T-test Formula Research Articles

Teaching Vocabulary Using Semantic Mapping Technique

The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of Semantic Mapping technique in teaching vocabulary. Therefore, the hypothesis in this research is the student who are taught by Semantic Mapping technique achieve better than before. The design used in this research is the Pre-Experiment Design. It also has several forms such as a One-Shot Case Research, One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, One-Group Pretest and Posttest Design also Intact-Group Comparison. One-group pretest and posttest for this research, it means there will be a pretest before giving treatment to the sample and posttest after ending the treatment. In collecting data, Pre-test and Post-test are employed. The tests are multiple choices and complete the sentences. It consists of twenty questions. The right answer will be get 1 point and for the wrong answer is zero (0). The result of this research in pretest that the highest score was 16, the lower score was 9, the median was 13,00, the mode was 14 mean was 12,90, standard deviation was 1,863, range was 7 and total score of pre-test is 387. The posttest was the highest score was 20, the lower score was 14, the median was 17,00, the mode was 16 mean was 17,07, standard deviation was 1,388, range was 6 and total score of post-test is 512. The conclusion is drawn by analyzing the average scores of pretest and posttest by using t-test formula; Sig value is 0,000 < 0,05 it means that alternative hypothesis (HA) is accepted.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA KELAS IV GUGUS 1 KECAMATAN WAWO

This study aims to determine the effect of the CTL learning model assisted by the Bima folklore on the speaking skills of the fourth grade students at Cluster 1 of Wawo District. The results of this study are expected to be theoretically and practically useful. This study was an experimental research with a quasi experimental design type nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study was all fourth grade students of Elementary School at cluster I of Wawo District academic year 2020/2021 with 86 students in total, consisting of SDN 2 Maria, SDN Inpres Ntori, SDN 3 Maria, and SDN Inpres Kombo. The sampling technique of this research was cluster random sampling type of probability sampling with grade 4 of SDN 3 Maria and SDN Inpres Kombo students as the sample. The data collection method in this study was a test of students' speaking skill used an assessment rubric (pretest-posttest). Data analysis was carried out by using the normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test used the polled variance of t-test formula. Hypothesis test at 5% significant level produced tcount = 4.80 while ttable = 1.687, in other words tcount> ttable. Based on the test criteria, if t_count> t_table, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the CTL learning model assisted with the Bima folklore on the speaking skills of the fourth grade students at cluster I Wawo District in the academic year 2020/2021. Thus it can be stated that the learning model of Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) with the help of the Bima folklore can be applied in grade IV elementary school students to improve speaking skills.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on the Knowledge Regarding Management of Pre-Eclampsia among Antenatal Mothers

Background of the Study: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder with an unknown aetiology that appears as hypertension of 140/90 mm hg or higher with proteinuria after the 20th week in a previously normotensive and non-proteinuric woman. Pre-eclampsia is unique among hypertension illnesses in terms of the effects it has on maternal and newborn health. It is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity around the world.
 Objectives of the Study: 1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. 3. To find out the association between knowledge score with selected Demographic variables.
 Materials and Methods: 100 samples were taken from selected Hospital Wardha by Non probability sampling technique. Research design descriptive survey was used. Statistical compare ANOVA and t-test formula used.
 Results: In pre test Antenatal mothers have 65% fair knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia , and mean knowledge score was 2.02%. In post-test of Antenatal mothers have 52% Excellent knowledge and mean knowledge score was 0.97 % regarding management of pre-eclampsia.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that In Pre – test level of knowledge score fair was 65 % and mean knowledge score was 2.02 % And In Post - test level of knowledge score excellent was 52 % andmean knowledge score was 0.97 %. Study conclude that their is lack of knowledge of Pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. After the completion of the study it is revealed that the planned teaching program was effective in gaining the knowledge regarding management of pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. It can improve their health status and prevent from sideeffect.

The Effectiveness of Using Picture Word Inductive Model Strategy in Developing EFL Iraqi students’ Vocabulary Retention

<p style="text-align:justify">Vocabularies represent the basic elements of any language, thus, if there wasn’t sufficient control in using them then the result would be a difficulty in vocabulary retention when needed. The Picture Word Inductive Model Strategy (PWIM) than traditional methods. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of using (PWIM) Strategy in developing EFL Iraqi students' vocabulary retention. The study is conducted by using an achievement test to check the study sample. The researcher has selected a sample of (65) students in third stage in English Department in the Colleges of Education at Missan University in the Academic Year (2021-2022). The students are divided into two groups, the first group is the experimental group and the second group is the control group. In order to find out whether there are any statistically significant differences among the two groups’ achievement, the researcher applied the T-test formula for the two samples in an independent way. Based on the outcome of the study, there are statistically remarkable differences appeared in the results from the two groups. Accordingly, the study proves that using (PWIM) can increase the vocabulary retention of the students.</p>

The Effect of Group Guidance with Sociodrama Techniques on Social Interaction

This study aims to find out the Influence of Group Guidance With Sosiodrama Techniques on Social Interaction in Semester II Students of Undiksha Counseling Guidance Study Program. This research is a quantitative research analyzed using the T-test formula. The sample of this study was 60 students. Based on the results of the analysis obtained there is a significant influence of group guidance with sociodrama techniques on social interaction in students of semester II Of Counseling Guidance Study Program Undiksha. As well as the influence of group guidance with sociodrama techniques on social interaction in students of semester II Of Counseling Guidance Study Program Undiksha is 21.8% that is included in the low influence.

The Effectiveness of Scaffolding Model in Teaching Reading at Senior High Schools

This research is aimed at identifying the students’ ability in reading by using scaffolding teaching model. This is an experimental research that was carried out at senior high school. There were three senior high schools in Padang that became the location of the research, namely SMAN 1, SMAN 7 and SMAN 8 Padang. The population for this research consisted of the students studying at grade X at the three schools respectively. Meanwhile, the sample was taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The whole number of sample was 192 students, namely, 64 students studying at each school. The research instrument used in this research was reading test consisting of 30 items. After carrying the research for about three months the researcher found the result as follows. The findings of the research indicated that the students’ reading achievement taught by scaffolding model was better than those who were taught by conventional model. To prove it, the researcher used t-test formula. The result showed that scaffolding model gave significant effect towards the students reading ability compared to the conventional one.

STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY BEFORE AND AFTER TAUGHT USING TALKING STICK STRATEGY

This exploration was expected to uncover that: to discover the understudies' vocabulary dominance previously, after educate through talking stick strategy, additionally the huge distinctive the understudies' vocabulary authority at the long term understudies of SMP Negeri 5 Pinrang. This examination utilized semi test strategy, with two gathering pre-test and post-test plan. The general population was the drawn out understudies of SMP Negeri 5 Pinrang. The example is picking by random sampling technic. Where, the specialist accept one class as trial class and one class as control class. The outcome of the data assessment showed that the understudies' jargon predominance improved through and through when given treatment. It was showed up by the mean score of the pre-test was (67.96) and the post-test was (78.70). It showed that talking stick strategy can improve the jargon authority of the drawn out understudies of SMP Negeri 5 Pinrang out and out. Resulting to inspecting the data by using t-test formula, the eventual outcome of t-test regard (4.58) and t-table (2.021), Those showed that H1 was recognized and H0 was excused.

The Influence of the Application of Audio Visual Learning Media in Increasing the Religious and Moral Value of Children Aged 5-6 Years in Adabiah Kindergarten, Padang City

The research was motivated by the low development of religious and moral values (NAM) of children aged 5-6 years at Adabiah Kindergarten in Padang City. Judging from the development of NAM many children who have not been able to know religion and religious holidays. The research aims to determine the Effect of The Application of Audio Visual Learning Media in Improving NAM Children Aged 5-6 Years. This type of research is quasai experimental desaign. Population of all children Aged 5-6 years, selected samples of grades B1 and B2. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling techniques, using the t-test formula. Analysis of normal and homogeneous distributed data, then conducted hypothetical tests with t-test showed obtained . thitung >ttabel (2,301 > 2,048), then Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. Conclusion "there is an influence on the application of audio visual learning media in improving nam children aged 5-6 years in Adabiah Padang Kindergarten.
 Keywords : Audio visual media; Religious and moral values; experiment.

Contribution of Interest in Learning and Learning Environment to Learning Outcomes of Training Participants at the Job Training Center (BLK) Padang City

Learning outcomes are the acquisition of learning carried out during the training and their competence tested at the end of the training period. Training with interests will get more results than no individual interests. The learning environment becomes important during the teaching and learning process for participants who take part in the training at the Job Training Center. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the Contribution of Learning Interest and Learning Environment to the Learning Outcomes of Training Participants at the Job Training Center (BLK) Padang City. The type of research used is quantitative research while the method is associative. The population is BLK Padang training participants for the period 1 of 2021 in 18 vocational schools totaling 288 participants with a sample of 74 people. Data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires with data collection tools in the form of questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique is percentage, then continued with categorization through the respondent's achievement level formula and hypothesis testing using the t-test formula. The results of the analysis of interest in learning obtained the value of tcount > ttable, namely 8,613 > 1,987 with a significant result of 0.000 < 0.05, this illustrates that there is a significant influence between interest in learning and learning outcomes. Then the learning environment is obtained from the value of tcount > ttable, namely -6.384 < 1.987 with a significant result of 0.000 < 0.05, this illustrates that there is a significant influence between the learning environment on learning outcomes. By using a one-way test so that the results are Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. This proves simultaneously (together) interest in learning and the learning environment has a significant influence on learning outcomes.

PENGARUH MEDIA APLIKASI PAKET TRACER MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN ADMNISTRASI INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN SISWA KELAS XI TKJ DI SMKN 2 BANGKALAN

One of the formal educational institutions is SMK Negeri 2 Bangkalan, which has a field of expertise in Computer Network Engineering, where graduates are expected to be able to compete in the business world, especially in the field of Computer Network Engineering. One of the productive subjects that support the achievement of skilled and creative quality graduates is Network Infrastructure Administration. In this subject, students are expected to be able to apply and practice their knowledge in the field of Computer Network Engineering. For this reason, students must really master network design and modeling, one of which is mastering the subject of Network Infrastructure Administration. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with experimental techniques on a population and research sample of 54 students. research data collection using questionnaires and tests that have gone through the stages of testing the validity and reliability. Analysis of research data using statistical methods with the formula t-test one sample and multiple correlations. Based on this analysis, the conclusions of the study are described, among others: 1) the learning motivation of Class XI TKJ students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 2) the implementation of problem based learning learning models in Class XI TKJ at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 3) Utilization of Package Application Media Tracer in Class XI TKJ at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 4) there is a significant influence between the utilization of the Tracer Package Application Media through the Problem Based Learning Learning Model and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Class XI TKJ students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan

The Effect of Critical Reading Strategy on Students’ Reading Ability in Comprehending Expository Text

This research is aimed at finding out the effect of critical reading strategy on student's reading ability in comprehending expository text of the second grade students of MAN 1 (MODEL) Lubuklinggau in the academic year 2019/2020. This research used quantitative research with quasi experimental design. The total population of students at the second grade was 312 students of MAN 1 (MODEL) Lubuklinggau in the academic year 2019/2020. The research chose two classes as the samples of the research. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The second grade students of XI MIPA 2 was experimental class who were taught using Critical Reading Strategy and the second grade students of XI MIPA 1 was control class who were taught by the teacher. The data were collected by using test. The data were analyzed by using T-test formula. The mean score in experimental class was 79.90 while the mean score of control class was 72.31. The mean different between them was 7.59. The result of t-test showed that the value of t-count (3.970) was higher than t-table (2.024) in df 38 (0.05). Therefore, the alternative Hypothesis (Ha) was accepted while the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. Based on the result above, the research finding was Critical Reading Strategy was effective on students’ reading ability in comprehending expository text for the second grade students of MAN 1 (MODEL) Lubuklinggau in academic year of 2019/2020.

Increasing Students' Ability In Writing Procedure Text Through Learning Model Pictures And Pictures

This study investigated increasing students' ability to write procedure text through learning model pictures and pictures in ninth grade at SMPN 4 Takengon. The study used the quantitative method with experimental design. To collect the data, the writer uses the test (pre-test and post-test). The population in this research is all students of the ninth grade in SMPN 4 Takengon, which consists of 196 students. The writer uses purposive sampling to take the sample in this research. A first group is an experimental group, which amounts to 37 students, and the second group is the control group which amounts to 37 students. The writer uses the t-test formula to analyze data in this research. The result of tscore is 5,71. Compared with the ttable, the tscore is higher, i.e., 5,71, than ttable is 1,99. It can be concluded that learning model pictures and pictures can increase students' ability in writing procedure text. The writer suggests that students try to write in English as habitual because it can help add more vocabulary and make the students have good writing.

Does Kahoot Challenge Mode Motivate Students’ Better Than Google Form in Doing Online Homework?

Kahoot and Google Form, such as E-learning application commonly used in conducting online quizzes. This study is aimed to prove out whether the students’ implemented Kahoot Challenge Mode have better motivation than students implemented Google Form for their autonomous homework. The research design of this research is quantitative research method, and the approach is quasi-experimental. The sample is the second semester of English Language Education Department at STKIP PGRI Trenggalek. The researcher uses questionnaires to gain detail information about the students' perception of the implementation of Kahoot Challenge Mode and Google Form toward their motivation in their autonomous homework. The researcher uses the independent sample t-test formula to calculate the test result. After obtained the result, the researcher concluded that there is an effect on students’ motivational learning by using Google Form. The interpretation of this research was a positive influence on the motivation of English Language education students' studying program through Google Form but not with Kahoot Challenge Mode. So, the conclusion is that students who do independent assignments through Kahoot Challenge Mode do not have better motivation than students who do independent assignments using Google Form.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN MEDIA ONLINE BERBASIS GOOGLE CLASSROOM PADA POKOK BAHASAN GELOMBANG TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMA N 2 TONDANO

Learning is the most important activity in the entire educational process in school. The outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has had a major impact on all existing areas; teaching and learning processes are also carried out at home online or online via Google in the education sector. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of online learning with Google-based online media classroom waves on the physical learning outcomes of SMA Negeri 2 Tondano students This research method is an experimental method. The research data are based on the post-test results. The average physics learning outcomes of the experimental class students was 82 with a maximum score of 90 and a minimum score of 70. While the average physics learning outcomes for the control class students was 62 with a maximum score of 80 and a minimum score of 50, normality test of the data showed that the experimental class data and the control class are normally distributed, then the hypothesis is tested. Data on student learning outcomes from the post-test. The results of the investigation by calculating the t-test formula show that the H_O hypothesis is rejected. From this it can be concluded that the average learning outcomes of the experimental physics class are higher than those of the control classes.

The Effect of Mind Mapping Techniques on Writing Text Descriptions for Grade 7 Junior High School Students

Teaching subject of English is a compulsory. English as a subject in school immediately improved all four of the abilities. The four abilities are: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of students of 7th Grade in SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo, especially at 7 E Class, who cannot reach minimum passing grade (KKM) caused by some lack in English lesson, specifically in writing ability of Descriptive text. Common obstacles students are facing are for example: Students cannot create their writing concept of descriptive about people, thing, places, and animals. This study attempted to answer the following research question (1) is there any significant effect of mind mapping technique on students’ writing of descriptive text at seventh grade of SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. In carrying this research, the researcher formulated the objectives of the study as follows: To find out the effect of mind mapping technique on students’ writing of descriptive text at 7th grade of SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. Research method: The research design is pre-experimental research with quantitative approach, The population of this research were all students of 7E SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo, The sample was seventh E class consisting of 32 students, The research instrument used in this research was test and the data collected through test was analyzed using T-test formula. The result showed that different of mean score of students’ writing before being taught using mind mapping technique was 57. Meanwhile, the mean score of students’ writing after being taught using mind mapping technique was 86,59. The finding showed that the mind mapping technique was effective to use in teaching writing descriptive text for it could improve students’ writing ability. This research has benefit in English Education study, especially for further research to enrich the resource

A Comparative Study on the Behavior of Adolescents Raised by Normal Families and Broken Home Families in Keboan Anom Village, Gedangan, Sidoarjo

The purpose of this study is (1) to find out the behavior of adolescents who are raised by normal families. (2) knowing the behavior of teenagers who are raised by broken home families and (3) knowing the comparison or differences in the behavior of teenagers who are raised by normal families and broken home families. The research method used a mixed method research or a combination of quantitative and qualitative with a population of 150 teenagers living in RW.03, RW.05 and RW.06 and obtained a sample of 60 teenagers to study. Then the data analysis technique used in the study used the independent sample t-test formula. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the research are as follows: (1) the behavior of adolescents who are cared for by normal families using an average analysis technique that has been through validity and reliability tests gets a score of 3.95 which is in the interval of 3.67 – 5.00 which means that the behavior of adolescents is quite good. (2) and the behavior of adolescents who are cared for by broken home families using an average analysis technique that has been through validity and reliability tests obtains a score of 2.72 which is in the interval 2.34 - 3.66, which means that adolescent behavior is classified as poor. . (3) based on the independent sample t-test test output in the equal variances assumed section, it is known that the value of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05.

Pengaruh Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) Terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the cooperative learning model of the Team Achievement Division (STAD) type on the activities and science learning outcomes of Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanjungbumi. The quantitative approach was used with a quasi-experimental technique where the control group was not chosen at random. The instruments in this study were questionnaires, observation sheets, and tests. This study uses data analysis with the t-test formula. Based on the analysis of the data, it was concluded that there was an effect of the cooperative learning model of the Team Achievement Division (STAD) type on the activities and learning outcomes of Science Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanjungbumi.

Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Demonstrasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the demonstration learning method on the learning outcomes of class X students in fiqh subjects at Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatullah Mataram in the 2020/2021 academic year. This research is a quantitative research using a two-group post test design type of experiment. The data collection technique in this study used the test as the main method with observation and documentation as a complementary method using the t-test formula. The population in this study amounted to 55 students. The sampling technique used in this research is random sampling with a total of 55 students. In accordance with the results obtained, the t-count is smaller than the t-table value (1.714 < 2.101) which means Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected which reads: there is no effect of demonstration learning methods on the learning outcomes of class X students in fiqh subjects in Madrasahs Aliyah Hidayatullah Mataram, which is due to the limited time of class hours and there are still many students who do not concentrate and pay less attention to the teaching and learning process in the classroom.

The Effect Of Transition Action Details (TAD) Strategy Toward Students’ Writing Ability Of Recount Text At Senior High School 6 Pariaman

The purpose of this research was to find out the Effect of Transition Action Details strategy toward Students’ writing ability of recount text to the first Grade at SMAN 6 Pariaman. The kind of This researches in the form of experiment, especially pretest and posttest control group design. The research population was all students in class X IPS SMAN 6 Pariaman school year 2018/2019 that consist of 100 students. The samples were X IPS1 class as the experimental class that consist of 25 students and X IPS2 class as the control class that consist of 25 students. This research used cluster random sampling technique.Experimental class was taught by using transition action details, and control class was taught by using conventional strategy. The instrument of collecting the data that used by the researcher was writing test. The technique of analyzing data was the hypothesis test was t-test formula, which was used test the difference in mean and standard deviation of the two samples.Based on the analysis of data obtained, tcalculate=3,33 and ttable=1.67 .Because tcalculate (3,33) > ttable (1.67), then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, it can be concluded that the application of Transition Action Details strategy provides a significant effect on students’ writing ability of class X rather than conventional strategy at SMAN 6 Pariaman.
 Key words: transition action details, wrriting, recount text

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INVESTIGASI KELOMPOK BERBASIS GAYA BELAJAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KERJASAMA DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 PULAU PINANG

The main purpose of this research is to describe and interpret the application and effectiveness of group investigation learning method based on learning styles to improve collaboration and learning achievement of English students in eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Pulau Pinang. The method used in this research is mixed method. The type of mixed research method used is sequential exploratory. This type is most appropriate in classroom action research because in testing hypotheses with quasi-group experiment not conducted randomly, but paired, but there is one controlled variable that is the initial ability of students to be the same (tested the average pretest of the experimental and control classes with the test –T). In this research, the first step will be filled with qualitative data collection and analysis, then collecting and analyzing quantitative data. The techniques used in Classroom Action Research to collect data include observation, tests, and questionnaires. Based on the results of data analysis, the category of cooperation for cycle I was lacking, cycles II and III were good. The average post test score per cycle has increased. The results of the t-test formula calculation for quasi-experiments show that there are significant differences between the grades of students in the experimental class and in the control class. The results of this study indicate that the learning method of group investigation based on learning styles is effective in increasing cooperation and learning achievement of English students in eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Pinang in 2019 - 2020 school year.