Nowadays, physical dance is widely spread in the society as an emerging sport. Dance movement is favored by people because of its unique social function and fitness effect. For dance teaching, dance movement analysis can help optimize and improve the existing dance movements and the understanding and inheritance of traditional dance movements. With the rise of online teaching, intelligent identification and analysis of dance movements can promote the better development of sports dance teaching. However, the relevant research in this area is still very scarce. As the basis of this kind of research, there is an urgent need for dance motion recognition technology. Based on this background, this paper by introducing neural network algorithm for dance teaching sports image special recognition design, the algorithm can combine feature extraction technology to process video, extract the dance movements in the target data set, then for the extraction of cumulative feature extraction operation, in order to accumulate all the collected target features, so as to further complete the gradient histogram acquisition. Through the design experimental test, the cumulative feature image extraction results obtained through the algorithm are obviously better than the traditional image recognition results, so the design rationality and effectiveness of the algorithm are proved, and the sports dance teaching can be specially assisted. This paper designs an effective auxiliary image recognition algorithm by introducing the neural network algorithm into the field of sports dance teaching.