibility by reason, defines the place of man in the created world as the “viceroy” of God (ẖalīfa) and therefore capable of knowing God. The author comes to the conclusion, that for ʻAṭṭār achieving the ultimate goal of the path to God (ṭarīq) comes down to experiential knowledge of God. The presented translation allows us to identify the main features of the Sufi discourse of ʻAṭṭār with his own range of topics, questions and ways of understanding the objectives of Islamic doctrine and Sufi teaching.

Sinergi Tasawuf dalam Menggapai Kebahagiaan Serta Pengaruhnya pada Semangat Belajar Anak

The spirit of learning is a drive or enthusiasm shown by students through their involvement in learning to acquire skills and knowledge. The spirit of learning can affect the learning outcomes that students achieve. This study aims to describe the influence of the synergy of Sufism in increasing happiness that can affect the enthusiasm for learning, this study uses a library method in obtaining data that will be presented and the results obtained are that the synergy between the teachings of Sufism and efforts to achieve happiness have a significant influence on a person's enthusiasm for learning. Sufism practices such as muhasabah, zuhud, and tawakkal can create a calm, hopeful, and goal-oriented inner condition. This positive inner condition, in turn, encourages individuals to be more active in seeking knowledge. The synergy between Sufism and efforts to achieve happiness is the key to increasing the enthusiasm for learning. By understanding and practicing the values ??of Sufism, individuals can find strong intrinsic motivation to continue learning and developing.

The archive of hospitality in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret: A Sufi feminist revision

ABSTRACT This article argues that Leila Aboulela’s Minaret offers a Sufi feminist theological reformulation of the role that hospitality rituals play in the life of the novel’s diasporic protagonist. Najwa’s childhood recollections memorialize secular hospitality practices of caregiving and almsgiving in which she and her mother engaged in their native Sudan and which foreground the catalytic role of maids in such practices. After her mother’s death in London, Najwa joins a community of women in the Regent’s Park Mosque, who reacquaint her with her Muslim faith through Sufi teachings that resituate these hospitality rites as ones performed by God towards believers. Through these rituals, Najwa embraces the life of a hijabi maid. Performing housework as a ritualistic form of hospitality, Najwa transposes her nostalgic memories of home into a diasporic, theological form of belonging that challenges traditional notions of fixed origins and advances the interplay between physical displacement and spiritual belonging.

Money In The Eyes Of Sufism: Insights From An Indonesian Tariqat

Money has historically been used as a means of oppression, personal gain, and manipulation in politics, law, and justice, often contributing to societal discord. This article examines the concept of money and its societal perceptions through the lens of Prof. Dr. H. Kadirun Yahya, a prominent Indonesian Sufi and Mursyid of the Tariqah Naqshbandiyah, known for his success in managing a wide range of business ventures. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews, observation, and documentation, the study investigates Yahya's numerous business initiatives aimed at fostering prosperity. These initiatives span diverse sectors such as agribusiness, including large-scale plantations (oil palm, apple, orange, and other crops), livestock farming (poultry, fish, ducks, goats, and cows), and enterprises in furniture manufacturing, workshops, drinking water factories, electronics, travel services, and more. The findings highlight Yahya's belief that money serves as a manifestation of divine light, a tool for attaining blessings and life's necessities. While money lacks inherent value, it remains essential for human existence. His view, consistent with other Sufi teachings, likes money to a mirror that reflects various possibilities based on its use. Grounded in Sufi principles that emphasize unity, illumination, and divine manifestation, Yahya argues that money should be employed to combat injustice, dishonesty, and exploitation. Its ultimate purpose is to uphold morality, promote social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and meet basic human needs. This research underscores the importance of further studies on integrating Sufi values into business management.

Unveiling the Intellectual and Spiritual Endeavours of Muslim Women in Ibn ‘Asakir’s Tarikh Madinah Dimashq

This article explores the rich intellectual legacy of Muslim women, as documented in Ibn ‘Asakir's renowned work Tarikh Madinah Dimashq to uncover their multifaceted contributions across diverse domains of scholarship. This study employs content analysis method to investigate biographical entries of Muslim women with a specific focus on Volume 80, which centres on Tarajim al-Nisa’. The study focuses on women's essential role in shaping the intellectual legacy, as well as their significant contributions to the intellectual endeavours, which encompassed the study of Quran, hadith transmission, Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic inheritance law, grammar, and others. Their scholarly activities extended beyond transcribing texts, thus depicting a broad range of their intellectual pursuits. Historical narratives illustrated Muslim women's intellectual journeys, which were often undertaken alongside male family members, highlighting their empowering commitment to knowledge and learning. The history of family-based learning had been emphasized in the Islamic intellectual legacy, with private households functioning as important educational institutions for women. The discussion within Tarikh Ibn Asakir also included prominent women who were actively involved in sufi teachings and practices. Finally, this paper sheds light on Muslim women's profound intellectual endeavours mentioned in Tarikh Madinah Dimashq, highlighting their significant role in moulding the Muslim world's scholarly environment throughout history. It emphasized the Islamic tradition's long-standing devotion to knowledge and education, which includes women's vital contributions.

Dinamika Transformasi Tasawuf Era Modern: Neo-Sufisme dan Gerakan Islam Transnasional

This article examines the dynamics transformation of Sufism in the modern era. Sufism in the modern era appears running into transformation both in terms of its concept and movement. From the aspect of the concept of Sufism, modern Sufism is running into a transformation, namely neo-Sufism. Likewise, in the network aspect of the Sufism movement in the modern era, Sufism moves dynamically, from a local movement to becoming a network of transnational Islamic movements. This research is qualitative research using transnationalism theory as an analytical tool and historical studies as an approach. In this research, at least two findings were found. First, the presence of neo-Sufism is a form of transformation of classical Sufism teachings. The concept of neo-Sufism tends to be balanced (tawazun) between exoteric and esoteric aspects and can be a spiritual alternative for urban Muslim communities. Second, modern Sufism can be categorized as a representation of a transnational Islamic movement, as a non-governmental movement structured across countries in terms of thought, spiritual and political movements. The main route behind the transnational Islamic movement of Sufism is through da'wah, trade and immigrants. Keywords: Sufism, Neo-Sufism, Transnationalism, Transformative

Educational Sufism Model in Islamic Boarding School of Bulusari, Gandrungmangu District, Cilacap Regency

This research is motivated by how is being close to Allah so that one gets the world that one aspires to, and in the form of questions about how to purify the heart, achieve the level of ihsan, and get closer to Allah not to ask for the world. The answer to this question is to follow the methods in the sufism education model. The purpose of the study is to analyze the sufism education model at the Salafiyah Safi'iyah Metal Tobat Sunan Kalijaga Bulusari Islamic Boarding School, Cilacap Regency. This study found that the educational sufism model of ihsan seen from the teaching approach, social interaction, and daily life community is an intensive when compared to the sufi, traditional, and urban models. The special approach of the caregiver to be ready to lose for the benefit of the institution and his patience enabling him to maintain the quality of sufism education. The next is to direct the students to be comfortable living in the islamic boarding school on achieving the level of ihsan.

Sufism and the Idrisiyyah Order: An Approach to Religious Moderation in Contemporary Islam

This article discusses the role of Sufism, particularly the Idrisiyyah Order, in promoting religious moderation in the contemporary Islamic era. This research employs a library research method, collecting and analyzing written sources from books, scholarly journals, articles, and official documents. The data collected includes literature on Sufism, the Idrisiyyah Order, and religious moderation in contemporary Islam. The approach combines sociological and religious perspectives, aiming to understand how the Idrisiyyah Order contributes to modern society and how Sufi teachings and the values of religious moderation are applied in daily life. Using the literature study method, this research explores how the teachings of the Idrisiyyah Order, founded by Ahmad Ibnu Idris al-Fasi, emphasize the principles of love, tolerance, and spirituality. This order emerged as a response to the radicalism and extremism prevalent in today's society. The Idrisiyyah Order is crucial in shaping moderate attitudes through educational approaches, community economic development, and strengthening social networks in Indonesia. These Sufi teachings focus on purifying the heart and spreading compassion, contributing to rejecting violence and intolerance. In this way, the Idrisiyyah Order helps create a more harmonious and peaceful society, demonstrating that spiritual teachings can significantly address contemporary social challenges. This study provides insight into how spiritual approaches can effectively promote moderation and tolerance in Islam

Contribution Of The Value Of The Teachings Of Thoriqoh Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah To Islamic Education For The Elderly In Wonosobo Penarik Mukomuko

This research was motivated by the fact that there were still many people, especially the elderly, who did not enter Thoriqoh Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah. These were due to a lack of understanding about Thoriqoh, inadequate feeling, lack of socialization by Thoriqoh administrators, and unstable economic and social factors in the community. The last factor coused that they did not have time or opportunity in joining thoriqoh activities. This type of research was field research using qualitative descriptive research methods. The results of this research show that the values ​​of thoriqoh naqsyabandiyah kholidiyah can be applied in Islamic education for the elderly, namely : Consistency in Dhikr and Worship, Cleansing the Heart (Tazkiyatun Nafs), Discipline in Keeping Time (Waro' and Zuhud), Obedience to Teachers and Mentors Spirituality, Simplicity and Tawakal, Awareness of the Afterlife, Mutual Help and Solidarity (Ukhuwah Islamiyah), Patience and Perseverance, Self-Control (Mujahadah), Peace of Heart and Spiritual Balance. Meanwhile, the contributions of Thoriqoh Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah values in ​​improving the quality of Islamic education for the elderly in Wonosobo village are increasing spiritual calm and happiness, increasing discipline and productivity, strengthening social relations and Islamic brotherhood, deepening awareness of the afterlife, overcoming the challenges of old age patiently. and Tawakal, Forming the Elderly as Spiritual Role Models, Maintaining Mental and Spiritual Balance. The challenges faced in implementing the values ​​of thoriqoh naqsyabandiyah kholidiyah among the elderly in Wonosobo Village, Penarik District, Mukomuko Regency are Physical and Health Limitations, Limited Access to Education and Spiritual Guidance, Lack of Understanding of the Teachings of Sufism, Lack of Support from the Social Environment, Differences in Religious Background and Preferences, Psychological and Emotional Barriers, Limited Facilities and Infrastructure, Influence of Local Culture, Difficulty in Internalizing Values.

The Influence of Sufi Traditions On The Spiritual Life Of The Karakalpaks

he dissemination of Islam in the Khorezm and Aral Sea region is profoundly intertwined with the teachings of Sufism, which played a pivotal role in shaping the spiritual landscape of the area. Sufi missionaries emerged as the foremost proponents of Islam among the Turkic nomadic peoples, utilising their mystical and inclusive approach to attract a diverse following. This article aims to explore the principal characteristics of Sufism's spread and its subsequent development within the social and spiritual lives of the Karakalpaks. The legacy of Sufism in the Khorezm and Aral Sea region is evident in the ongoing spiritual practices and cultural expressions of the Karakalpaks. Today, elements of Sufi thought continue to influence their rituals, art, and literature, reflecting the enduring impact of Sufism on their social and spiritual life.

NAVIGATING MODERNITY: HAMKA’S RESPONSES TO THE CHALLENGES OF SECULARISM AND MATERIALISM

This article explores Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA)’s conceptualization of modern Sufism and its response to the challenges posed by secularism and materialism. In contemporary discourse, traditional Sufi teachings face increasing scrutiny and adaptation in light of prevailing secular ideologies and materialistic pursuits. Through a comprehensive analysis of HAMKA's writings, speeches, and philosophical perspectives, this research investigates how HAMKA reinterprets traditional Sufi principles to resonate with the realities of the modern world. Emphasizing themes of spirituality, ethics, and social responsibility, HAMKA's modern Sufism offers a compelling framework for navigating the complexities of secularism and materialism while preserving the essence of Sufi wisdom. This study highlights HAMKA's visionary approach to modern Sufism, providing valuable insights into its relevance and significance in contemporary discourse on spirituality and social ethics.

SEJARAH INTELEKTUAL ISLAM: KONTRIBUSI DAN PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN Al-GHAZALI TERHADAP DUNIA ISLAM ABAD KE 11 M

This research discusses al-Ghazali's contribution and thoughts to the Islamic world in the 11th century M. The focus of the study includes al-Ghazali's success in integrating the teachings of Sufism into the mainstream of Islamic thought, reforming Islamic education, and providing criticism of philosophy that enriches Islamic theological discourse. The aim of this research is to explore the contribution and influence of al-Ghazali's thought on the development of the Islamic world, in three main aspects, namely, Islamic spirituality, the Islamic education curriculum, and the development of Islamic philosophy. Researchers use historical research methods which consist of four stages, namely, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography with a literature review approach by collecting data in the form of books, journals, documents, as well as sources of data and information relevant to the study. This research found that al-Ghazali's main contributions, such as reforms in Islamic theology, criticism of philosophy, and his influence on education and religious thought. In addition, al-Ghazali's intellectual legacy not only enriches Islamic traditions but also offers relevant perspectives in facing contemporary challenges, making his work an important reference in modern Islamic studies today.

DOCTRINES OF UNIVERSAL SUFISM TEACHINGS: AN ANALYSIS

In this day, various teachings, beliefs and thoughts from religion, economic, political and social aspects have penetrated every area of ​​human life through the sophistication of social media technology. Among that challenges are the understanding of spiritual teachings that are served in various forms such as faith and art, mostly aimed at harmony, well-being, unity, peace and love. Each of these spiritual teachings require research and precise understanding where they affect human life directly or indirectly. Therefore, this article tries to scientifically examine the teachings of universal spirituality, by focusing the discussion on the Universal Sufism teachings. This spiritual teachingis getting the attention of Muslims in particular and all people in general. This study uses a literature review approach by referring to the books of Inayat Khan who is the founder of the Universal Sufism and also other relatedwritten materials. The results of the study show that Universal Sufism is a universalspiritual teaching that combines various elements from Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism.

Strategi dan Ajaran tokoh Syekh Siti Jenar dalam Menyebarkan Agama Islam di Kabupaten Bojonegoro

This article discusses the strategies and teachings of Syekh Siti Jenar. Syekh Siti Jenar is known as one of the figures spreading Islam in Java, especially in the Bojonegoro region in the 15th century. This study examines the strategies and teachings used by Sheikh Siti Jenar in preaching Islam among the people of Bojonegoro. Through a historical approach and analysis of primary and secondary sources, it was found that Sheikh Siti Jenar applied an accommodating method of spreading Islam to local culture. He taught Sufism or Islamic mysticism using language and symbols close to the local community. The strategy of spreading Islam applied by Sheikh Siti Jenar is among others through the teaching of Sufism or Islamic mysticism. He taught the concept of oneness with God (manunggaling kawulo Gusti) which emphasized the union of oneself with the Creator. This teaching is conveyed with language and symbols that are close to the local community, making it easier to accept. In addition, Syekh Siti Jenar also uses cultural arts approaches such as puppet performances and cgamcelanc as da'wah media. He incorporated elements of Islamic teachings into the local culture to attract more people to learn Islam. Although his teachings are considered controversial and considered deviant by some scholars, Sheikh Siti Jenar's approach can facilitate the spread of Islam in the midst of Bojonegoro society which is still thick with local beliefs. However, his contribution in spreading Islam in Bojonegoro and its surroundings should be appreciated as one of the milestones in the history of spreading Islam in the archipelago. This research contributed to enriching the historical treasures of the spread of Islam in the archipelago, especially in the Bojonegoro region at that time