To develop imaging-based measures for disease assessment in noninfectious posterior uveitis (NIPU). A mixed-methods design, beginning with a review of previously developed imaging recommendations formulated by separate subcommittees of the multimodal imaging in uveitis (MUV) initiative, followed by a structured consensus process using the nominal group technique (NGT), facilitated by an independent expert committee. An expert committee reviewed and extracted all consensus-based imaging recommendations from the MUV subcommittee manuscripts focused on five major NIPU entities. The primary objective was to categorize imaging features as suggestive of active disease (SAD), suggestive of inactive disease (SID), or equivocal. This process was conducted using the NGT to reach consensus-based imaging measures. These recommendations were further voted upon by members of the full task force. A total of 49 imaging statements were deliberated using two rounds of NGT and independent voting. For the five included diseases, a total of 21 statements qualified as features of SAD, whereas 12 statements were classified as SID. The remaining 16 statements were categorized as equivocal features that need further investigation to determine whether the disease is active. This study builds upon the multinational efforts of the MUV initiative to extend the standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) work through the integration of additional multimodal imaging information. Defining clear imaging-based outcome measures for NIPU, it establishes a structured framework supporting objective disease assessment. These standardized imaging measures are expected to enhance the utility of multimodal imaging in both routine uveitis care and future clinical trials.

Diagnostic Uncertainty & Improving Diagnostic Certainty in Radiology.

Optimizing Timeliness of Healthcare Delivery in Diagnostic Radiology at U.S. Academic Centers.

Implementing an oncology elective in a doctor of pharmacy curriculum.

Benefits and harms of lung cancer screening strategies in Argentina: a modeling study.

ESTRO clinical practice guideline on radiotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk wall - Endorsed by ASTRO.

Women's screening preferences shift after being informed about the 2024 USPSTF breast cancer screening guideline.

Food insecurity affects nearly 1 in 5 US adults and is associated with barriers to preventive health care. Whether food insecurity is associated with lower national cancer screening adherence and whether Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation is associated with attenuation of these disparities remain unclear. To evaluate the association between food insecurity and guideline-concordant colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening and to assess whether SNAP participation was associated with attenuation of screening disparities among food-insecure adults. This cross-sectional study used 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized US adults. The study took place from May 22 to July 21, 2025. Data analyses were conducted from June 3 to July 7, 2025, and included respondents with complete food insecurity, SNAP participation, covariate, and age- and sex-eligible cancer screening data. Self-reported food insecurity during the past 12 months; SNAP participation served as the primary effect modifier. Guideline-concordant colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening based on US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. Of 251 107 adults included in the analytic cohort, 47 453 (18.9%) reported food insecurity; food-insecure respondents were more often younger than 65 years (35 031 [73.8%] vs 118 063 [58.0%]) and female (27 690 [58.4%] vs 106 203 [52.2%]) compared with food-secure respondents. Screening adherence was lower among food-insecure than food-secure adults for colorectal (10 115 [51.6%] vs 59 825 [63.8%]), breast (1459 [61.2%] vs 7457 [72.5%]), and cervical cancer screening (1124 [39.8%] vs 4682 [50.3%]). In adjusted analyses stratified by SNAP participation, food insecurity was associated with lower odds of colorectal (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83), breast (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79), and cervical cancer screening (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.81) among respondents not enrolled in SNAP. Among food-insecure respondents, adjusted probabilities of being up to date with screening were higher among SNAP participants than nonparticipants for colorectal (48.2% [95% CI, 46.1%-50.2%] vs 46.3% [95% CI, 44.1%-48.4%]; difference, 1.9 [95% CI, 0.5-3.6] percentage points), breast (56.1% [95% CI, 54.0%-58.3%] vs 52.7% [95% CI, 49.7%-55.8%]; difference, 3.4 [95% CI, 1.3-5.6] percentage points), and cervical (51.3% [95% CI, 48.9%-53.8%] vs 45.2% [95% CI, 42.5%-47.4%]; difference, 6.1 [95% CI, 3.8-8.4] percentage points) cancer screening. In this cross-sectional study of 251 107 US adults, food insecurity was associated with lower likelihood of guideline-concordant colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening. Among food-insecure adults, SNAP participation was associated with higher adjusted screening probabilities than nonparticipation.

Racial and ethnic disparities are a concern in lung cancer screening. To investigate the performance of risk prediction models to define screening eligibility across 4 U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Cohort study. United States, Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. 641 830 participants aged 50 to 80 years with a smoking history from 12 U.S. cohorts, including 6390 Asian, 9781 Hispanic, 39 872 non-Hispanic Black, and 585 787 non-Hispanic White participants. Calibration and discrimination were quantified for 16 lung cancer prediction models. Then, screening-related metrics were calculated after applying model thresholds to select the same number of eligible participants as the 2021 criteria from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF-2021). These included eligibility, sensitivity, and efficiency measured as estimated number needed to screen (NNS; the ratio between participants and lung cancer cases) for each strategy or prediction model in each racial and ethnic group. General patterns across the 16 models included substantial underestimation of lung cancer risk in non-Hispanic Black participants (expected-observed ratio < 0.75 for 11 of 16 models), lower discrimination in Asian participants than all other groups (13 of 16 models), and lower discrimination in non-Hispanic Black than non-Hispanic White participants (15 of 16 models). When a same-sized screening-eligible population as USPSTF-2021 (38.0%) was enforced, all risk-based strategies achieved better average estimated screening efficiency and reduced racial and ethnic differences in efficiency compared with USPSTF-2021. The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Model 2012 (PLCOm2012) and Life Years gained From Screening-Computed Tomography model (LYFS-CT) performed best (mean estimated NNS, 36.5 [SD, 8.8] and 40.1 [SD, 8.2], respectively). However, no strategy could simultaneously optimize eligibility, sensitivity, and efficiency while also reducing racial and ethnic differences. Smaller sample for Asian and Hispanic participants. To optimize efficiency and minimize its variation across racial and ethnic groups, risk-based strategies were superior to USPSTF criteria. Further optimization of prediction models for the diverse U.S. population is needed. U.S. National Cancer Institute, Lung Cancer Research Foundation, and Cancer Research UK.

Beyond arrhythmias: Exploring heart failure in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends low-dose aspirin (LDA, 81 mg/day) after 12 weeks of pregnancy to reduce preeclampsia risk. While its effectiveness for prevention is well-established, less is known about the effects on postpartum hypertensive outcomes. This study aimed to examine whether LDA prescription in pregnancy (≤36 weeks' gestation) is associated with postpartum hypertensive outcomes through 6 weeks postpartum. This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical record data from deliveries (2018-2019) at New England's largest safety-net hospital. Among 1,773 patients meeting USPSTF criteria for LDA initiation, 523 were prescribed LDA. Patients were propensity score (PS)-matched 1:1 on risk factors and prenatal care site (primary matched cohort: n = 784); a secondary PS-matched analysis was restricted to patients with one or more high-level risk factors (high-risk matched cohort: n = 212). Primary outcomes included antihypertensive use during hospitalization, antihypertensive prescription at discharge, and severe-range postpartum hypertension. Risk ratios (RRs) were estimated using log-binomial regression. Joint effects of LDA and preeclampsia were assessed using LDA -/PreE- as reference. In the primary matched cohort, compared with LDA- patients, LDA+ patients had higher rates of antihypertensive use during hospitalization (RR: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.12), discharge prescription (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.95-2.12), and severe-range hypertension (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.06). Associations did not persist in the high-risk matched cohort. In joint effects analyses, preeclampsia was associated with postpartum hypertensive outcomes regardless of LDA. Compared with LDA -/PreE - , the LDA +/PreE+ group had elevated risks; point estimates were highest among LDA -/PreE+ patients. Associations between LDA and postpartum hypertensive outcomes may vary by baseline risk. Among high-risk patients, LDA was not associated with increased postpartum risk and may attenuate severity for those developing preeclampsia. Further study is needed to clarify LDA's role in reducing postpartum cardiovascular risk. · LDA showed no overall reduction in postpartum hypertensive outcomes.. · In high-risk patients, LDA may lessen postpartum hypertensive complications.. · Among patients with preeclampsia, LDA use was linked to lower postpartum risks.. · Results highlight the need to study LDA in postpartum cardiovascular health..

ABSTRACT This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational policies in the United States, with a focus on California, Texas, Florida, and New York. Drawing on policy diffusion theory and institutional isomorphism, this study examines state-level policy approaches to AI integration, equity, and ethics in K–12 education within the broader federal policy context. Data were drawn from policy briefs, executive orders, task force reports, guidance documents, and policy updates issued between January 2023 and January 2026. Using structured juxtaposition, the analysis examines cross-state variation in policy approaches and the extent to which federal guidance, equity, and ethical concerns are reflected in state-level responses. Findings reveal emerging patterns of convergence and divergence between federal guidance and state legislation shaped by political support, institutional capacity, and policy priorities. This study contributes to the literature by identifying emerging patterns of AI governance across states, clarifying the role of federal guidance as a normative reference point, and advancing understanding of how equity and ethical considerations are embedded in state AI education policies. This study also highlights implications for educational policy, practice, and future research to ensure AI in K-12 education is adopted in ethical and equitable ways within a decentralized federal system.

Sodium thiosulfate (STS) has recently been approved as an otoprotectant for systemic use in pediatric cancer patients receiving cisplatin treatment for localized, nonmetastatic solid tumors by the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. While incorporating STS into the current standard of care pediatric practice, questions about uniform, timely, and safe administration are raised that may benefit from additional guidance. Recognizing that advancing clinical practice presents multiple challenges, an international onco-ototoxicity prevention task force, including experts in pediatric oncology, audiology, and pharmacology, was established to identify potential barriers to the implementation of otoprotection and to offer practical solutions for clinical services for children exposed to cisplatin, based on available evidence, as well as consensus where data are less robust. This task force held several online meetings and a working group session at the annual SIOPE meeting in Milan in May 2024, where the challenges for implementing STS were outlined and addressed. Nine key challenges were identified, including, for example, the timing of both cisplatin infusion and STS administration, the optimal integration of STS into existing treatment protocols, potential drug interactions, and relevant economic considerations. In this article, we propose practical steps to address these challenges, informed by the existing literature and expert opinion, incorporating recommendation statements from the international onco-ototoxicity prevention task force on behalf of the SIOP Supportive Care Network, to facilitate the implementation of STS in children with localized, nonmetastatic disease.

The South African National Blood Service (SANBS): A new member of the world apheresis association.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious irreversible, often progressive, lung condition that can lead to respiratory failure and early death. Indian data on epidemiology of the disease is scarce. To better understand the nation-wide burden, population characteristics and treatment outcomes, and capacity building of clinicians for management of patients with ILDs, ICMR's Network of Pulmonary Fibrosis (INPF) was established. Objective: To describe the rationale, protocol, and current status of INPF. The network, consisting of 23 centres across the country, was formally launched in August 2022. Governed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and its task force (TF) committee, INPF has been recruiting all new and previously diagnosed adult patients (age >18 years) with ILDs. The diagnosis and sub classification of ILD was based on multi-disciplinary team discussion (MDD). The data is secured in the online database incorporated in the INPF website. Progress of the network is continuously monitored by the investigators at the centres and by the TF at the ICMR. As on February 2026, 11,544 have been enrolled in INPF. Connective disease associated-ILD (CTD-ILD) was the most common ILD constituting 28.46% (3,286) of the patients. Currently, patients are being enrolled for four proposed sub-studies with satisfactory progress. Four capacity building sessions has been conducted. INPF is one of the largest ILD registries in the world. It also provides pulmonologists a platform to conduct research in ILD and better equip themselves to manage patients.

Background Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer death in the UK and worldwide, but screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC deaths. The UK National Screening Committee has recommended nationwide roll-out of LDCT screening, but the optimal risk thresholds for eligibility remain uncertain. Methods We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis in the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST) population comparing three eligibility criteria: US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2013 , Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian study (PLCO) M2012 ≥1.51% and Liverpool Lung Project model (LLP) v2 ≥5%. A Markov model estimated a no-screening counterfactual. Scenario analyses assessed how increasing PLCO M2012 (1.51%–7%) and LLP v2 (5%–9%) thresholds affected LC detection, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Payouts per detected LC were calculated using mortality and utility estimates from the literature and cost data from the trial. Results Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) versus no screening were £3949 (USPSTF 2013 ), £3797 (LLP v2 ≥5%) and £4013 (PLCO M2012 ≥1.51%). PLCO M2012 yielded the largest numbers screened and LCs detected, most QALYs gained and highest incremental net monetary benefit. Raising LLP v2 and PLCO M2012 thresholds reduced both ICERs and QALYs gained. Conclusion All three screening eligibility criteria are cost-effective according to the UK’s willingness to pay threshold of £20 000/QALY. Within the range of thresholds observed in YLST, PLCO M2012 thresholds between ≥1.51% and ≥4% offered the most efficient cost–benefit trade-offs. Evidence suggests that lowering thresholds further would detect more LC cases while remaining cost-effective. These findings support the criteria implemented in YLST, but do not by themselves identify the optimal screening threshold for the wider UK population. Trial registration number ISRCTN42704678 .

Sex differences in metabolic and inflammatory profiles in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: insights from myocardial and plasma omics

The 2025 American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) Symposium, themed Charting the Future of ACMI, provided a forum for fellows to reflect on the 2020-2025 ACMI Strategic Plan and define future priorities. Discussions centered on: (1) mobilizing ACMI's expertise to guide the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical informatics, (2) advancing informatics education and mentorship across career stages, and (3) strengthening local, national, and global interdisciplinary partnerships. Proposed actions include establishing an AI Task Force, developing an online Education Resource Library, expanding structured mentorship, and cultivating strategic partnerships with relevant informatics, engineering, and clinical organizations. Fellows also identified cross-cutting challenges, including financial pressures, competition with alternative convening spaces, and the need to engage emerging leaders. By addressing these challenges while advancing its strategic imperatives, ACMI aims to serve as a trusted compass for the informatics community.

Purpose This paper aims to explain why the implementation of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-financing of terrorism (CFT) standards vary significantly across sectors within the same national jurisdiction. Using Nigeria as a case study, the paper introduces the concept of dual-speed compliance to explain persistent gaps between technical compliance and functional effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative research design. Data were collected through 36 semi-structured interviews with regulators, financial institutions, designated non-financial businesses and professions (DNFBPs) and security agencies, supplemented by two focus group discussions. Documentary analysis of FATF and Inter-Governmental Action Group Against Money Laundering in West Africa (GIABA) mutual evaluation reports, national risk assessments and relevant legislations was also undertaken. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to enable a systematic cross-sector comparison. Findings The paper shows that AML and CFT compliance in Nigeria operates at differentiated regulatory speeds. Banks and formal financial institutions demonstrate relatively high compliance, which is driven by intensive supervision, international financial exposure and significant compliance investments. In contrast, DNFBPs exhibit weak and uneven compliance because of limited oversight, low awareness, capacity constraints and insulation from global financial pressures. Informal economic actors largely remain outside the regulatory perimeter, resulting in near-total non-compliance and displacement of illicit financial activity. Research limitations/implications The study relies on qualitative data from a single country case, limiting statistical generalisability. However, the findings offer analytical insights that are applicable to other high-informality developing economies. Future research could apply the dual-speed framework comparatively across jurisdictions. Practical implications The paper highlights the need for sector-specific, risk-based supervisory strategies, targeted DNFBPs capacity-building and policies that integrate informal actors through digital identity and financial inclusion initiatives. Originality/value The paper offers original value by introducing dual-speed compliance as a framework for analysing intra-state variation in AML and CFT implementation, which is supported by rare qualitative evidence from a high-informality developing economy.

Preterm birth (PTB, < 37 weeks of gestation) is the leading cause of child mortality in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide, and has substantial short- and long-term health consequences for mothers and infants. Each year, > 350,000 infants in the U.S. are born preterm, and rates continue to rise in parallel with maternal risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, anemia, asthma, and mental health conditions. Evidence-based interventions exist for many of these conditions and are associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, including low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in individuals with chronic hypertension or pregestational diabetes, inhalers for asthma, iron for anemia, and therapy or medication for mental health disorders, but fewer than half of eligible individuals receive them, reflecting persistent gaps in use. To address this, we developed the PTB Actionable Risk Index (PTB-ARIx), which leverages factors with known evidence-based interventions to identify individuals who are pregnant and are at increased risk for PTB. This study evaluates performance of the PTB-ARIx throughout pregnancy with respect to risk determination and characterization of actionable risk factors, including their combined contributions to PTB. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked data for 1.9million singleton live births in California in 2016-2020, divided into training and testing sets. Poisson regression estimated associations between 18 candidate risk factors for PTB with evidence-based interventions spanning clinical, behavioral, and social risks, including preeclampsia risk composites (≥ 1 high-risk or ≥ 2 moderate-risk factors based on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria), maternal conditions (e.g., gestational hypertension, asthma), substance use, and social adversity. Beta coefficients were combined to construct the PTB-ARIx, evaluated by per-unit associations with PTB and by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) overall, by early (< 32 weeks), late (32-36 weeks), spontaneous, and medically-indicated PTB, and by PTB co-occurring with preeclampsia. All risk factors were found to be associated with increased PTB risk. Having ≥ 1 high-risk or ≥ 2 moderate-risk factors for preeclampsia (based on composites) was most strongly related to PTB (relative risk (RR) 6.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.57, 6.89). Each unit increase in PTB-ARIx was associated with > 60% higher PTB risk (RRs 1.66-1.72) across training and testing samples, with consistent findings across PTB and race/ethnicity-insurance subgroups. Model performance was modest for late PTB (AUC ≈ 0.63), stronger for early PTB (0.69-0.72), and especially high for early PTB with preeclampsia (AUCs up to 0.97). Over 70% of individuals with PTB-ARIx scores ≥ 3.00 experienced PTB or another adverse outcome such as low birth weight (< 2,500grams). The PTB-ARIx is a well-performing metric for identifying individuals at increased risk for PTB and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. By centering on modifiable risks, the PTB-ARIx combines risk identification with opportunities for intervention. Demonstrating strong performance across subgroups, including for early PTB and PTB with preeclampsia, the PTB-ARIx provides a potential pathway to improve patient-provider communication and uptake of equitable, evidence-based care. Further validation, including integration with treatment data, is needed to confirm its potential to reduce PTB risk and rates.