Talon Cusp Research Articles

Conservative Management of Facial Talon Cusp in a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report

Conservative Management of Facial Talon Cusp in a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report

Talon Cusp Management of a Maxillary Central incisor

Talon Cusp Management of a Maxillary Central incisor

Endodontic management of bilateral talon cusps: A case report

Endodontic management of bilateral talon cusps: A case report

The overlapping of phenotypes in Wiedemann-Steiner, Kleefstra and Coffin-Siris syndromes: a study of eleven patients

BackgroundSome chromatinopathies may present with common clinical findings (intellectual disability, brain and limb malformation, facial dysmorphism). Furthermore, one of their cardinal shared features is growth dysregulation.We aimed to assess and deepen this resemblance in three specific conditions, namely Wiedemann-Steiner (WDSTS), Kleefstra (KLEFS1) and Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS1), with a particular focus on possible metabolic roots.Methods Eleven patients were enrolled, three with WDSTS, five with KLEFS1 and three with CSS1, referring to Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy. We performed both a physical examination with detailed anthropometric measurements and an evaluation of the patients’ REE (rest energy expenditure) by indirect calorimetry, comparing the results with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.ResultsWe observed new clinical features and overlap between these conditions suggesting that different disturbances of epigenetic machinery genes can converge on a common effect, leading to overlapping clinical phenotypes. The REE was not distinguishable between the three conditions and healthy controls.ConclusionsEpigenetic machinery plays an essential role both in growth regulation and in neurodevelopment; we recommend evaluating skeletal [craniovertebral junction abnormalities (CVJ) polydactyly], otolaryngological [obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAs), recurrent otitis media], dental [tooth agenesis, talon cusps], and central nervous system (CNS) [olfactory bulbs and cerebellum anomalies] features. These features could be included in monitoring guidelines. Further studies are needed to deepen the knowledge about energy metabolism.

Double Teeth and Coexistent Anomalies: Examples From Continental Africa.

Whether gemination or fusion, double teeth are rare worldwide, including Africa based on few published data. New cases from the continent are tallied, and anomalies potentially associated with double teeth are identified. These findings should interest a range of dental researchers. The presence of double teeth was recorded in 97 modern and premodern North and sub-Saharan African samples (5631 inds.). They and coexistent anomalies are described relative to published examples. Prevalence was estimated as possible, using a Poisson model for 95% confidence intervals (CI). Three maxillary double teeth were identified: a primary left lateral incisor in a Nubian child (1938-1756 BC), permanent left central incisor in an adult Egyptian (3650-3500 BC), and permanent right central incisor in a modern (19th century) adult from Guinea. Each co-occurs, respectively, with a talon cusp, peg lateral incisor and, in the latter individual, second premolar crown variation with rotation, and third molar dens evaginatus. Double tooth prevalence is 0.048% (CI 0.001%-0.270%), with regional variation, in premodern, and 0.000% in modern North Africans. It is 0.000% for premodern and 0.048% for modern sub-Saharan Africans (0.008%-1.714%). The double incisors are comparable to other global examples, indicative of common developmental processes during odontogenesis. Prevalence is lower than published modern rates, to suggest some exceptionality in Africans as reported earlier for other dental variants. Finally, though circumstantial, double teeth and accompanying anomalies may share an etiology. Continuing research overall, and in Africa specifically, will promote an improved understanding of double teeth formation and expression.

Treatment For Type II Dens Invaginatus in a Mandibular Lateral Incisor: A Report of Rare Case

Dens invaginatus is one of the developmental abnormities of the tooth which occurs with an invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during tooth development. This abnormity presents a wide spectrum of morphological variations. According to Oehlers classification, in dens invaginatus type II the invagination invades above the cemento-enamel junction, connecting to the pulp; however, there is no connection with the periodontal ligament. This abnormity presents significant challenge when root canal treatment is necessary. The most frequently affected teeth are permanent maxillary lateral incisors, followed by permanent maxillary central incisors. There are limited case reports of mandibulary central incisors; however, there is no publication of mandibular lateral incisors with dens invaginatus type II. This case report aimed to present cone-beam computed tomography aided diagnosis and treatment for type II dens invaginatus in a mandibular lateral incisor with a talon cusp and a large periapical lesion.

Distribution of dental anomalies in panoramic radiography at RSGMP Universitas Airlangga

Objectives: This research was aimed to determine the distribution of dental anomaly cases on panoramic radiographs at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital (RSGMP). Materials and Methods: This research used a descriptive observational design with a total sampling technique from panoramic radiographic data at the Radiology Clinic of RSGMP Universitas Airlangga during 2018–2020, which had cases of dental anomalies. Results: The result showed 116 cases of dental anomalies, with more incidence in female (64%) than in male (36%). The most common dental anomaly category was the number of teeth anomalies (47.41%), followed by tooth size anomalies (29.31%), tooth shape anomalies (23.28%), and there were no cases of anomalies in tooth structure and position. The most common types of dental anomalies were microdontia (27.59%), missing teeth/agenesis (25%), supernumerary teeth (22.41%), dilaceration (16.38%), talon cusp (3.45%), taurodontism (2.59%), macrodontia (1.72%), gemination (0.86%). Conclusion: The most common cases of dental anomalies were based on their categories, namely anomalies in the number of teeth, followed by tooth size, and tooth shape.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies Among the Pediatric Population at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Pediatric dental anomalies refer to irregularities or abnormalities in the development, structure, or positioning of the teeth in the oral cavity of children. These anomalies can encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the number, size, shape, and structure of teeth. In Karachi, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of dental anomalies in children. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in the pediatric population of the Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 children aged between 3 and 12 years. The socio-demographic and thorough medical history were recorded on a predesigned performa. The diagnosis of all dental anomalies was based on clinical interpretation using sterilized mouth mirrors, probes, or tongue depressors. Difficult cases were addressed by senior faculty members. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the frequency and Mean ± SD. Result: The prevalence of dental anomalies was 7.4%. in the study area. Male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. Boys exhibited a higher prevalence of 10.05% compared to girls (4.3%). Peg Lateral Incisors and Fusion/Gemination were the most common anomalies among both genders. Dilaceration, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Talon Cusp, Anodontia, and supernumerary Tooth (disto-molar) were not identified in either boys or girls. The highest number of dental anomalies was recorded at ages 11 and 12 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anomalies was high in the study area, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and careful management to prevent complications.

Rubinstein Taybi syndrome with secondary glaucoma: An unusual case report and review of literature

Rubinstein Taybi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by broad thumbs and first toe, microcephaly, developmental delay, beaked nose, talon cusps, and various systemic abnormalities like cardiac defects, hearing loss, respiratory infections, and ocular abnormalities which are common with this syndrome. The various ocular abnormalities reported in the literature are corneal opacities, lacrimal gland abnormalities, strabismus, coloboma, retinal dysfunction, and congenital glaucoma. We hereby report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented in the glaucoma clinic of a tertiary eye care center with large eyeballs and a typical dysmorphic face characterized by high-arched brows with a low-hanging columella, grimacing smile, talon cusps, diffuse corneal haze, and enlarged corneal diameters (12.5 mm) and who was subsequently diagnosed with congenital glaucoma after evaluation under anesthesia (EUA). EUA revealed raised intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22 mmHg, and optic never head cupping in the right eye (RE) was 0.8:1 the other eye had a total leucomatous corneal opacity. The child was started on topical antiglaucoma medication in RE, and subsequent evaluation revealed well-controlled IOP on these medications.

Dental Anomalies in Primary Dentition among Arabian Children: A Hospital-Based Study.

An observational study was carried out in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia to determine the occurrence of dental anomalies among Arabian children. The study included children of Saudi nationality with primary teeth. The study assessed the prevalence of dental anomalies in their primary dentition. The assessment and data collection were conducted by a single examiner, utilizing clinical examination and intra-oral radiographs. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine dental anomalies in relation to gender (boys and girls) and arch type (maxillary and mandibular). In addition, the study explored the occurrence of gender-specific dental anomalies depending on arch type. The data analysis was conducted using IBM Statistics (version 21.0) with a significance level of p < 0.05. In total, there were 245 children included in the final analysis. The study population consisted of boys (66%) and girls (34%), with an average age of 4.87 ± 0.9 years. Taurodontism was the most prevalent dental abnormality, occurring in 2.8% of the individuals in the study sample. The study sample exhibited hypodontia in 2%, supernumerary teeth in 2.4%, double teeth in 2%, and microdontia in 1.2%. Talon cusp and macrodontia have a relatively low incidence of 0.4%. Boys exhibit supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, talon cusp, and taurodontism, whereas hypodontia and double teeth were more frequent in girls.

An atypical presentation of talon cusp: Double talon cusps

Talon cusp is an uncommon developmental anomaly resulting in an extra cusp or cuspal projection on an anterior tooth consisting of normal enamel, dentin, and varying degrees of pulp tissue. Talon cusp shows varied presentations of which the palatal talon cusp has been the most common of all. The management requires an extensive understanding of this clinical entity and the complications associated with its occurrence. In this case series, we are reporting double talon cusps which is a rarity itself, involving the palatal aspect of maxillary central incisors.

Talon Cusp from Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: Report of Two Cases with Mini Review

Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area of an anterior teeth. This anomaly generally poses problems for the patient in terms of esthetics, caries control and occlusal accommodation. This cases report with mini-review presents a brief classification of talon cusp, summary of published case report worldwide, and a unique occurrence of maxillary talon cusp in a 23-year female and 9-year male patient. The clinical and radiographic findings, along with the management of this rare dental anomaly are discussed.

H-shaped Talon Cusp in the Anterior Maxilla: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities that cause a variety of dental problems. Depending on the tooth location, dens evaginatus indicates a posterior tooth abnormality, while talon cusp explains an anterior tooth anomaly. Identifying the problem and initiating treatment requires careful observation and proper investigations. Here, the authors present the case of a nine-yearold female child who had an H-shaped talon cusp or barrel-shaped bilateral maxillary lateral incisors in the form of premolars. The report includes clinical and radiographic interpretation. Associated problems and various treatment options are also explained. Although dental anomalies affecting the teeth are relatively common, the presentation of barrel-shaped or premolar-shaped bilateral maxillary lateral incisors is uncommon. Knowledge about the prevalence and distribution of such anomalies would aid various dental experts in early identification and recognition of dental malformations, as well as in complete treatment planning.

Bifacial Talon Cusp Presenting with Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report

Talon cusp is an uncommon odontogenic anomaly. Due&#x0D; to its resemblance to an eagle’s talon, it was named as “talon&#x0D; cusp”. Talon cusps occur most commonly on palatal surfaces&#x0D; of permanent incisors. Bilateral and bifacial talon cusp is an&#x0D; extremely rare occurrence.&#x0D; The etiology of talon cusps remains unknown, though it&#x0D; is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental&#x0D; factors, developmentally result of an outfolding of the enamel&#x0D; organ or hyperproductivity of the dental lamina.&#x0D; Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly which is&#x0D; formed byfolding the enamel-dental organ through the pulp&#x0D; chamber during the teeth development. In this case, bilateral&#x0D; talon tubercle and bifacial talon tubercle with dens invaginatus&#x0D; in the same tooth was reported.

Talon cusp expression in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

This brief communication documents the prevalence of maxillary central incisor talon cusps in Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and assesses whether talon cusp presence occurs at equivalent frequencies across matrilines. The data on cusp presence vs. absence were analyzed by logistic regression in 170 monkeys (82 females, 78 males) from seven different matrilines. Sample sizes per matriline ranged from 10 to 42. Observations of talon cusps were blind with respect to matriline and sex. Talon cusps were present in 9.4% of the sample. By matriline, cusp frequencies ranged from 0%-Matrilines 073 and 106%-to 19.1% in Matriline 076. The frequency of the talon cusp in Matriline 076 was significantly greater than the frequency of the cusp in the remainder of the sample. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the talon cusp by sex. This study suggests that the talon cusp in rhesus monkeys, as in humans and baboons, is a rare trait. Elevated prevalence of the talon cusp in Matriline 076 suggests the possibility of a genetic influence on talon cusp expression.

Talon Cusp, Tooth Transposition, Taurodontism-Occurrence of “T Anomalies” Together in a Non-Syndromic Child-A Rarest Case Report

Presenting of rare and unusual dental anomalies is always essential to enhance the richness of existing dental literature pertaining to these anomalies. Developmental dental anomalies starting from the alphabet ‘T’ such as Talon cusp, Transposition and Taurodontism are the uncommon dental phenomenon’s which are reported individually. However, occurrence of all these anomalies together is not reported so far. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to report occurrences of all these dental anomalies together in detail in a 9-year-old, normal, healthy Indian male patient.

Rubinstein - Taybi Syndrome Associated with Amelogenesis Imperfecta – Report of a Rare Case

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) refers to a specific pattern of physical features and developmental disabilities, which occur together in a consistent fashion. Individuals with RSTS have a short stature, developmental delay, broad thumbs and halluces and many other anomalies. The most commonly seen intraoral feature in RSTS patients is talon cusps. However, dens invaginatus, high arched palate, dental caries and malocclusions have also been reported in association with RSTS. The present article reports a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome associated with an unusual intra oral feature like Amelogenesis Imperfecta which is not reported so far.

Associations between 44 nonmetric permanent dental traits or anomalies with skeletal sagittal malocclusions and sex, besides correlations across the variations or abnormalities

IntroductionNonmetric dental traits and the shape, size, or number of dental anomalies are essential to various dental fields such as orthodontics, dental anatomy, anthropology, pathology, and forensic dentistry. Nonetheless, many are not well assessed worldwide. Moreover, most studies are limited to a few nonmetric traits. Therefore, we aimed to examine several nonmetric dental traits/anomalies.MethodsIn this cross-sectional epidemiological study, ~ 9000 permanent teeth of 331 non-syndromic orthodontic patients (radiographs and dental casts) with fully erupted permanent dentitions (except the third molars and some cases of a few teeth missing or excluded) were evaluated by two observers, each twice, in search for 62 nonmetric traits/shape-number-size anomalies. The traits/anomalies of interest were supernumerary, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, shovelings, talon cusps, Carabelli cusps, fifth/sixth/seventh cusps on the molars, hypocone/hypoconulid absence, protostylid, deflecting wrinkle‏s, canine mesial ridge, distal trigonid crest, canine distal accessory ridge, accessory cusps in the mesial/distal marginal ridges, mesial/distal accessory ridges, and accessory cusps in the lingual of the mandibular premolars and second molars). Data, at both patient/quarter levels, were analyzed regarding the associated factors (skeletal Angle classes, crowding, sex, and sides) as well as the correlations among traits, using the chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).ResultsPrevalence rates of 44 traits/anomalies were reported (18 out of the 62 searched traits/anomalies were not found [prevalence = 0%]). Microdontia and accessory cusps on the marginal ridge of the second mandibular molars were significantly more common in women (P < 0.05). Canine talon cusp and distal trigonid crest of the second mandibular molars were more prevalent in men (P < 0.05). Shoveling, canine talon cusp, canine distal accessory ridge, and accessory cusp in the first premolar might be more prevalent in skeletal Angle class II; whereas, accessory cusp in the mesial marginal ridge of the second premolar might be rather more prevalent in skeletal Angle class I (P < 0.05). Few dental traits were positively and moderately or strongly correlated with each other (Spearman Rho ≥ 0.4, P < 0.0005).ConclusionsSex dimorphism was uncommon in nonmetric dental traits/anomalies. Skeletal malocclusions may be associated with a few dental abnormalities or variations.

Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in the Permanent Dentition of Patients Seeking Dental Care.

Disturbances seen during tooth formation result in developmental dental anomalies presenting in the oral cavity.These anomalies manifest as discrepancies in the number, color, size, and shape of the teeth. These dental anomalies can either be acquired, congenital, or developmental. Their early detection and management are necessary as they affect aesthetics and occlusion. The study had the aim of gauging the prevalence of developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition of Indian subjects. A total of 1192 participants recruited from the institute for study purposes, comprising males and females, were examined clinically and radiographically, and their dental casts were also evaluated. These subjects were assessed for anomalies in position, structure, number, and/or shape. Anomalies in the position include transmigration, transportation, and/or ectopic position; anomalies in the structure, including dentinogenesis imperfecta or amelogenesis imperfecta; anomalies in number, including hyperdontia or hypodontia; and anomalies in shape, including peg laterals, taurodontism, fusion, dens evaginatus, talon cusp, and/or microdontia. A statisticallysignificantdifference was seen in unilateral microdontia and dentinogenesis imperfecta between males and females, with attained p-values of 0.003 and 0.06, respectively. The results of the present study showed that 9.89% (n = 118) study subjects, whereas 1% (n = 12) study subjects had two dental anomalies in their permanent dentitions, with no subject presenting more than two dental anomalies, showing that various dental anomalies have a low prevalence in the Indian population. The present study has led to the conclusion that the prevalence of dental anomalies is low in Indian subjects. However, these anomalies should be detected and treated early to prevent them from causing further complications.

FREQUENCY AND GRADING OF SUPERNUMERARY CUSPS IN PERMANENT HUMAN TEETH OF PATIENTS VISITING THE TEACHING HOSPITALS OF PESHAWAR DENTAL COLLEGE AND KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, PESHAWAR

Objectives: To document the frequency and grading of supernumerary cusps in permanent teeth in patients visiting Peshawar Dental College and Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar.Methods and materials: A cross sectional study was carried out in which 753 patients attending the outdoor patients department who fulfi lled the inclusion criteria were examined, out of which 229 (Males: 122, Females: 107) were recruited for participation in the study through consecutive sampling technique. Age group selected for the study was from 13 to 50 years. The patients were examined 4 days a week until the required sample size was accomplished. Permanent maxillary first molars and permanent maxillary incisors (central, lateral) were studied for the presence of cusp of Carabelli and Talon cusp respectively, while mandibular second premolars were examined for central cusp. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test.Results: The overall frequency of supernumerary cusps was calculated to be 30.4% out of which cusp of Carabelli was29.1% and Talon cusp was 1.33%. Gender-wise distribution was significant at p&lt;0.05. In the present study, grade III (overlapped tubercle) showed the highest degree of expression of cusp of Carabelli and type 3 Talon cusp was prevalent in our local population.Conclusion: Amongst the reported frequency of supernumerary cusps, cusp of Carabelli occurrence was higher in our local population with a signifi cant diff erence seen among genders. Central cusp was not seen in any of the subjects. There was higher incidence of cusp of Carabelli in male patients compared to Talon cusp which was more frequently present in females.