ABSTRACT Condom use resistance (CUR) involves use of coercive and non-coercive tactics to persuade a sexual partner who wants to use a condom to forgo use. Given that limited research has explored use of CUR tactics among men who have sex with men (MSM), the present study sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates of CUR among MSM. Participants (N = 261 MSM reporting recent heavy alcohol use and condomless anal sex) completed measures assessing CUR tactics and correlates (i.e., sexual frequency and risk, sexual sensation seeking, compulsive sexual behavior, alcohol use) as well as measures especially relevant to MSM (i.e., internalized homonegativity, concerns about HIV and sexually transmitted infection [STI] risk, sexual position preference). Results indicated a majority of participants reported any lifetime use of non-coercive (76.8%) and coercive (54.3%) CUR tactics. Frequency of CUR tactic use was significantly associated with increased sexual sensation seeking, compulsive sexual behavior, casual sex frequency, condomless anal sex frequency, and decreased STI concern, but showed limited association with internalized homonegativity, HIV concern, sexual position preference, and alcohol use. Results suggest that prevalence and correlates of CUR among MSM may be similar to men who have sex with women, but this comparison should be made cautiously given the unique dynamics of male-male sexual encounters (e.g., topping vs. bottoming).

Although integrated pest management promotes the coordinated use of multiple disease-control tactics, single sprayable formulations that consolidate complementary crop-protection functions remain underdeveloped. Here, we combined semi-rational screening with supramolecular co-assembly to construct a ternary nanoassembly comprising glycyrrhizic acid (GA, a plant-derived amphiphile), magnolol (MN, a plant-derived antifungal phenolic), and Zn2+, termed G-M@Zn NPs. Compared with free MN, G-M@Zn NPs enhanced MN photostability by 3.7-fold and increased rainfastness by 2.1-fold, indicating improved formulation persistence under simulated photolytic and wash-off stresses. The nanoformulation exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro against representative phytopathogenic fungi and, in a wheat-spike infection model of Fusarium graminearum, reduced the disease index from 52.5 ± 2.46 in the infected control to 22.3 ± 3.4. Under toxin-inducing conditions, G-M@Zn NPs also reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and downregulated key TRI genes. Mechanistic assays linked the antifungal activity of G-M@Zn NPs to fungal membrane injury and mitochondria-associated oxidative stress in F. graminearum, with free MN eliciting qualitatively similar but weaker responses. G-M@Zn NP treatment was also accompanied by host defence-related physiological and metabolic responses involving redox regulation and tryptophan/indole-related pathways, together with treatment-associated shifts in the wheat spike microbiome. Preliminary biosafety assays indicated crop compatibility under the tested conditions and low acute toxicity toward earthworms. Serial-passage assays with F. graminearum showed only a modest increase in EC50 after eight passages. Overall, this ternary co-assembly provides a strategy for integrating complementary crop-protection functions within a single multifunctional nanoformulation and supports IPM-compatible control of F. graminearum infection in wheat. It may also inform the design of bioinspired nanopesticide systems that combine improved formulation persistence with direct antifungal activity and crop-associated biological responses.

ABSTRACT English education in China is evolving with textbooks playing a key role in shaping student identities. This study presents a comparative multimodal analysis of two Chinese middle school English textbooks (used in 2012–2024 vs. post-2024). Drawing on social semiotics and critical discourse analysis, the study examines discourse as both representation and interaction, exploring how verbal and visual materials interplay to recontextualize both Western and local student identity. In terms of representation, findings reveal significant shifts in student identities, which are legitimated through the strategic use of social actors and tactics of intersubjectivity. In terms of interaction, analysis shows the earlier textbook potentially weakens student identity construction due to its relatively random pedagogical interactions, while the newer version strengthens identity construction by engaging learners with more task-essential representations. This study provides a new lens for understanding how intermodality in textbooks works to frame, reshape, and legitimate student identities.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the reasons for the expansionist policy of the Russian Federation, based on the Russian imperial tradition and the potential capabilities of the leading Western powers to counteract Moscow's desire to revise the results of the Cold War. The methodology of the research is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods with the principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity and verification. The article also uses methods of historical analogies and political forecasting. The latter, in particular, is suitable for predicting the possible decline of the Russian Federation as an imperial entity. Scientific novelty of the work. The authors believe that the revival of Russian expansionism in the post-Soviet space became possible due to the actual indulgence of the West, led by the USA, to the policy of Russian imperial revenge, the beginning of which should be the restoration of the Soviet Union within the borders of 1991. The result of the West's loyal attitude to Russian geostrategic plans was not only the wars of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space, but also the conviction of the Russian authorities to assist the administration of US President D. Trump in returning Russia to the status of an influential international actor. The basis for such a policy of the Russian Federation is the history of US-Russian relations over the past 100 years. However, as the history of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union has shown, such a US policy does not guarantee the preservation of Russia as an empire. The authors are convinced that the final decline of the Russian Empire can be led to the defeat of Russia in the war with Ukraine and its subsequent democratization. Conclusions. Thus, the consequences of the West's actual indulgence in the policy of Russian imperial revenge were the wars of the Russian Federation in Georgia and Ukraine, and the conviction of the Russian authorities in the effectiveness of the policy of aggressive wars, which, together with the use of nuclear blackmail tactics, will contribute to the return of Russia to the status of an influential international actor. The basis for this policy of the Russian Federation is the history of US-Russian relations over the past 100 years, the leitmotif of which was the desire of the United States to preserve Russia as a counterparty in various models of world order due to the predictability of its foreign policy, which is based on territorial expansion and world domination, as well as fear of the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons. To overcome the fear of the Russian nuclear threat, Western countries must increase sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation, which will make it impossible to continue Russian aggressive wars. The only way to encourage Moscow to negotiate is a policy of forcefully forcing Russia to peace. Also, as the history of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union shows, military defeat and democratization of Russia can lead to the final decline of the three-hundred-year-old Russian imperial project.

Purpose. To analyze the characteristics of labor, the structure of maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women at 41+0 weeks when using active management tactics (induction of labor). Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis was conducted of 104 birth histories of women who gave birth at 41+0 weeks and underwent labor induction. The data on the women’s medical history, the characteristics of the course of induced labor, and the condition of the fetus and newborn were studied. Results. Induction of labor in pregnant women was performed at 40+6 weeks. The mechanical method was predominantly used: a Foley catheter was used in 69.2% (72) of cases. Drug induction with misoprostol accounted for 30.7% (32) of cases. In 67.3% (70) of cases, additional stimulation of labor was performed with oxytocin. In 81.7% (85) of cases, delivery occurred naturally. The frequency of cesarean sections was 18.3% (19) of cases. The indications for operative delivery were fetal distress in 63.2% (12) of cases, labor abnormalities in 26.3% (5) of cases, and clinically narrow pelvis in 10.5% (2) of cases. The frequency of operative vaginal delivery (vacuum extraction of the fetus) was 10.5% (2) of cases, with indications being fetal distress and weak contractions. 98.1% (102) of children were born in satisfactory condition (7–10 points). Only 2 children (1.9%) were diagnosed with moderate asphyxia with an Apgar score of 6 points. Conclusions. The use of active management tactics during pregnancy at 41+0 weeks allows for favorable outcomes. The priority use of mechanical methods of preinduction was associated with a low level of maternal and perinatal complications. Despite the burdened premorbid background in parturient women, the frequency of cesarean sections and operative vaginal deliveries remained low.

ABSTRACT Employees in hybrid work arrangements face blurred work-home boundaries when working from home, which can hinder recovery from work-related stress. To manage this challenge, employees use boundary tactics (temporal, physical, communicative, technological). Previous quantitative studies have primarily examined these tactics in isolation. Using a person-centred approach, we examined combinations of boundary tactics and explored their associations with antecedents (colleagues’ and supervisors’ segmentation norms, segmentation preference) and recovery indicators as outcomes (psychological detachment, mastery, control, relaxation, exhaustion). We conducted a two-wave study with measurement points four weeks apart. Latent profile analysis revealed four quantitatively and qualitatively distinct boundary tactic profiles at Time 1 (n T1 = 413). Two profiles (Uniform Moderate and Uniform Strong Boundary Managers) used all boundary tactics to the same extent, whereas two other profiles (Selective Moderate and Selective Strong Boundary Managers) showed reduced use of communicative and technological tactics. Segmentation preference and segmentation norms differentially predicted profile membership. Furthermore, we found distinct associations between boundary tactic profiles and recovery indicators at Time 2 (n T2 = 270). In summary, Uniform Strong Boundary Managers demonstrated the most favourable recovery experiences.

The work of ICRP Task Group 120 on radiation emergencies and malicious events.

The developmental consequences of armed conflict affect millions of children, with education being one of the most severely impacted areas. While existing studies examine country-level associations and emphasise conflict intensity, we focus on analysing the specific impact of conflict tactics that target children on primary school enrolment—namely, child soldier recruitment and sexual violence against minors. We argue that these tactics can negatively affect enrolment decisions in part because of security concerns, leading parents/guardians to keep children who are vulnerable and at risk of abuse away from school. Empirically, we link 59 georeferenced Demographic and Health Surveys from 30 sub-Saharan African countries with conflict data from the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset, incorporating information on the use of child-targeted conflict tactics. Using linear probability models, we find that general conflict incidence is associated with a decrease in the likelihood of primary school enrolment. However, the effects are stronger for child-targeted strategies: exposure to child soldier recruitment is associated with a 3.2% reduction, and conflict-related sexual violence with a 9.5% reduction in school enrolment probability. Both these child-specific conflict tactics are especially harmful to girls’ likelihood of enrolment. These findings add important nuance to our understanding of how conflict affects education.

ABSTRACT Elections can be manipulated in a variety of ways, both legal and illegal. Legal, or formal, electoral manipulation is common, while illegal manipulation is somewhat more variable. This variation has been attributed by some to the lower “legitimacy costs" of formal manipulation, compared to strategies like election fraud. Empirically, however, the relationship between formal manipulation and protest has been mixed. This study adds to the theory of legitimacy costs of manipulation by focusing on the interplay of procedural fairness and outcome favorability concerns. Using a survey-experiment from the Republic of Georgia in 2024, it shows that highly polarized opponents of the ruling party treat formal and illegal manipulation as equally illegitimate, while polarized incumbent supporters engage in motivated reasoning in the other direction – treating formal manipulation as equivalent to a clean election. These results help understand the limits of protest as a deterrent to manipulation efforts, and help illuminate the legitimacy costs of different tools of electoral malfeasance.

Short video-based prebunking reduces misinformation susceptibility by forewarning viewers about manipulation tactics. However, its effectiveness across older populations (45 + ), diverse cultures, and election-related misinformation remains unclear. To address this, we conducted 13 surveys across 12 EU nations (N = 19,735), testing three inoculation videos developed for the largest prebunking campaign to date, which reached 120M+ YouTube users before the 2024 EU Elections. These videos targeted three widely used misinformation tactics-scapegoating, decontextualization, and discrediting-which were prevalent across EU nations leading up to the elections. The videos improved manipulation (measured through manipulativeness assessments) and technique (measured through the correct identification of tactics) discernment of manipulative content from non-manipulative content and enhanced sharing decisions. Though effects were small (ds ≈ 0.08-0.38), they were significant across surveys. Longer (50s) videos showed more consistent improvements in discernment than shorter (20s) ones, but both improved technique discernment. Moderation analyses revealed country-level (e.g., education index) and socio-demographic (e.g., personaleducational attainment) influences that could inform future interventions. These findings demonstrate that scalable video-based inoculation interventions can be deployed to counter election misinformation across nations, but future work should explore how repeated or context-specific prebunking can sustain resistance to misinformation in diverse electoral and media environments.

This paper explores the use of creative tactics in employer branding, focusing on the #KarijeraBezOkvira campaign conducted by Вега ИТ. The campaign represents a “reverse job ad” approach that uses humor, sarcasm, and authenticity to both attract and filter candidates. Through content analysis, digital metrics, and internal company data, the paper demonstrates how creative communication can enhance brand visibility and the quality of applications while maintaining authenticity. The findings suggest that humor and transparency are powerful tools for building trust and distinctiveness in employer branding.

This article investigates regulatory challenges of internet advertising for environmentally certified products within widespread greenwashing practices in Ukrainian and global markets. The research examines legal principles and requirements for advertising in Ukraine while characterizing online advertising as a high-risk channel for deceptive environmental marketing practices. The author identifies absence of specialized legal regulation for internet advertising and substantiates necessity for legislative improvements given rapid e-commerce growth reaching 239 billion hryvnias in 2024 representing twenty-five percent annual increase. The study explores greenwashing as deceptive environmental product positioning practice and analyzes global prevalence dynamics. Research establishes paradoxical trend wherein overall greenwashing incidents decreased by twelve percent while high-severity cases simultaneously increased by thirty percent indicating evolution toward sophisticated manipulation tactics. Analysis of Ukrainian legislation regarding consumer protection and organic product regulation reveals critical gaps in monitoring environmental claims veracity in online environment. Consumer skepticism has reached critical levels with fifty-two percent believing organizations engage in greenwashing and eighty-eight percent of Generation Z expressing distrust toward brand environmental claims. Ukrainian organic market monitoring demonstrates only one out of twenty-three products bearing eco-labels could confirm valid certification possession representing ninety-five percent violation rate. European Union regulatory experience through Empowering Consumers for Green Transition Directive provides valuable insights prohibiting generic environmental claims without substantiation and establishing minimum penalties of four percent annual turnover. Article proposes pathways for solving legal regulation problems including strengthening control mechanisms establishing clearer standards implementing international certification system elements and developing rapid consumer complaint response mechanisms with special attention to online advertising specifics as more accessible and cost-effective channel compared to traditional advertising.

ABSTRACT This article traces a historical pathway from the Thai government’s historic propaganda practices to its use of contemporary digital disinformation. Using the framework of critical juncture, it examines how perceived threats to the established order have driven reliance on propaganda against political opponents, the institutional entities responsible for orchestrating state propaganda, and the legal framework underpinning their operations. The paper analyzes the emergence of anti-opposition narratives and propaganda mechanisms during the Cold War, the modification and codification of propaganda as state policy in the 2010s, and a subsequent fusion of former propaganda infrastructure and new digital tactics. By foregrounding contemporary disinformation within an autocratic legacy, the article argues that Cold War–era practices continue to shape the institutional and legal capacities of Thailand’s propaganda agencies, even as platforms’ algorithmic designs diversify manipulation tactics and expand the range of actors involved, reflecting both continuity in and transformation of state propaganda practices.

Abstract Violent nonstate actors are increasingly seen as engaging in a diverse set of tactics, including nonviolent resistance. The use of nonviolent tactics by rebels complicates our understanding of rebels as primarily violent challengers to the state. What determines rebel groups’ use of nonviolent tactics? Extant research explains this tactical choice with mobilization potential and incentives that external actors create. We propose an alternative, organization-centric approach. Shifting the focus to the role of organizational legacies in tactics decisions, we argue that a rebel group’s tactical choice between violent and nonviolent contention is influenced by the type of parent organization from which it descends. Rebel groups inherit organizational capacities, behavioral norms, and personnel from parent organizations. These factors shape decisions on and norms with respect to the use of contentious tactics. We contend that groups with nonviolent parent organizations should be more likely to engage in nonviolent tactics, and should do so earlier in conflict, than those with other types of parent organizations, as they inherit organizational repertoires comprised of peaceful practices, norms against violence, and members socialized into nonviolent contentious politics. We test our argument using a quantitative research design with the newly updated SRDP dataset on the tactics of self-determination groups and the FORGE dataset on rebel group origins. We find that rebels with roots in organizations that used nonviolence are more likely to employ nonviolent tactics and use these tactics significantly earlier in wartime than rebels with other types of parent organizations.

People may often attempt to support a loved one by changing how that loved one interprets a stressful situation (i.e., other-focused cognitive reappraisal). However, there are many specific ways in which a situation can be reframed, and while some reappraisal tactics may be effective, other tactics may be inert or possibly backfire-even when used with good intentions. We propose that it is useful to distinguish between decommitment tactics that involve decommitting from a previously held perspective (e.g., reducing severity: "It is not as bad as it seems"; situational acceptance: "It is out of your hands") and commitment tactics that involve committing to an alternative perspective (e.g., finding benefits: "This will help you grow"; enhancing controllability: "You can handle this"). Across a pilot study (N = 963, collected in 2022), a longitudinal study (N = 261, collected in 2021), and a round-robin study (N = 344, collected in 2024), we investigated how regulators' use of different tactics to manage loved ones' (i.e., recipients') emotions predicted recipient and relationship outcomes in diverse samples. Across studies, people commonly used each tactic to regulate recipients' emotions. However, only the commitment tactics (enhancing controllability and finding benefits) consistently predicted better outcomes across three studies-improved recipient emotional experience and feelings of being supported and, in turn, better recipient well-being and relationship quality-while both decommitment tactics (reducing severity and situational acceptance) were inert and sometimes linked to worse interpersonal outcomes. These findings highlight the complex implications of managing loved ones' emotions using reappraisal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

ABSTRACT Political commitments reflect core aspects of social identity, shaping how individuals interact with others. Authoritarianism is one feature that influences how political commitments are enacted in social contexts, and given increases in authoritarianism in democratic nations, it has become a pressing area of study. Nonetheless, left-wing authoritarianism (LWA) remains understudied. Current evidence suggests higher-LWA individuals may rely more on heuristics and exploitation to promote conformity, but limited, ambiguous data contribute to debate about whether LWA reflects an authoritarian construct. To enhance understanding of LWA as based in urgent tendencies to compel conformity (reflective of authoritarianism), participants in two studies (total N = 903) rated the perceived utility and use of a central/systematic approach and various peripheral/heuristic tactics in persuading dissenters. As hypothesized, LWA related to reports of greater perceived utility and enhanced use of various peripheral/heuristic approaches; LWA was unrelated to perceived utility of the central/systematic approach but was negatively related to its self-reported use. Additional testing revealed relations between LWA and the ratings of peripheral/heuristic tactics were reduced upon accounting for antisocial personality, suggesting its connection to these tactics is likely reflective of antagonistic mechanisms.

This research explores the historical and cultural significance of the Mazhavar community as depicted in Sangam Literature. Residing in the Mazhanadu region between the Kolli Hills and the Kollidam River, the Mazhavar were a martial community renowned for their distinct aesthetics, including curly hair adorned with Kadamba flowers and peacock feather garlands. The study highlights their military prowess, specifically their expertise in archery and the maintenance of elephant and horse cavalries. Key cultural practices are examined, such as the Poondhodai festival for martial graduation and the tactical use of termite mound soil to remain silent during night raids. Furthermore, the paper discusses their leadership under figures like Athiyaman Neduman Anji and Valvil Ori, their ritualistic sacrifices to the goddess Kotravai, and their lifestyle as both warriors and highway robbers.

The purpose of the study is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the technical and tactical indicators of sambo finalists (men and women) at the Summer Deaflympics in order to determine the specifics of their competitive activity and to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for the training process. Research methods and organization. The method of pedagogical observation was applied using video recording followed by notational analysis. The matches of the finalists – both men and women – were analyzed (group analysis). The evaluation was conducted according to E.M. Chumakov's methodology, with an analysis of the quantity, effectiveness, and structure of attacking actions (12 groups of techniques). Statistical methods were used to process the data. Research results and conclusions. It was established that the technical arsenal of the participants was significantly influenced by their previous sports specialization (judo, freestyle wrestling), which manifested in the minimal use of leg locks and the low effectiveness of throws involving leg grabs. A high productivity of female bouts was identified, despite a lower overall attack efficiency. A statistically significant asymmetry in attacking actions was found in men. It was determined that the video analysis method with notation is an effective tool for the objective assessment of the technical and tactical indicators of deaflympic sambo athletes. The training of athletes transitioning from judo and freestyle wrestling requires a focus on mastering techniques prohibited in their base disciplines and developing specialized ‘sambo’ endurance to enhance offensive effectiveness. Training models for men should include targeted development and tactical use of attacks to the left side. The results obtained allow for the optimization of training under compressed pre-competition cycles.

Objective. To share experience in the application of modern strategies for the surgical treatment of combat injuries to the chest and abdomen in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine during the period 2022–2024. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 375 military personnel and civilian patients with combat injuries to the chest and abdomen who received staged treatment in temporary medical units and were hospitalized at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region between 2022 and 2024 was conducted. The use of a specific surgical strategy was justified taking into account the hemodynamic status and physiological abnormalities of the patient, the mechanism and severity of the injury, and the medical and tactical situation. Results. Among all hospitalized patients, the frequency of combat chest injuries was 11.5%, and combat abdominal injuries was 8.7%. Men accounted for 98.1%. The average age of patients was (39.1 ± 3.4) years. The most common type of injury was gunshot shrapnel wounds – 208 (55.5%) patients. Surgical care was provided in a tense medical and tactical situation (combat phase – offensive) to 89 (23.7%) patients. The actual use of the Damage Control Surgery strategy was determined in 241 (64.3%) patients. According to the results of the study, the use of Damage Control Surgery tactics was justified in 68 (18.1%) patients, Tactical Abbreviated Surgical Control of Trauma in 89 (23.7%), Staged Surgical Treatment in 157 (41.8%), Selective Non-Operative Management in 45 (12.1%), and Early Total Care in 16 (4.3%) patients. Conclusions. The choice of treatment strategy for patients with combat chest and abdominal trauma depends on the patient's hemodynamic status, the medical and tactical situation, the personnel and material and technical support available at the stage of medical care, the phase of combat, and the possibilities for logistics and evacuation. Most often, Staged Surgical Treatment was used as a reasonable surgical strategy in conditions of controlled hemodynamic stability of the patient. Damage Control Surgery and Tactical Abbreviated Surgical Control of Trauma strategies are prioritized for hemodynamically unstable patients in complex medical and tactical situations. Early Total Care tactics are effective only in hospital settings in stable patients and are excessively risky in cases of combined and multiple injuries. In the current conditions of armed conflict, Staged Surgical Treatment, Tactical Abbreviated Surgical Control of Trauma, and Damage Control Surgery remain the most adaptive and effective methods of managing combat surgical trauma.

Abstracts. Introduction. Secondary peritonitis is an egalitarian disease because it remains a potential health threat to all people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic status, regardless of their health status. Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms can be overcome by the use of probiotic disinfectants, which can also have a positive effect on the treatment of peritonitis. The diverse spectrum of properties of probiotics can solve many modern problems not only in surgery, but also in medicine in general. B. subtilis is a commercially important probiotic that is known to produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study is a new direction in the complex treatment of peritonitis, which can significantly improve its outcomes. Therefore, this study is relevant in the era of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and peritonitis. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of various methods of abdominal sanitation in the treatment of disseminated peritonitis. Matherials and methods. The study included 98 patients with disseminated peritonitis who underwent treatment in 2023-2024. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I (main) consisted of 31 (31.6%) patients, whose abdominal cavity was cleaned with a 5% solution of probiotic antiseptic, then a probiotic antiseptic spray was applied to the surgical wound, then a gel with probiotics after its suturing. Group II (main) consisted of 32 (32.7%) patients, in whom sorbent solution was used for cleaning the abdominal cavity. Group III (comparison group) consisted of 35 (35.7%) patients, in whom the abdominal cavity was cleaned with 0.9% NaCl solution. To determine the level of endotoxicosis, we determined the cytolytic activity of autologous blood serum, the albumin fraction of blood serum, the toxin-binding capacity of albumin, and the effective concentration of serum albumin. Results. The use of the developed treatment tactics in patients of group I caused a decrease in the manifestations of endotoxicosis already on the 3rd day of the study - the toxin-binding ability of peripheral blood proteins was restored and the effective concentration of albumin increased. This caused a decrease in the cytolytic activity of blood plasma and its albumin fraction. On the 7th day of the study, significant positive dynamics of the studied indicators were determined. In patients of group II, slower positive dynamics of the studied indicators were observed, and its activity was significant on the 7th day of the study. At the same time, in patients of group III, changes in the studied indicators did not have a clearly expressed positive dynamics throughout the study. Conclusions. It has been clinically proven that the use of probiotic antiseptics for the sanitation of the abdominal cavity in disseminated peritonitis is an effective method and allows to improve the treatment outcomes of such patients.