Tacca Leontopetaloides Research Articles

Ethnobotany study of Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides) as a source of nutrition quality improvement on the South Coastal people in West Java

Community income of West Java coastal areas ranging from Pelabuhan Ratu area to the coastal area of Leuweung Sancang in South Garut, West Java is fishing. Their daily life is very dependent on the results of fishing in the sea. Livelihoods like this are highly dependent on the condition of the seasons. This makes the life of coastal communities are often categorized as food insecure communities. The longer dry season than the rainy season adds to the livelihood of the community tends to suffer from food insecurity. Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides) is one of the plant species that grows on the coast, has tubers containing a high source of carbohydrates and mineral content which can be utilized by the community to overcome such dry conditions. This research was conducted from 2016-2018 in several villages, namely the coast of Kerta Jaya Village (Sukabumi Regency), Cidamar (Cianjur Selatan, Cianjur Regency), Cikelet, Cijambe, Cigadog, Mancagahar, Pameungpeuk, Leuweung Sancang (Garut Regency), West Java. Ethnobotany study of Jalawure is discussed in this manuscript.

Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species

Abstract. Wong SY, Chua KS. 2019. Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species. Biodiversitas 20: 3096-3118. A phylogenetic study of 16 of the c. 20 Tacca species is presented using nuclear ITS and plastid matK gene regions. Tacca leontopetaloides and T. maculata are a sister clade to the rest of the Tacca species. Tacca palmata and T. palmatifida are strongly supported together in a clade with this clade sister to T. bibracteata and T. plantaginea. All endemic Bornean taxa except T. bibracteata formed a derived clade together with non-Bornean T. cristata and T. sumatrana. The Bornean taxa are separated into three clades with T. borneensis sister to the other two clades. Twelve morphological characteristics are coded and mapped onto the Maximum Parsimony tree to elucidate potential evolutionary patterns. Results indicated shifts from a geophytic (irregularly-) seasonally dormant to an evergreen mesophytic habit, a decompound to a simple leaf blade, a long to a short peduncle, green to dark-colored inflorescences, numerous to few inner bracts, bracteoles, and flowers, and a low to an increased number of ovules. Within the Bornean taxa, there is a reversal from showy bracts and elaborate inflorescences to less showy bracts and simplified inflorescences. Tacca cristata Jack is resurrected from within T. integrifolia Ker Gawl. sensu Drenth. A new species, Tacca havilandii S.Y.Wong & K.S.Chua from Borneo is described.

ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ARROWROOT (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) AT KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL JAVA

ALHAMD, L. 2018. Ecological study of the arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) at Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. Reinwardtia 17(2): 87–96. — An ecological study of arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) at Karimunjawa National Park (Karimunjawa NP), Central Java, was conducted at six islands, namely Kumbang, Nyamuk, Katang, Seruni, Cendikia and Sintok islands. A sampling plot of 10 × 50 m2 was established on each island. The results showed that the arrowroot population in Katang island was greater than those of other islands, with a density of 0.74 m-2, a frequency of 0.8 and an abundance of 23.1. The arrowroot density of all samplings ranged from 137 to 370 per 0.05 ha. The occurrence of 30 species surrounding arrowroot was observed and only five species, Sida acuta (Chi-square count (cs)>Chi-square table cs=5.71, P<0.05) and Scaevola taccada (cs=7.94, P<0.01) in Kumbang island, Imperata cylindrica (cs=18.81, P<0.01) in Nyamuk island, Morinda citrifolia (cs=9.47, P<0.01) in Sintok island, and Carica papaya (cs=3.95, P<0.05) in Cendikia island, had significant associations with arrowroot. For habitat characteristics, soil textures were dominated by sandy types ranging from 90 to 95%, whilst other soil properties such as pH, N, P, K, Mg and CEC did not significantly affect the presence of arrowroot.

A Late Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Ulong Island, Palau, from starch grain, charcoal, and geochemistry analyses

This study represents the first starch grain analysis undertaken in Palau, performed on a sediment core extracted from a sinkhole on Ulong Island. Radiocarbon dating indicates the core spans the likely period of human occupation on Ulong (ca. 3000 years) as established by prior archaeological evidence. Samples were analysed for macrocharcoal, starch content, and geochemical composition. The results of the analyses indicate an initial period of intensive clearance and gardening from ca. 3000–2000 BP, during which banana (Musa spp.), yams (Dioscorea spp.), Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides), Tahitian chestnut (Inocarpus fagifer), and breadfruit (Artocarpus sp.) were being utilised and/or cultivated. This initial phase was then followed by a period of reduced and stabilized gardening activity until ca. 1000 BP, during which banana (Musa spp.) disappears from the starch record. The period after 1000 BP represents the transition between the first permanent settlements on Ulong, abandoned between 500 and 300 BP, and the arrival of Europeans in 1783. This period is marked by a dearth of charcoal indicating the absence of significant burning, as well as a decrease in the variety of starch grains from cultigens.

Dilution Ratio of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i> in the Production of Bioethanol with the Inoculation of Indigenous Yeasts Consortium

Dilution Ratio of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i> in the Production of Bioethanol with the Inoculation of Indigenous Yeasts Consortium

Modification of alginate beads using gelatinized and ungelatinized arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides L. Kuntze) starch for drug delivery

Arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides L. Kuntze) starch in gelatinized and ungelatinized forms was used to modify the characteristics of calcium alginate (CA) beads containing diclofenac sodium (DS). Sodium alginate (SA) was able to molecularly interact with ungelatinized starch (UGS) granules and gelatinized starch (GS) gel via hydrogen bonding mechanisms in the dispersions, leading to viscosity synergism before cross-linking. The GS-CA beads provided a significantly higher DS entrapment efficiency than the UGS-CA beads. The added UGS retarded the water uptake of the CA beads, resulting in slower DS release profiles in purified water and a longer lag time of DS release in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. On the other hand, GS enhanced water uptake and accelerated the DS release of the beads in both media. Moreover, the 1%GS-CA beads displayed slower DS release than the CA and 1%UGS-CA beads in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer when simulated gastro-intestinal (GI) condition was used. This study shows that UGS and GS obtained from Tacca leontopetaloides L. Kuntze have good potential to improve drug entrapment efficiency of the CA beads, and the DS-loaded GS-CA beads can be used as multiunit dosage forms for sustaining drug release in simulated GI condition.

Pengaruh Modifikasi KH2PO4, NH4NO3 dan Sukrosa terhadap Pertumbuhan Tunas serta Pembentukan Umbi Mikro Taka (Tacca leontopetaloides) secara In vitro

ABSTRACT Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze), which is one of the bulbous herbaceous plants, have high nutritional value. Modification of macro nutrients by reducing nitrogen content and increasing phosphorus on the medium gave affects on shoot growth and initiated micro tuber formation on in vitro cultures. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of modified macro nutrients in combination with the increase in sucrose concentrations on shoot growth and micro tuber formation of T. leontopetaloides. The experimental design was factorial completely randomized design.The factors tested were modifications of MS macro nutrients that were. M1 (170 mg/l KH2PO4 and 1650 mg/l NH4NO3; normal, control treatment); M2 (340 mg/l KH2PO4 and 825 mg/l NH4NO3); and M3 (680 mg/l KH2PO4 and 412.5 mg/l NH4NO3 in combination with 30 (S1) (control treatment), 40 (S2), 50 (S3) and 60 g/l of sucrose (S4). The variables tested were shoot height, number of leaves, number of roots and number of micro tuber which were observed weekly at 0-8 weeks after culturing. The results showed that the modification of macro nutrient in combination with sucrose concentration had significant effect on shoot height, number of leaves and number of roots but not significant on the number of tubers. The highest shoots were found in M1S3 treatment, the highest number of leaves was in M1S1 and M1S3 treatment and the highest number of roots was in M1S4 treatment. The number of tubers not significantly different between the treatments tested. Keywords: in vitro, KH2PO4, microtuber, NH4NO3, sucrose, Tacca leontopetaloides

Ethnobotany of Phu Thai Ethnic Group in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand

The present study aimed to study the diversity of plants used by Phu Thai ethnic groups in Nakhon Phanom province, and to find out the correlation between genders, age, and indigenous knowledge of the Phu Thai groups. The data were analyzed by using independent-samples t-test, one way ANOVA, cultural importance index (CI), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL %). The results showed that there were 329 plant species from 89 families used in the daily life by the Phu Thai.The largest number of plant species were from Fabaceae (42 species, 12.77 %), followed by Zingiberaceae (20 species, 6.07 %), and Poaceae (15 species, 4.56 %). One hundred and ninety nine species were edible and used for consumption, 176 species for medicine, 56 species for cultural purposes, and 79 for other uses. The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) of medicinal plants were calculated for injuries (ICF = 0.961) indicating the highest degree of agreement among the informants knowledge of medicinal plants used to treat disorders in this category. The highest fidelity level (FL %) values were calculated for Crinum asiaticum L. var. asiaticum (93.62%), showing the conformity of knowledge regarding use of this plant to heal ankle sprains and postpartum women. The CI values were calculated for Oryza sativa L. (CI = 2.74), followed by Saccharum officinarum L. (CI = 2.64), and Cocos nucifera L. (CI = 2.57), respectively. The most frequently used parts of the plant were leaves (82 species; 21.20 %) followed by fruits (70 species; 17.99 %), and stems (46 species; 11.85 %). Tree was the most common plant habit (77 species; 26.50 %), followed by the herb (72 species; 22.90 %), and climber (34 species; 9.20 %). The plants were gathered from cultivated fields more than from the forest. The ethnobotanical knowledge listed by males and females did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The older informants had significantly more knowledge of medicinal plant uses than younger informants (p < 0.05). The Phu Thai ethnic group used Oryza sativa L. to make glutinous fermented liquors called “U”. It contains a variety of plants such as Alpinia galangal (L.) Willd., Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Albizia myriophylla Benth., Paederia linearis Hook. f. var. linearis, Saccharum officinarum L., Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., and Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze.

THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF THERMOPLASTIC FILMS FROM TACCA LEONTOPETALOIDES STARCH

Tacca leontopetaloides is a new plant source of starch and has high potential to produce film of thermoplastic. In this study, thermoplastic starch (TPS) derived from T.leontopetaloides was developed with glycerol as plasticizer through casting method at temperature range from 85 °C to 90 °C and enhanced with sulphur vulcanization method. It was found that the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (v/v) of glycerol into T.leontopetaloides starch had affected the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and water absorption of the thermoplastic films. In the mechanical properties study, the TPS films have the highest tensile strength (47.96 MPa) at 5% glycerol content in the formulation. Conversely, the TPS films have increasing value of elongation at break (EAB) with increasing glycerol concentration with the higher EAB obtained at 25% glycerol content (52.90%). The morphology of thermoplastic film was examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As glycerol content increased, thermoplastic films showed smoother surface, homogenous and good distribution. In water absorption test, TPS films showed lower affinity to water absorption at lower glycerol content. The weight of the TPS films increased ranging from 80.3% to 107.4% after 12 hour of immersion in water. It can be concluded that, glycerol significantly affected the properties of TPS film within the range of glycerol concentration studied.

Botanical Survey in Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: Inventory of Flora Collection at Forest

Nusa Tenggara consists of some small islands, one of them is Moyo Island. The diversity of plant species in this island is not really known for certain. This research was determined to observe the diversity of plant spe-cies in Moyo Island forest. The research was conducted in April 2013 by using floristic analysis method. The characteristic of Moyo Island forest is lowland evergreen rain forest. The results showed there were 60 tree species recorded in Moyo Island forest. There were many fruiting trees and seedling from the trees which show healthy growth, indicated that the plant regeneration in this forest is went well. The diversity of Pteri-dophytes and orchids were not high. Epiphytic fern which often found in the forest were Drynaria quersifolia and Platycerium bifurcatum and terrestrial orchid that dominated in the forest was Nervilia aragoana. Tuber plant was often found in this forest and grew prolifically were Tacca, Dioscorea and Amorphophallus. In coastal area lived a population of Pandanus tectorius . There were three new record plants found. The first was epiphytic orchid: Pteroceras javanica , the second was the epiphytic plant: Hoya verticillata and wild tuber plant: Tacca leontopetaloides .

Isolation and Identification of Ethanol and Glucose Tolerance Yeasts Strain from Tacca leontopetaloides

The research aimed to isolate and characterize indigenous yeast strain from Tacca leontopetaloides with respect to the ethanol and glucose tolerance ability. Research done experimentally and the data analyzed descriptively. Yeasts isolated from 1g Tacca leontopetaloides grown at modified Potato Dextrose Agar/PDA (Oxoid Ltd.) with 3% Yeasts Extract/YE (Kraft Foods) and 10 ppm amoxicillin addition. Yeasts-like colony was tested in the ability to tolerate ethanol and glucose contents by grown on modified Nutrient Broth/NB (Oxoid Ltd.) with 3% Yeasts Extract/YE (Kraft Foods) and 10 ppm amoxicillin then added with glucose monohydrate (10%, 20%, 30%) or ethanol (10%, 20%, 30%) and incubated for 72h at ambient (23-28°C). Optical density (OD) was read for UV absorbance at 600 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer every 24h until 72h. The strain of best isolate with the ability to tolerate high ethanol and glucose contents were identified by the sequence analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region using primers ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). The sequencing was performed at Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea), and the sequences was compared with the GenBank database using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) algorithm (http//:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). Results shown there are four yeasts-like isolate and the TK1 isolate showed the best ethanol tolerance ability with highest OD at 30% ethanol concentration (0.486) and the highest OD at 30% glucose concentration (1.732). The species identification identified the TK1 isolate as 99% identical with Candida natalensis (ITS1) and 100% identical with Candida quercitrusa (ITS4).

Root tuber of Tacca leontopetaloides L. (kunze) for food and nutritional security

Tacca leontopetaloides L. (Kunze) is a wild perennial herbaceous and underutilized tuber crop. This study was aimed at analyzing quantitatively the tuber starch of T. leontopetaloides L. (Kunze) collected in the wild from Angwan Zam and Ntuer in Shendam Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Plateau State Nigeria for the presence of nutritional and anti-nutritional components. The proximate composition, elemental analyses and phytochemical composition of the tuber starch carried out revealed the presence of moisture, 8.66%, crude protein, 6.79%, crude fibre, 5.44%, crude fat, 0.51%, ash, 0.41%, and NFE (total carbohydrate), 78.19%. The elemental analysis of T. leontopetaloides indicated presence of some trace elements including sodium, 34.71 mg/100 g, potassium, 40.18 mg/100 g, calcium, 0.25 mg/100 g, magnesium, 1.40 mg/100 g, iron, 1.37 mg/100 g, zinc, 1.64 mg/100 g, manganese, 0.72 mg/100 g, copper, 0.68 mg/100 g and phosphorus, 0.06 mg/100 g. The results of antinutrient composition of T. leontopetaloides revealed the presence of tannins, 2.50 mg/100 g, Phytate, 49.77 mg/100 g, oxalate, 15.51 mg/100 g, cyanide, 0.18 mg/100 g, alkaloids, 42.90 mg/100 g, saponins, 14.67 mg/100 g and flavonoids, 1.46 m g/100 g. It was observed that steeping in water for sometimes had effects on the concentration of the anti-nutritional components. This in effect presents the tuber crop a good candidate as food source for humans in a developing country like Nigeria.

Isolation and Identification of Ethanol and Glucose Tolerance Yeasts Strain from Tacca leontopetaloides

Isolation and Identification of Ethanol and Glucose Tolerance Yeasts Strain from Tacca leontopetaloides

Antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic properties of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) tuber’s aqueous extracts in the rats

Tubers of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) play an important role in food substitution during the periods of food shortage in occidental and central Africa. It is also used in traditional medicine for the treatment of the diarrhea, dysentery, stomach evil, viral hepatitis and the infection of guinea worn. This study attempted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic properties of aqueous extracts of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides in rats. For this experimentation, two tests were done: antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests. Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats with High Fat Diet containing 300 g of egg yolk, 2 g of cholesterol, 250 g of coconut oil and 50 g of soya oil. The group of rats on which the antihyperlipidemic test was done was fed with High Fat Diet and supplemented with T. leontopetaloides aqueous extract at 27.34 mg/kg, and 54.68 mg/kg; after 21 days of experimentation, the different groups of rats were sacrificed. The lipid profile and some biochemical parameters were evaluated. Organs like kidneys, liver and stomach were taken for histopathological evaluation. For the hypolipidemic test, after three weeks of induction of hyperlipidemia, the diet was changed to normal diet and aqueous extract of tubers was given to rats during 21 days at doses of 3.41 mg/kg and 13.67 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed after 21 days of experimentation. The lipid profile, some biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were evaluated. The antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests of aqueous extract of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides induced reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and an increase in HDL-cholesterol significantly (p < 0.05); decreasing activities of ALAT and ASAT enzymes, levels of creatinin remained no changed. Histopathological study revealed that extracts did not repair the destructions of liver cells and glomerules of kidneys caused by High Fat Diet. Aqueous extract of tubers of T. leontopetaloides exhibits antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic activities; hence it could be important in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

Antitrypanosomal Activity of a Novel Taccalonolide from the Tubers of Tacca leontopetaloides.

Several taccalonolides with various bioactivities have been isolated from Tacca species but no studies to isolate taccalonolides with anti-trypanosomal activity from Tacca leontopetaloides have been reported. To analyse extracts of the roots of Tacca leontopetaloides, purify the extracts by column chromatography and identify isolated compounds by spectroscopic methods. The compounds and fractions will be tested for antitrypanosomal activity in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Dried roots or tubers of Tacca leontopetaloides, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic identification. A novel taccalonolide A propanoate and some known taccalonolides were isolated and their structures were determined by NMR and mass spectrometry Several taccalonolides were isolated from Tacca leontopetaloides and were found to have in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and EC50 values for the isolated compounds were from 0.79 µg/mL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pengaruh Fermentasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Lactobacillus plantarum B307 Terhadap Kadar Proksimat dan Amilografi Tepung Taka Modifikasi (Tacca leontopetaloides)

Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) is plant that grows in coastal areas and high salinity, especially in the south coast of West Java. Tacca tubers have high content of carbohydrate, but it also contains some toxic compounds such as: taccaline, β – sitosterol, alcohol cerylic, and steroid sapogenin that are harmful for health. Fermentation on tacca tubers can change amylograph properties and proximate levels of modified tacca flour and reduce it toxic compounds. This study aimed at determining the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum B307 fermentation on the proximate levels and amylograph characteristics of modified tacca flour. Moisture and ash content of modified tacca flour still meet the requirements of SNI. Fermentation LAB Lactobacillus plantarum B307 led to increased levels of protein and lactic acid in the modified tacca flour, but it decreased pH value and carbohydrate content. Based on the analysis of amylograph, it can be concluded that tacca flour control without fermentation has the best gelatinization profile because it has good ability of setback viscosity.

Are Tacca leontopetaloides (Linn.) O. Kuntze Mini-tuber Growth Affected by Media Composition and Tuber Size?

Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides (Linn.) O. Kuntze) is a tropical plant that is widely used for its starch in some countries as well as a medicinal plant. Tacca has advantages as it can grow on sand in tropical seashore areas and rain forests. Farmers in Madura Island Indonesia cultivated tacca by using mother tubers as propagules and harvest the daughter tubers, but no studies have been conducted on the growth of mini tubers and their cultivation. The purpose of this study was to find the best combination of planting media and the size of mini tuber for growing tacca. The experiment was set in a completely randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The planting media are sand : rice-hull charcoal : cow manure (1:1:1 v/v), soil : sand : cow manure (1:1:1 v/v), soil : rice-hull charcoal : cow manure (1:1:1 v/v), and soil : cow manure (1:1 v/v);mini-tuber weight are1-5 and 5.1-20 g. The result showed that Polynesian arrowroot grow best on sand : rice-hull charcoal : cow manure (1:1:1 v/v) and rice-hull charcoal : cow manure (1:1 v/v) media. Both propagules sizes can be used, but plants from large mini-tuber had better growth and produced larger mother and daughter tubers. Key words: mini tuber, parent tuber, Polynesian arrowroot, organic media planting, secondary tuber

Simplified in vitro propagation protocol for Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze and assessment of genetic uniformity of regenerated plantlets

Tacca leontopetaloides is a tuberous species with nutritional, medicinal, and industrial potential. The aim of the present study was to develop a simplified micropropagation protocol for this species, combining phases of in vitro propagation and rooting, and to assess the genetic stability of in vitro regenerants using ISSR and flow cytometric analysis. In the first step, the effect of four cytokinins (BA, zeatin, kinetin, thidiazuron) at concentrations of 0.1-0.7 mg l-1 on shoot organogenesis was tested. The highest number of shoots was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 zeatin (4.11 ± 0.35 shoots/explant). Thereafter, this treatment was combined with auxins (NAA, IAA) at concentrations of 0.01-0.07 mg l-1 to study shoot organogenesis and in vitro rooting. A combination of plant growth regulators provided unchanged shoot organogenesis, while the root number per explant increased. The highest number of roots of all tested treatments was produced on MS medium supplemented with zeatin (0.1 mg l-1) in combination with NAA (0.05 mg l-1) (5.00 ± 0.38 roots/explant), suggesting that this medium may be used for both propagation and rooting. Well-rooted plants were transferred ex vitro, with a 97.78% survival rate. Ten randomly chosen in vitro regenerants were subjected to ISSR and flow cytometric analysis. Eleven ISSR primers produced 40 clear and reproducible bands per sample. All amplified products were monomorphic; no polymorphism was detected. Similarly, the results of flow cytometric analysis showed no variation in ploidy level. Thus, the micropropagation method optimized here can be used for highly effective production of true-to-type plants of T. leontopetaloides.

Effect of Acetylation on Stability to Retrogradation of Starch Extracted from Wild Polynesian Arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) for Utilization as Adhesive on Paper

Starch was isolated from T. leontopetaloides tubers, chemically modified by acetylation with varying amounts of acetic anhydride. Monolayer of the ten acetylated and control starch powders was exposed on roof top for five weeks and pastes of both exposed and unexposed (control) samples were prepared with distilled water (1 : 3 w/w). The effects of acetylation, degree of substitution (DS), and exposure to sunlight were investigated to evaluate the retrogradation tendency of the adhesive pastes from changes in syneresis, tack strength, optical clarity, viscosity, gelation time, and drying time. The results obtained showed that all the adhesive properties studied were affected by both DS and exposure to sunlight. While tack strength, viscosity, and drying time were found to increase with increase in DS, syneresis, optical clarity, and gelation time were found to decrease with increase in DS. Increase in tack strength and reduction in syneresis imply that the acetylation treatment has made T. leontopetaloides starch more suitable for use in remoistenable adhesive applications. The reduction in syneresis, optical clarity, and gelation time with increase in DS was attributed to the strengthening of the bonds between the amylose and amylopectin molecules, preventing water leaching out of the starch granules.

Effect of Volume Plasticizers on the Thermal Performance of <i>Tacca leontopetaloides</i> Starch Biopolymer

The effect of 10, 30 and 50 % volume of Olein oil, Glycerol and Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as plasticizer on the thermal performance of biopolymer has been investigated in this paper. The biopolymer was developed from a new source of starch,Tacca leontopetaloides, and natural rubber by using two roll-mill. Changes in functional groups and thermal performance of formulated bio-Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Increased volume of Olein oil and glycerol resulted to increasing strength of hydrogen bonding in the intermolecular TPEs, therefore it has high thermal resistant towards high temperature. Conversely, increased volume of CPO decreased the strength of hydrogen bonding in structural starch and CPO therefore TPE with CPO shows high degradability which possess up to 100 % weight reduction at 500 0C.