Magnetic Tape Research Articles

Simulation Analysis of Thermal Decay and Read-Write Characteristics Depending on the Structure of Sputtered Tape Media

We developed a magnetic recording simulator that takes into account thermal agitation by employing a probabilistic switching model based on the Arrhenius-Neel equation. Using this simulator, we investigated the impact of Capped and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_k</i> -Graded media on sputtered perpendicular media for magnetic tape recording. Our simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data, as evidenced by the consistency of the M-H curves and read-write characteristics. Specifically, we found that the use of Capped media enhances writability, but it also increases the transition noise, while Graded media has no significant effect on writability. Furthermore, our thermal decay simulation showed a correlation between the reproduction output decay and the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M_r/M_s</i> decay, and no clear relationship between the media SNR decay over time and the media <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K_uV/k_BT</i> . These findings illustrate the potential of our simulator as a valuable tool for designing magnetic media.

Challenge of Media Noise Suppression With Oxidation Control in Granular Structure for CoPtCr-Based Sputtered Tape Toward 400 Gb/in2

A sputtered tape that uses a CoPtCr-based granular recording layer consisting of magnetic grains and grain boundary oxides was developed for practical applications in next-generation large-capacity magnetic tapes. The role of oxides in CoPtCr-oxide composite targets in forming nanostructures for the granular layer was investigated under the distinctive conditions of a roll-to-roll sputtering system. It was confirmed that 1) increasing the amount of Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> in the CoPtCr-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> composite target improved the magnetic isolation between magnetic grains and the magnetic anisotropy of the granular recording layer due to diffusion of Si and Cr from within magnetic grains to oxide grain boundaries by oxidation, 2) this magnetic isolation led to 3.6 dB improvement in the broadband signal-to-noise ratio (BB-SNR) at a linear density of 353 kfci through a suppression of noise, and 3) overlaying CoPtCrB alloy layer to this sample as a cap layer brought the higher BB-SNR of 2.3 dB than that for the sample reported by us in TMRC2017. Applying the latest track-following technology, this SNR improvement was estimated to have the potential to achieve an areal density of 375 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .

Grebeg Mantra Memetri of Wonosari Residents Village, Tutur District: A Semiotic Studies

This study aims to find the meaning of the mantra sign in the tradition of Grebeg Memetri. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data source in this study is the spell of slaughtering a cow's head in the Grebeg Memetri tradition. The data collection technique was carried out by primary observation of the Grebeg Memetri tradition done by residents of Wonosari village in Tutur district. The observation is done by conducting audio-visual and picture recordings using tape recorders and handy cams as well as exploratory interviews related to the Grebeg Memetri tradition done by residents of Wonosari village in Tutur district. Based on the results of the analysis, there are five code systems, namely the HER code, which indicates the existence of an enigma in it; the proaretic code (ACT), which regulates the flow of a story or narrative and guarantees that the text read is a story, the semik code (SEME) that makes use of cues, clues, or flashes of meaning elicited by certain markers, cultural code (REF) as markers that refer to a set of references or general knowledge, and symbolic code (SYM) that refers to a set of references or general knowledge that supports the text.

The soundscape of the southern Gulf of Mexico (Veracruz and Campeche)

The southern part of the Gulf of Mexico is a large area where little is known about its soundscape. We measured the environmental noise in Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México from 2004 to 2008 in stations distributed homogeneously in this lagoon during 17 sampling periods using a digital audio tape recorder sampling at 48 kHz with 16 bits for 1 min at each station. We also measured the environmental noise off Alvarado, Veracruz, México in June 2023 using a digital audio tape recorder sampling at 96 kHz with 24 bits for 50 min at four stations. The environmental noise in the recordings was measured with a semi-automatic MATLAB routine designed for this purpose. We will present preliminary results on the environmental noise in these two coastal locations using snapping shrimp sounds as a measure to depict differences in time and space within and between locations. Changes in submarine environmental noise are helping us in understanding the effects of natural phenomena and antropogenic sounds in the distribution and abundance of marine wildlife, such as snapping shrimps and bottlenose dolphins. [Work supported by CONACyT-Campeche, PAPIIT&amp;PASPA-UNAM, SMM, and UV.]

Displaced Women and Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: Exploring Challenges Women With Sexual and Reproductive Health Face in Displaced Camps of Nigeria

Background: Displaced women are affected by sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, often exacerbated by poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, and cultural norms. The aim of this study was to explore SRH issues, the effects of displacement into camps on women’s SRH, and challenges with accessing and utilizing SRH services among women in camps for the displaced in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the women’s SRH challenges, based on 12 focus group discussions between women of different age groups and eight in-depth interviews. The data were collected using tape recorders and notes. Data analysis followed a thematic approach. Ethical approval and appropriate consent were obtained for the study. Results: The majority of research participants stated that sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus was the most serious SRH issue in the camp. Their stay in camp enhanced the women’s vulnerability and exposed them to sex in exchange for basic needs/palliatives, increasing their SRH challenges. Access to and use of SRH services were impacted by their migratory lifestyle, cultural and religious views, lack of SRH knowledge, and other difficulties. Short-term approaches to intervention, health providers’ poor communication, and attitudes were reported to affect SRH service use. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address SRH challenges among women in displaced settings, including proper coordination of humanitarian services, education on transactional sex, encouragement of men to participate in SRH initiatives, and expansion of access to services, as well as the training and hiring of culturally competent healthcare providers.

Эпосоведение

This work is a continuation of the study of the oral heritage of the Khoshuts of Kalmykia, which was widely used in past centuries. The relevance of the study is dictated by the preparation for publication of a corpus of Khoshut folklore texts in the book “Historical and cultural heritage of the Khoshuts of Kalmykia” (2023). The purpose of the article is to describe the plot composition of Khoshut non-fairytale prose. The source of the study was the personal field materials of the authors (2006–2021), recorded in the city of Elista and the regions of Kalmykia, as well as archival materials stored in the Scientific Archive of the Kalmyk Institute for Humanitarian Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. For comparison, texts from printed publications were used, as well as expeditionary materials collected by the authors in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (2012–2019). When writing this article, the authors relied on the descriptive method, the comparative typological method and the comparative analysis. Source analysis of archival and published materials, decoding of records from magnetic tapes (1960–1978), carried out by the authors of the article, made it possible to shed light on unknown and little-known works of non-fairytale prose, recorded by Kalmyk scientists (N. N. Ubushaev (1967; 1970), A. V. Badmaev (1970), A. Sh. Kichikov (1970), L. S. Sangaev (1978), E. B. Ovalov (1982) and others) in the second half of the 20th century. Khoshut storytellers Ochir Badmaev (1896–1992), Nuskha Tyurbeev (1900–1986), Yegor Mukabenov (1903–1980), Chimid Komaev (1903–1992), Boris Boktaev (1927–2014) and Shani Boktaev (1933–2010) . Comparison with non-fabulous plots of other nations contributed to the classification and systematization of some plots of myths, legends, legends and oral stories of the Khoshuts of Kalmykia. The similarity of plots with Oirat, Mongolian and Buryat works testifies to a common national folklore fund, and the coincidence of some plots with samples of non-fairytale prose of other peoples can be interpreted as a result of historical contacts, as well as the mental capabilities of human societies that were at the same stage of development. As a result of the analysis of the considered texts, interpretations and differentiating elements of the plots of myths, legends, historical traditions and oral stories of the Khoshuts of Kalmykia, related to their local tradition, are established.

Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding During COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Background: This study aimed to determine breastfeeding women's feelings, thoughts, and experiences during COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted in a research hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The study focused on women who had given birth in the postpartum clinic, and it involved in-depth interviews with 42 participants on their first day of maternity. The interviews were recorded using a tape recorder. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Four main themes and 12 subthemes were developed, namely: fear (catching the disease, not being able to breastfeed, infecting the baby), strain (loneliness, lack of social support, feeling sad and inadequate), lack of knowledge (social isolation, compliance with hygiene rules, taking action), and requirement (need for information, expectation of help, increasing mother support). Conclusions: Women may be vulnerable postpartum due to restrictions on access to social support systems and isolation.

Milestones of Establishment and Ways to Save the Audio Archive of the Art Studies Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sciences Academy

The global movement for the preservation, study and dissemination of Cultural Heritage is directly connected with the cultural policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is confirmed by a number of relevant state documents. The fixation and study of traditional music as the basic value of the Uzbek people are closely connected with the activities of the Art Studies Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sciences Academy. The purpose of this article is to provide information about the Audio Archive (Phonoteka) of this Institute, historical milestones of its creation, ways of its preservation and further use. In accordance with the specified purpose, the selected object is considered in the historical and chronological aspect. The period of formation of the two main collections of the Audio Archive is consistently covered – phonographic (1930–1940) and tape recorder (late 1940s–1990). The significance of the Audio Archive as а unique object of historical and cultural memory and an important scientific and educational source was revealed. The former ways of its preservation and introduction into science and practice are discussed. Information is provided on the implementation of the project in 2015, within the framework of which a set of 8 CDs with 69 of the most representative examples of genres and forms of Uzbek music from a collection of tape recordings was created. A brief description of the content of discs was given, and the significance of the project, which became the first step in popularizing the Institute’s archival records in digital format, was indicated. The tasks of preserving and further using the Audio Archive fund in the near future are outlined: digitization of the entire audio fund, compilation of a digital catalog and databases. This article includes historical facts about the formation of the Audio Archive of the Art Studies Institute of and to a certain extent summarizes its materials. Its practical significance lies in the dissemination of information about this audio archive, attracting the attention of the scientific community and a wide audience to the Uzbek musical heritage. The interest of specialists in the project of complete digitization of the Audio Archive dictates the need for further study of this unique object.

A Method to Obtain Lightning Peak Current in Indonesia

Lightning is a modern societal problem that continues to increase in line with technological growth. Today’s infrastructure is very vulnerable to disturbances caused by weather conditions. The most influential weather phenomenon in this regard is the weather produced by cumulonimbus (CB) clouds. Almost every year, tanks and refineries in Indonesia explode due to lightning strikes. Furthermore, there have been several instances of outages in transmission and distribution lines, as well as lightning-related fatalities in mining areas. Lightning characteristics are widely used as important data for designing lightning protection systems. However, in Indonesia, there is still a need to obtain proper lightning characteristic data. Indonesia is a maritime country located in the tropics, making its geographical conditions highly conducive to the formation of cumulonimbus (CB) clouds. Therefore, this paper presents direct lightning peak-current measurements using magnetic tape, which has been installed in several provinces in Indonesia. The paper reports the local lightning characteristics for these provinces and presents a method for obtaining lightning data. To efficiently collect lightning data on a large scale, we propose a measurement system consisting of a lightning-event counter and magnetic tape. While magnetic tape has been widely used in laboratory testing, this research discusses its application and measurement results in natural lightning conditions in the field. The novel lightning characteristics obtained for several provinces in Indonesia are expected to assist professionals in designing lightning protection systems that match the local lightning characteristics, ultimately minimizing the impact of lightning damage.

Digitising images from the first tests of HDTV in Europe: The 1992 Summer Olympic Games

This paper discusses the digitisation project launched by the International Olympic Committee’s Audiovisual Heritage team, with technical support from the French Institut National de l’Audiovisuel (INA), to digitally preserve a rare-format collection of tapes produced during the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games. What makes this collection unique is the fact that the D1 tapes are recorded in 1250/50 HDTV standard, the first analogue high-definition television standard developed in Europe, but one that was never formally adopted at European level. This rendered the task of digitising the collection almost impossible, given the lack of video tape recorders for such a format and, in particular, the lack of technicians with the required know-how. Before exploring the technical details of the digitisation process, the paper briefly presents the origin of the recordings, outlines the chronology of the 1250/50 HDTV standard’s development and explains how the Olympic Games were chosen as one of the testing grounds for this new technology. The paper then provides a technical description of the design, implementation and effectiveness of the workflow developed by the INA to digitise these legacy carriers, using obsolete recorders in conjunction with modern tools to reconstruct the experimental high-definition system.

피해자 국선 변호사 역할과 과제

Article 12 Clause 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea provides for the assistance of lawyers. “Anyone who is arrested shall have the right to be assisted immediately by a lawyer.” When a criminal defendant is unable to seek an attorney for himself/herself, the State shall assign a lawyer as prescribed by law.｣ Criminals may, of course, be protected by the appointment of a lawyer when they are investigated by an investigative agency on the basis of the Constitution. Article 33 Clause 1 of the Criminal Procedure Act also specifies the assistance of counsel. The spirit of the constitution was reflected. ｢If it falls under certain conditions and is necessary to protect the rights of criminal offenders, a lawyer shall be selected as necessary. If the economically poor or the physically and mentally handicapped cannot appoint a lawyer, the state protects the defendant's rights in selecting a public defender.｣&#x0D; But what laws are the victims of crime protected by? Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea stipulates the “right to pursue happiness of all citizens.” Article 11 of the Constitution stipulates equal rights for all citizens. Clause 2 of Article 294-2 of the Criminal Procedure Act guarantees the right of victims to state. However, other than that, there are no other regulations protecting victims' rights. Thus, it received a lot of criticism. ｢① After a crime incident, secondary damage is inflicted. ② Victims of a crime shall not be directly involved in an investigation or trial. ③ All citizens are equal.｣ Due to these criticisms, the victim's lawyer system was introduced in 2012. The system of public defenders for victims has been in effect since March 6, 2012. Nevertheless, the system has not been properly established in criminal practice yet. Therefore, confusion has continued. This is because the scope and rights of lawyers for victims of crime and their status in litigation are unclear.&#x0D; Germany settled the issue of protecting victims of crime in 1998 by enacting new legislature. “Act on the Protection of Witnesses and the Improvement of Victims’ Protection when interrogating witnesses in criminal cases: The Witness Protection Act.” Germany clearly defined the rights of crime victims to counsel by the law. Since then, the law has been constantly revised. The rights of crime victims to counsel became victims' rights. Article 395 of the German Criminal Procedure Act stipulated the private prosecution system and the participation system in a public prosecution. Crime victims are equal litigants. It is a legal position recognized by the Criminal Procedure Act. According to the German Criminal Procedure Act, the protection of witnesses has been strengthened. You can exclude the accused and interrogate the witness. Also, it is possible to read a report and record a witness on a tape recorder.&#x0D; Japan has also introduced victim’s participation system. Victims and victims’ lawyers may appear at the trial date and ask the defendant for a witness. Opinions on the confirmation of facts or the application of laws may be stated in the trial. The protection of crime victims has been strengthened. This is the crime victim’s protection system in Germany and Japan.&#x0D; The spirit of the Constitution is urging more rights for crime victims. The Criminal Procedure Act should establish a stipulation for the protection of victims. The legal rights of the victim’s lawyer should also be clearly defined. Only then, can victim lawyers be more active for victims in the investigation and trial stages with legal grounds. The assistance of the investigative agency alone is not enough. You can refer to the German Criminal Procedure Act and the Japanese Criminal Procedure Act.

Error Analysis of Students’ Pronunciation in Pronouncing English Vowels And Consonants

This final project is a study about Error Analysis Of Students’ Pronunciation in Pronouncing English Vowels And Consonants of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic Year 2023/2024. (A case Study of the Eleventh Grade of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic Year 2023/2024). Most of the students may have problems to pronounce English vowels and consonants, although they get an English subject in their school and they can not master the English pronunciation well. Therefore, the students often make problem. This study was conducted under the consideration that pronouncing English vowels plays an important role. The problems of this study are what kinds of problem the students make in pronouncing English vowels and why these problem happen/occur. The purposes of the study are to find out kinds of problem made by students in pronouncing English vowels and consonants and to find out the factors why these problem happen/occur. The population of this study was the Eleventh grade of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic year of 2023/2024. Before the test doing the test, the writer observed the condition of the classroom during the language learning process. The writer wants to know the way how teacher explains the material and what the students are doing during the lesson. The instrument used by the writer in this final tape recorder which were used to record the students’ pronunciation. In analyzing the data, error analysis was used in which there were three steps: transcribing the students’ pronunciation into the phonetic transcriptions, problem in pronouncing English short vowels, problem in pronouncing English long vowels. Finally, the result of the analysis shows that students are considered “Enough” in pronouncing English vowels and consonants.

Determinants of Motivation to Work in Terms of Industry 4.0—The Gen Z Perspective

The mentality of Generation Z differs markedly from the approach to social and economic issues presented by earlier generations. These young people have had access to the internet and other innovative technologies since birth. A tape recorder or a floppy disk is a museum exhibit for them. They are unfamiliar with the everyday problems that citizens of Central and Eastern Europe faced during the socialist era, such as the lack of necessities on the shelves. The aim of this article is to present the results of the authors’ survey on the identification of work motivation factors relevant to Generation Z. The survey involved 649 respondents, young Poles who are currently entering the labor market. It was also an interesting research task for the authors to compare the results of surveys among young Poles with the results of international surveys. The research provided insight into young people’s expectations, values, and preferences regarding work. The results of the survey can provide valuable guidance for employers in shaping sustainable human resource management strategies. In addition, studying the competences of Generation Z can identify the gap between the requirements of the labor market and the skills possessed by young workers. The study conducted by the authors is among the first of its kind in Poland after the pandemic, emphasizing the growing trend in remote work. Earlier research was undertaken in a different economic climate. The current investigation took place following the COVID-19 outbreak and amidst heightened military operations in Ukraine. It also takes into account the effects of recent technological progress related to the rapid development of Industry 4.0. Notably, the questionnaire used in this study is unique as the authors categorized motivational factors into three essential groups, highly relevant in today’s markedly altered labor market.

Technological and Artistic Challenges in the Re-Performance of Music Theatre Work FE…DE…RI…CO… (1987) by Constança Capdeville: From the Archive to the Stage

In this article a group of authors will discuss the documentation process carried out by Filipa Magalhães during her PhD research, who gathered all possible materials concerning the music theatre work FE...DE...RI...CO... (1987) by Constança Capdeville. She created a more complete script (based on the information left by Capdeville, such as scores, texts, drawings, sketches with stage indications, scripts containing the main lines, and scripts for sound and light) aiming to document the several layers of information in order to systematize the work for archival purposes. The music theatre as a performative genre is a synthesis of multimedia artform that involves technological resources (for example the magnetic tape medium), which are aimed to be preserved, exploited, and valorized in order to make re-performance feasible. We will focus on the understanding of the difficulties and challenges found to bring this performance back from the archive to the stage.

Determination of the Fleet Size of AGVs with AGV Pools Using a Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence

The utilization of low-cost AGVs in the industry is increasing every day, but the efficiency of these systems is low due to the lack of a central management system. Low-cost AGVs’ main characteristic is navigation via magnetic sensors, which they follow via magnetic tape on the ground with a low-level automation system. The disadvantages of these systems are mainly due to only one circuit assignment and the lack of system intelligence. Therefore, in this study, AGV pools were employed to determine the required AGV number. This study begins by calculating the required AGV number for each AGV circuit combination assigned to every parking station by the time window approach. Mathematical-solution-based mixed integer programming was developed to find the optimum solution. Computational difficulties were handled with the development of a genetic-algorithm-based approach to find the solutions for complex cases. If production requirements change, system parameters can be changed to adapt to the production requirements and there is a need to determine the number of AGVs. It was demonstrated that AGVs and pool combinations did not lead to any loss in production due to the lack of available AGVs. It was shown that the proposed approach provides a fleet size which requires five fewer AGVs, with a 29% reduction in the number of AGVs. The effects of system parameter changes were also investigated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate the required AGVs in the case of production requirement changes. It is necessary to determine the effect of the change in system parameters on the number of AGVs without compromising on computational cost and time, especially for complex systems. Thus, in this study, an artificial neural network (ANN), the response surface method (RSM), and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques were used to examine the effects of the system parameter changes on the AGV number. In the present case, the ANN obtained the solution at a good rate with reduced computational costs, time, and correction errors compared to the GA, at 0.4% (ANN), 7% (RSM), and 24% (MLR). The results show that the ANN provides solutions which can be used in workshops to determine the number of AGVs and also to predict the effect of changes in system parameters.

Инструментальный концерт в творчестве Бента Сёренсена

In the musical output of the modern Danish composer Bent Sørensen, the genre of the instrumental concerto occupies the leading position. The composer has written eight concertos, as well as a number of orchestral works in which particular solo instruments stand out. Based on their analysis, the article reveals the composer’s approach to this genre and the possibility of maintaining it. One of the characteristic features of Sørensen’s concerto works is the programmatic quality. The composer’s works are united by common themes of decay, disappearance, as well as reflection of musical culture, which leads to a saturation of the musical material by means of various stylistic allusions. The unified conceptual sphere gives rise to the phenomenon of connections between different musical works in the output of the Danish composer, while the stylistic juxtapositions, as well as the contrasts of the heterogeneous material in terms of timbre and texture embody the principle of dialogue, which is characteristic of the genre of the concerto. The programmatic quality determines the variety of compositional solutions of Sørensen’s concertos, in which connection, it is proposed to differentiate all of his compositions into two categories: one is represented by compositional models that preserve or revise the concerto form (for example, the Violin Concerto, the Clarinet Concerto, the Third Piano Concerto), and the other demonstrates models, each one focusing on an individual project (for example, the First Piano Concerto, the Accordion Concerto, the Harpsichord Concerto, etc.). In the latter case, elements of instrumental theater are often introduced into the concerto genre. One specific means of dramaturgy in Sørensen’s concerto opuses is the technique of transformation of the timbre and acoustics of the sound sphere, which involves changing the means of playing, the instruments or the sound sources (for example, a transition of the functioning of the orchestral musicians to singing and playing harmonicas in the Accordion Concerto, the transition from playing tremolo to creating sounds on sandpaper blocks in the composition Mignon — Papillons, the substitution of acoustic sound with tape recording in the Clarinet Concerto). The provided analysis allows us to arrive at the conclusion that the sphere of the instrumental concerto forms a single musical-semantic space in Sørensen’s musical output, which is endowed with its own personal characteristic features.

Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Neuromodulation on Abductor Muscles Electrical Activity in Subjects with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial.

Non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a major cause of functional impairment, resulting in consequences like job absenteeism and reduced quality of life. Risk factors such as muscle weakness and tightness have been implicated. Electromagnetic fields have therapeutic effects on human tissue, including pain relief and muscle relaxation. This study aimed to examine the impact of a tape with magnetic particles (MPT) applied to the lumbar area on abductor muscle strength and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the Gluteus Medius and Tensor of the Fascia Lata muscles in individuals with NSCLBP. It was carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial and with test retest, with 41 consecutive patients younger than 65 years who previously diagnosed with NSCLBP to assess the effect of a MPT over hip abductor muscle strength and activity. sEMG and force data were obtained during the Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT). The HipSIT was used to assess the abduction strength using a hand-held dynamometer and sEMG. The HipSIT uses the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Four trials were recorded and the mean extracted for analysis. The tape was applied with either a MPT or a sham magnetic particle tape (SMPT) bilaterally without tension on from L1 to L5 paravertebral muscles. The significant increase in the recruitment of fibers and the significant increase in the maximum voluntary contraction by applying MPT with respect to the SMPT, correspond to the increases in the Peak Force and the decrease in the time to reach the maximum force (peak time) of both muscles. Application of a MPT in patients with NSCLBP suggests an increase in muscle strength of the Gluteus Medius and Tensor Fascia Lata bilaterally during the HipSIT test. Lumbar metameric neuromodulation with MPT improves muscle activation of the hip musculature.

Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Gadai Pada PT. Pegadaian UPC. Tanjung Seneng Bandar Lampung

Pawn agreements at this time are agreements that are often carried out by the majority of people in order to fulfill a growing number of needs, the same is true for the services of PT. UPC Pawnshop. Tanjung Seneng Bandar Lampung, which provides solutions to people who are in need of funds by only providing a guarantee of valuable objects that have a value that matches the loan. In practice, several things become the subject of the problems discussed in this study, namely whether the form of a pawning agreement at PT. UPC Pawnshop. Tanjung Seneng and how is the settlement of non-performing loans at PT. Pegadaian UPC Tanjung Seneng.Efforts made in discussing and solving the problems in this study were carried out using two kinds of approaches, namely juridical/normative and empirical approaches. The normative approach is carried out by studying and reviewing the provisions in the form of laws and regulations that apply in a formal juridical manner relating to the implementation of mortgage agreements and efforts to settle problem loans at PT. Pegadaian UPC Tanjung Seneng. While the empirical approach is carried out by looking at the facts that apply to legal regulations related to the implementation of pawn agreements. The data sources used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The research phase includes library research, namely research intended to obtain secondary data and field research, namely a way to obtain primary data to support secondary data. Data collection techniques include document studies and interviews. Data collection tools in library research are in the form of notes on the results of an inventory of legal materials and data collection tools in field research are in the form of a list of questions, then recorded via a tape recorder and flash disk. Data analysis using juridical-qualitative method.The form of a pawn agreement at PT. UPC Pawnshop. TanjungHappy applies the standard form of agreement, the pawnshop has prepared all the requirements by default in the form, and contained in the Credit Proof (SBK) and Pawning Proof (SBG) with the intention that the borrower must agree to all the terms contained in the form. The form of a standard agreement does not conflict with statutory regulations, because the Civil Code and other statutory provisions also do not prohibit a person from making an agreement in the particular form he wants. Settlement of problem loans at PT. UPC Pawnshop. TanjungHappy is through persuasive efforts.

Strategy for Da'wah Messages through the Holy Footprint of the Sons of Muhammadiyah in Makassar City

The application of da'wah through the Tapak Suci institution is something that is routinely carried out both physically and non-physically before carrying out training. The type of research that will be used is qualitative research which is better known as naturalistic inquiry. While the approach used is the sociology of da'wah in order to explore and understand the environmental conditions of the community in conveying da'wah through the Tapak Suci institution. While the instruments in the research are the researchers themselves with the tasks of planning, implementing, analyzing, interpreting data to reporting research results. Researchers as instruments must have the ability to analyze data. Includes: a list of questions, interviews, cameras, tape recorders, and notebooks. While data analysis techniques data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there are forms of da'wah messages in Tapak Suci namely, prayer activities in congregation and joint prayers as opening or closing before practice, discipline, concentration. Books and research results. In addition, the da'wah application was delivered by the Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah College in Makassar City in the form of informative, persuasive, coercive, educative, motivational, moral with the aim of changing attitudes and behavior as a reflection of noble morals in everyday life.

RADIO DAN TAPE RECORDER SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN

One of the learning media that can be used is radio and tape recorder. Radio is an auditory learning medium that can only be enjoyed through hearing aids. The effect of the actuality of radio can be served more quickly than television The problem discussed in this study is what is the essence of radio learning media and audio tape recorders? What is the history of radio and audio tape recorder In 1951, the public education service at the ministry of education and teaching, organized a radio broadcast program for public education. The target of radio education is mainly demobilized students, who after the end of the war of independence experienced many problems both returning to school and adjusting to society. Broadcasts are broadcast from self-service transmitters in Jakarta with an effective transmission radius of 10 km. Broadcast content is taken from high school study materials and actual materials from the communityhas some advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of radio that we can see clearly is that it is relatively cheap, but it has a drawback that often becomes an obstacle for teachers in using radio as a learning medium, which is very tied to broadcast schedules. While one of the advantages of Audio TapeRecorder is that it has a dual function, because it can present the results of the recording