Production Of Tableware Research Articles

Effect of functional unit and processing types on carbon footprint and specific energy consumption assessment of Thailand tableware products

ABSTRACT Thailand’s Table 5ceramic industry is one of the most important industries in the country in terms of export figures. However, production consumes a large amount of energy and raw materials, which causes adverse environmental impacts. Thus, a carbon footprint assessment of different methods of forming Thai ceramic tableware evaluated by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) as the assessment tool. The evaluation of specific energy consumption (SEC) was also conducted. The functional units were set as 1 kg and 1 L of ceramic tableware. The system boundaries included the raw material acquisition phases until the factory gate, and then being ready to ship to customers. All primary data was acquired and collected on-site through collaboration with the selected factory. The study showed that the most significant environmental impact was due to the biscuit and ghost firing processes used during the production phase, accounting for an average of 74% of the total carbon footprint. The SEC results were an average of 79 % for LPG, while electricity had a 21% share. Different forming methods did not exhibit significantly different results. Moreover, the forecasting of GHG emissions from the ceramic tableware sector by 2030 and further solution was also included in the discussion.

Проблемы изучения и хронологии славяно-русской керамики X–XVIII веков: опыт исследования

Purpose. Ceramics are the most popular material in the Slavic-Russian archaeological settlement sites. The aim of the work is to analyze the chronological schemes proposed by the researchers, created on the basis of ceramic materials of the Slavic-Russian settlement complexes of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia, to identify chronologically significant signs of pottery. Results. Various aspects of ceramic production were taken into account in the construction of chronological scales for ceramics of monuments of the European part of Russia. Researchers base their chronologies on the technological features of the production of tableware: the composition of the molding mass, the presence of impurities, the method of firing vessels and comparison with analogies from monuments for which a chronological scale has already been developed. In the chronology of Siberian ceramics, the experience is only based on the materials of Tobolsk. To distinguish the chronological columns, the Siberian authors use the analysis of the morphology of vessels, the color of the shard and a comparative analysis with the materials of the European part of Russia. Conclusion. To obtain reliable conclusions about the belonging of ceramics to a particular chronological period, it is necessary to take into account all factors, such as: the context of the occurrence of chronological groups in the layers, the morphological features of the corollas and vessels in general, the technology of production of dishes, comparative analysis with similar materials from clearly dated layers. Such a comprehensive examination of the ceramic material will make it possible to construct a chronological column for a particular monument with the greatest confidence. Given the amount of ceramic material on archaeological sites, the problems of creating a universal chronological scale, classification scheme and the use of unified terms are seen as very relevant.

Henchir el Biar re-collected : new evidence from J.W. Salomonson’s survey in 1968

Within the framework of the study of J.W. Salomonson’s survey collection of late Roman African Red Slip Ware, new evidence from the North Tunisian workshop of Henchir el Biar prospected by Salomonson in 1968 is presented here. Typo-chronological evaluations and standardized fabric description have been combined and cross-referenced with already studied finds to establish a coherent classification of Henchir el Biar’s late Roman tableware production. The long-lasting assumption of an end of production in the mid-6th century AD is thereby revised.

Identification of cord sources in glass using CFD

Cord appearance in the glass industry is a serious problem in high glass quality tableware production. The increased frequency of sharp cords provoked a serious analysis on cord origin and their elimination at the production line. Optical microscopy and electron microprobe analysis (EMA) were applied as direct methods for cord identification. A computational flow dynamics calculation (CFD) and process data analysis were used to verify the hypothesised source of the inhomogeneity. The hypothesis on origin of ZrO2 free cords containing high amounts of Al2O3 was postulated in relation to the refractory material composition of the forehearth. Calculations showed that the suggested mechanism at temperatures between 1200 and 1300°C was relevant. The hypothesis was supported by a change of chemical character of the cords after partial removal of the poorly resistant material. Also the average cord frequency was reduced on a production line from 53 to 17%. CFD simulations indicated that there may exist an effective mixing strategy on cord dissolution. Increasing stirrer rotation speed in a tempering part of the forehearth had a positive effect on cord disruption. The proposed stirrer set up decreased the cord frequency to less than 2%.

Technology for the Production of Environment Friendly Tableware

Abstract From the point of view of environmental protection, it is reasonable to stop using disposable tableware that has been made from polluting plastics and to start using biodegradable and compostable products. Biodegradable and compostable tableware is significantly more environment and nature friendly than disposable plastic tableware and drinkware. The by-products (mostly bran) from the milling of wheat, corn and rice and palm leaves are used for the production of tableware. In the Baltic States, including Estonia, it is reasonable to use wheat bran, rye bran and buckwheat bran and the mixtures of these brans. The aim of this research was to provide the technical and technological know-how for the production of environment friendly disposable tableware and to verify the suitability of the new technological means. In order to achieve the aim, a punch and a die were modelled to produce disposable plates with desired parameters, materials and work modes for the material were chosen and, thereafter, the plates were produced from bran using a physical punch and die and using a suitable moulding mode or temperature and compression duration and using prescribed compressive forces. The mechanical properties like density and flexural strength of the moulded plates were determined.

도자 식기 상품 패턴에 관한 연구 -20대 남성의 패턴 선호도를 중심으로-

21세기의 도자 식기상품 패턴 트렌드를 단순히 도구의 장식 기능의 특성으로만 인지하는 것은 더 이상무의미한 멀티 트렌드 시대를 맞이하고 있다. 소수 매니아층을 위한 상품 제작에서 가장 최우선으로 고려되어야 할 점은 개인의 감성코드를 읽어내는 일이라 할 수 있다.<BR> 2020년 현재 20대 남성이 선호하는 도자식기 상품패턴 관련 설문조사를 통해 향 후 점점 더 증가 추세에 있는 혼족 남성들의 최근 도자상품 식기 소비문화를 이해하고 구매 의도에 연계한 패턴디자인을 주제로 한 도자 식기상품제작에 기반이 되고자 함을 연구의 목적으로 20대 남성 50명을 대상으로 도자 식기상품 패턴 선호도에 관한 설문조사를 통해 그 조사 결과를 분석함을 연구의 방법으로 진행한 결과 도자상품 식기를 직접 구매한 경험이 있으십니까? 라는 설문의 답은 47명이 구매 경험이 있다고 응답하였다. 도자 식기상품 구매 시 패턴이 구매 동기로 작용합니까? 라는 설문은 41명이 그렇다고 응답하였으며 도자식기상품 패턴 중 가장 선호하는 패턴은 무엇입니까?라는 설문의 답은 41명이 기하문이라고 응답했다. 만약 자연 문중에 호감도가 있다면 가장 호감도가 높은 패턴은 식물문이란 응답이 31%였으며 도자 식기상품패턴 중 선호 패턴이 만약 식물 문중 가장 선호도가 높은 분석결과는 나무 이미지가 41%였다. 사실적 표현 이미지보다는 단순한 이미지를 틀에 박힌 이미지보다는 자유로운 이미지를 선호하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 논문의 설문 외에 ‘도자 식기상품 패턴에 대한 의견이 있으십니까?’라는 설문의 응답 중에 ‘남성적인 이미지의 패턴이 디자인되었으면 좋겠다’와 20대 남성들의 정서를 알 수 있는 ‘만화 주인공 이미지의 패턴디자인도 있었으면 좋겠다’라는 설문의 분석결과가 도출되었다.<BR> 식기 패턴은 식기를 제작하는 생산자의 감성을 표현하던 시대에서 이제 다양한 감성을 가진 구매 인구구성원으로 바뀌었다. 그중 홀로 사는 20대 남성 인구가 증가하고 있는 이 시대 각각의 감성의 크기와 정서 주체가 다른 소비자를 향한 패턴의 키워드를 분석하여 새로운 식기 패턴 문화를 보완하는 데 본 논문의 분석결과가 작은 기반이 되기를 기대하며 본 논문의 결과 분석의 자료가 도자 식기상품 패턴 트렌드에 민감한 20대 남성의 패턴 현상을 이해하여 디자인의 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 근거에 역할이 되기를 또한 기대한다.

Product Performance Analysis of Fine Bone China Using Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding Process

By combining the traditional slip casting technique and existing polymer rotary moulding concept a new process namely Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding (CSRM) machine was established. The CSRM machine was developed to control parameters such as temperature (heating and cooling), time and speed. It is suitable for producing hollow ceramic products especially for ceramic materials such as fine bone china, which is a soft material used for tableware and art ware products due to its brightness and high strength. This research mainly focuses on the preparation of five different particle sizes of fine bone china measurements; 106 μm, 125 μm, 202 μm, 250 μm, and 300 μm respectively by using the CSRM machine. Different particle sizes of the fine bone china materials were tested to check the accurate and suitable wall thickness by controlling the temperature, speed, time and also the weight of the slip to get the best quality of fine bone china products. The parameters obtained will be the guidelines for the overall test to produce the best hollow fine bone china products.

Economic measures to stimulate production of biodegradable disposable tablewar

The article discusses the problem of plastic environmental pollution and promising ways to solve it. One of such ways is to reduce the volume of the production of disposable plastic tableware with the subsequent transition to the use of biodegradable samples. Based on the analysis of the technological chain of disposable tableware production in Russia, a set of measures has been proposed to support its participants in the transition to the production of its substitutes (paper and biodegradable tableware).

Surtout de table Pierre’a-Philippe’a Thomire’a w Pałacu Wilanowskim

The paper concerns the Empire centrepiece at the Wilanow palace, manufactured by Pierre-Phillipe Thomire. It is assumed that it was bought by count Stanislaw Kostka Potocki in Paris in 1808.There is no monograph about Pierre-Phillipe Thomire’s production of Empire tableware. This study concentrates on the Wilanow centrepiece, aiming to verify the previous knowledge on the subject and to establish what items constituted this surtout de table, what was its function and place in the Wilanow Palace. The significance of the Wilanow centrepiece was also explored in juxtaposition to the production of the Thomire, Duterme et Cie and other tableware of the period. The items forming the surtout de table were formally, stylistically and ichnographically analysed, taking the rules of the Empire style into consideration. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry examination of the set proved it was made of brass rather than bronze.The production of Pierre-Phillipe Thomire, a brazier as well as bronzesmith, was also presented in the article. The Wilanow centrepiece was compared with contemporary objects as well as other products of the Thomire, Duterme et Cie. Using the French, German, English and Russian scientific literature to confront the Wilanow surtout de table with the artistic achievements of the period, it was possible to evaluate its quality. Moreover, the presence of Thomire’s other products in Polish collections was established.Analysis of count Stanislaw Kostka Potocki’s public activity and interests allowed to explore his motivation for buying the products of Thomire’s workshop. The sources concerned with the acquiring of the centrepiece by the count and with its placement in the Wilanow palace provided new information about other possible sets of tableware which consisted of objects now erroneously thought as being a part of just one surtout de table.

Melamine migration measurement through spectrophotometry device and the effect of time and tableware type on it.

Melamine is an organic-based chemical material widely used in the production of tableware. Given the adverse effects of melamine on human health, melamine tableware can be a source for its introduction into the human body. The aim of this study was to use a simple method for monitoring the rate of melamine migration from the tableware to food and the effect of time and tableware on this migration. To measure the migration, spectrophotometry was used. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.2 (μg/ml), which is functional for measuring the rate of migration. The investigation of sample migration of melamine tableware revealed that migration has occurred across all samples. The rate of migration in all samples was less than the standard level of the European Union (30 μg/ml). Statistical analysis indicated that time is an important factor in melamine migration, which significantly increased (p<0.05) in 93% of cases with lengthening the contact time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The type of tableware (new or old) and production conditions (standard or non-standard) were found to significantly affect (p<0.001) the rate of migration. Statistical analysis of the results suggested that old tableware increased melamine migration in 41% of cases (p<0.05). Non-standard tableware significantly (p<0.001) increased the rate of migration and thus the effect of non-standard production on melamine tableware was more significant than the age of the tableware.

Investigation of deposit problem during sugarcane bagasse pulp molded tableware production

Abstract Formation of brown deposit is quite a common problem in hot pressing stage of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production, especially using bleached sugarcane bagasse pulp as raw material which blocks the pipes, corrodes and damages the equipment, increases the cleaning frequency and correspondingly increases the costs as well as reduces the quality of the products. In this work, the composition of the deposit was analyzed, and the effects of fines to the drainage and drying process of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production was studied by thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the cause of this problem. It was found that high contents of fines containing waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent was the main cause of this problem. Compared to the pulps without fines, pulp composed of 100% fines had lower absolute value of zeta-potential and higher adsorption ability of waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent. Besides, fines could increase the water retention capacity and prolong drainage time of pulp, which would result in higher drying intensity and generated strong vapor during drying. During hot pressing process of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production, the strong vapor could bring the small and light fines containing waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent into the air vents and the deposit was formed. The finding of this work would give supports for cleaner production of cellulosic pulp molded tableware by understanding the mechanisms of deposit formation which would be helpful to reduce the deposit problem to some extent.

Effects of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass and Borax Decahydrate as Alternative Fluxing Agents on the Stoneware Physico-Mechanical Properties

Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldspar. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of two alternative fluxing agents namely; soda-lime-silica glass (SLS), and borax decahydrate (BD) on characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of stoneware to demonstrate its suitability for tableware production. SLS and BD are incorporated into stoneware at the dosage of 5 %, and 10 % by weight, respectively. The sample was performed by uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) sintered at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150°C (2 hours soaking time) to establish minimum sintering temperature. Bulk density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each sample. Characterization of XRF, XRD, and SEM was carried out and discussed. Results indicated SLS, BD showed higher physico-mechanical properties and vitrified at 1050-1100°C, lower than normal temperature applied for stoneware (1150°C). Consequently, it was determined that the usage of SLS and BD as fluxing agent in stoneware is possible.

Study on Performance of Bio-based Adhesive for Bonding Tree Leaves

The traditional disposable foam plastic tableware is made from polymer materials. It is not decomposable and could bring serious problem to environment after the tableware is disposed. In order to solve this problem, a new type of green tableware made fromnatural materials (such as tree leaves) is developed and investigated. To obtain a green tableware product with good performance, the keytechnology is the bonding of tree leaves. In this study, the tree leaves were bonded by a type of bio-based adhesive synthesized in our lab. The structure, curing characteristics, and physical/mechanical properties of the adhesive were measured and analyzed. The effects of adhesive application rate, press time, and press temperature on the bonding performance of tree leaves were also investigated. The results showed that the general properties of the bio-based adhesive could meet the requirements for the production of tree leave tableware. After immerged in the water of 63°C for 3 hours, some of the bonded leaves could still have good bonds. Considering the production efficiency, cost, decorative effect, and bond performance, the optimal pressing parameters were: adhesive application rate: 100 g/m²; hot press temperature 70°C; hot press time 120 s. After bonded by bio-based adhesive, the tree leaves could be used as suitableraw materials for the production of green tableware.

Тренди фастфуду у першій чверті ХХІ ст.: споживацькі запити "міленіалів" та їстівний посуд

The legislative ban on a certain list of plastic products in EU countries has given impetus to greening disposable tableware in the conditions of its growing demand. The article presents the results of market research and identification of plastic tableware major consumers in Ukraine. The urgency of the problem of volumes of use of disposable plastic tableware by the enterprises of consumer cooperation of Ukraine is investigated. The observed trends in Ukrainian disposable tableware market in 2017-2019 are presented. Millennials consumer demands in the USA and EU are characterized on the basis of Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI). The concept of fast and street is separated. It is determined that the concept of fast as a food for the poor is an outdated stereotype. The hypothesis about the dynamic growth of restaurants in the fast niche and changes in the content of fast in response to consumer requests of millennials have been proved. It is substantiated that changing the content of fast towards greening causes a change in attitude towards disposable tableware: from plastic to organic, edible. The main trends in the production of organic tableware in the world and in Ukraine in the period from 2009 till 2019 are outlined. The results of pilot empirical studies on the use of plastic tableware at the restaurants of consumer cooperation of Khmelnytsky region are presented. The students' priorities and arguments regarding the choice of restaurant facilities were investigated, and the level of youth awareness of the safety and benefits of organic tableware was evaluated. The level of Khmelnytskyi Cooperative Trade and Economic Institute students loyalty as fast consumers, regarding the additional expenditures for environmentally friendly tableware, is determined.

Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of an institutional catering service: An Italian case study

Food production is recognised as one of the major drivers for global environmental pressure. In the last years, changes in consumption models result in an increasing population consuming food out of home that pose the catering service sector at the centre of the European Union policies aimed at improving the environmental sustainability of the food sector. In this framework, better technical knowledge on the environmental impacts of catering service is essential in order to identify potential actions towards a more sustainable food sector. This article presents an environmental assessment of a school catering service operating in Italy and delivering approximately 2,518,128 meals per year. Starting from primary data on the amount of each food consumed in the catering service examined, we perform an environmental analysis of an equivalent meal ready to be consumed in the schools canteens by using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology consistent with ISO 14040 standard. The system boundaries include food and tableware production, food transport, food storage and cooking and waste treatment. Due to a lack of primary data tableware production, food storage, cooking and waste treatment are modelled using literature data or models.The results of the analysis show that the food production phase is relevant to almost all assessed impact categories (contribution higher than 65%). The exception is represented by photochemical oxidation impact categories in which the larger impact is linked to the transportation phase. The environmental impacts associated to the tableware production, food storage and cooking are relevant to global warming and global energy requirement (contributions higher than 7%).The scenario analysis of potential actions aimed at reducing the environmental impacts of the catering service shows that, to obtain a more sustainable food sector, strategies must be implemented along the entire food supply chain and considering a wide range of environmental impact categories.

GHG emission projection and mitigation potential for ceramic tableware industry in Thailand

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the global ceramic production is estimated at more than 400 Mt CO2/year, which have increased steadily from economic growth. Among ceramic industries, ceramic tableware industry (CTI) is a highly energy-intensive and high GHG emissions industry. Thailand was the fourth highest ranking ceramic tableware exporting country in the world. However, information on GHG emission from this industry was limited. This research aimed to investigate the carbon dioxide(CO2) intensity of CTI in Thailand and the annual projections of GHG emission during 2017–2050 with different GDP growths. Then, the energy saving potentials and GHG mitigation measures with their GHG abatement cost for small and large-scale CTI were proposed. The results indicated that the average CO2 intensity of Thailand CTI was 1.75 kg CO2e/kg of product. The projections for GHG emissions of ceramic tableware production with gross domestic production (GDP) growth rates of 1.5, 3.5 (BAU), and 5.5%, reached their maximum emissions at 220,500 t CO2 in 2029, 2022, and 2020, respectively. Under a BAU scenario, ceramic tableware production in 2022 would emit GHG at a rate approximately 1.37 times greater compared to the emissions in 2016. The maximum GHG reduction (100% implementation) was 48,902 t CO2e, accounting for 22% of GHG emissions in 2030. The average mitigation cost was 6.64 USD/t CO2e reduction. This study provided a guideline for the assessment of CO2 intensity and the technical information for long-term GHG emission projection in CTI which could be applied in worldwide.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of acetyl tributyl citrate for migration testing of food contact materials

Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) is a potential replacement for phthalate plasticizers. It is widely used in various plastic products, particularly those that come into contact with food. The aim of this study is to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for migration testing of ATBC on plastic products intended for contact with food. The migration testing samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. A C18 column was used for chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis was performed in the positive ion detection mode using selected reaction monitoring (SRM); the SRM transitions were m/z 403.5→m/z 185.2 for ATBC and m/z 361.4→m/z 259.2 for tributyl citrate (internal standard). The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The developed method was successfully applied to ATBC migration testing on 20 plastic tableware products with various food and saliva simulants.

Sprawczość w fabryce porcelany

Ethnography of a porcelain factory is one of the main components of a research project called “People from the porcelain factory”. The project is carried out in the porcelain factory in Ćmielów, Poland, owned by PolskieFabrykiPorcelany “Ćmielów” i “Chodzież” S.A. The project consists of anthropological research (design anthropology and workplace anthropology) and an artistic intervention in the field. The intervention entails manufacturing Human Trace tableware set and exhibiting it both in the factory and outside, to the audience interested in design. The fieldwork in the factory allowed the author to interact with various actors of manufacturing process – both in a more observational mode of ethnography and a more participatory one during the tableware production. Witnessing the process of material transformation of raw material into a porcelain vessel was also fascinating. The article points at the role of different modes of knowing and various skills necessary for porcelain ware production and focuses on evaluation of different ways of knowing, skills and cognition.

Specific energy consumption and carbon intensity of ceramic tablewares: Small enterprises (SEs) in Thailand

Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from ceramic tableware production in Thailand were evaluated. Activity data regarding ceramic tableware manufacture were collected from 13 small-scale ceramic tableware plants within the boundaries of gate-to-gate. The functional unit of analysis was 1 kg of ceramic tableware product. The GHG emission of ceramic tableware production per unit of kgCO2e/kg was calculated following the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Emission factors were taken from the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) and IPCC databases. The SPSS independent sample t-test (IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0) was used as a statistical inferential method for comparison of energy consumption. Results showed that the energy consumptions of ceramic tableware were mainly from liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) as 19,363 MJ/tonne during the firing process (99%), followed by electricity at 243 MJ/tonne (1%) during the forming process. The average specific energy consumption (SEC) for small-scale ceramic tableware production in Thailand was 19.6 ± 4.7 GJ/tonne of product. The SPSS independent sample t-test revealed that the energy consumption in double firing plants was 10% significantly higher than single firing plants. Comparison between specific LPG consumptions and kiln loading capacities of single firing plants indicated a linear relationship, and kiln loading capacity significantly influenced the amount of specific LPG consumed. An increase in kiln loading capacity decreased specific LPG consumption. Every one kg product/m3 loading increase gave a reduction of 0.67 kg LPG/kg product. The average carbon intensity of small-scale ceramic tableware production in Thailand was 1.241 ± 0.295 kgCO2e/kg of product. The largest GHG emission was from LPG consumption during the firing process (98%), followed by electricity consumptions (1%), and decomposition of calcium and barium carbonates (1%). The average GHG emissions of double fired and single fired products were 1.340 and 1.211 kgCO2e/kg of product, respectively. Therefore, LPG consumption during the firing process was identified as the main hotspot for energy consumption and GHG emission. Increasing kiln loading capacity, reducing kiln heat leakage, and repairing ceramic insulators were recommended as good practices for energy saving which can potentially be applied to the existing small-scale ceramic tableware plants.

Preparation of High-temperature Silicone Rubber Mold and its Application in Food Industry

This study aims to aid and use a new kind of multi-functional control agent by synthesis, preparation good adhesive properties and resistance to yellowing performance. Volatile low, health indicators to meet EU hygiene standards in food contact materials food grade high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, expand the scope of application of silicone rubber. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) is a new type of silicone rubber products, which is developing rapidly in recent years. In addition to holding a number of typical silicone rubber inherent advantages, LSR also has manufacturing simple process, high production efficiency, excellent overall performance, low cost, energy-saving and other features. LSR is mainly used pacifiers, bottles and other daily necessities production. Safe non-toxic silicone rubber has excellent chemical inertness, high level of hygiene, nitrosamine and other harmful substances, making it the first choice for baby supplies. In addition, the use of its good permeability characteristics can also be made of fruits and vegetables fresh atmosphere film. Tableware products in the industry, silicone rubber tableware products was a new kitchen utensils, with soft, does not damage the non-stick coating. Silicone rubber cutlery most common is silicone rubber nylon composite type tableware.