Timeliness of children's vaccinations in 91 low-income and middle-income countries: an analysis of survey data.

The Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guideline on the management of blunt thoracic aortic injury: Focused update.

Chinese recommendations for the diagnosis and management of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

Combining phenotypic and SSR markers to characterize genetic diversity, develop a core collection, and identify elite accessions in Nekemias grossedentata.

Wood use strategies and settlement intensity of the earliest Neolithic populations on the eastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from Konglongcun site

Multi-organ toxicity induced by subacute inhalation exposure to rotenone in mice.

Self-assembled prodrug nanoassemblies integrate drug, response, and modification modules. Incorporating modification modules offers a strategy to balance efficacy-toxicity in cancer nanomedicine, yet how topology governs their structure-function relationship remains elusive. Here, we report a topological prodrug nanoassembly platform by conjugating docetaxel with fatty acid-based modification modules with linear, branched, or cyclic structure. This platform provides the systematic evidence that (i) topology dictates assembly mechanisms by modulating hydrophobic interactions and local energetic environments, as revealed through quantum chemical and multiscale analyses; and (ii) topology regulates bioactivity and toxicity in vitro/vivo, revealing a clear relationship of efficacy and safety. Nanoassemblies with linear modules excelled in key functional metrics, including assembly kinetics, release, and antitumor efficacy. Cyclic nanoassemblies maximized safety despite reduced potency, and branched nanoassemblies showed intermediate performance. By encoding performance into molecular topology, this work advances a key design parameter for prodrug-based cancer nanotherapeutics.

This study investigates shared molecular mechanisms between pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and systematically evaluates the therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors targeting this pathway. Despite the clear clinical comorbidity, the core inflammatory pathways driving cross-tissue associations between the two diseases remain unclear. Furthermore, systematic mechanistic evidence is lacking regarding whether JAK inhibitors act by regulating shared pathological pathways in patients with comorbidities. To address this, this study integrated PG skin and IBD intestinal transcriptome data, single-cell transcriptomic data, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-data from public databases. It employed a multi-level computational biology approach combining Mendelian randomization, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, protein interaction network construction, molecular docking simulations, and system dynamics modeling. The results revealed that genetic analysis confirmed IBD as a causal risk factor for PG, precisely identifying six shared genetic loci. Transcriptomic analysis identified a cross-tissue conserved inflammatory module centered on the JAK-STAT pathway, with JAK2 and STAT3 identified as network hubs. Molecular docking predicted high affinity of baricitinib for both JAK1 and JAK2, while system dynamics modeling demonstrated that its intervention effectively suppresses signaling in the shared inflammatory network. This study reveals the molecular basis of the “gut–skin axis” comorbidity between PG and IBD from a multi-omics integration perspective. It provides predictive computational evidence for the use of JAK inhibitors in targeted comorbidity therapy. Baricitinib is identified as a particularly promising candidate. These findings advance the transition from empirical drug use to mechanism-guided precision treatment strategies. Although this study provides multiscale computational simulation evidence, the lack of direct experimental validation of these predicted results necessitates further confirmation through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Introduction COVID-19 disrupted healthcare systems globally, particularly challenging maternity services which continued to be operated as an essential service. Reconfigurations were implemented to continue providing care in a safe manner and in line with infection control restrictions. This systematic review of women's experiences of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income countries (HICs), aimed to synthesize published literature and inform future responses to global disasters. Material and methods Electronic database of Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL PsychINFO, and the Cochrane COVID Study Register, were searched from June 2021- June 2024 to identify eligible records. Thematic synthesis was used to synthesise the data. Results 79 studies were included with data from over 20,000 perinatal women, most were of moderate to high methodological quality. Data synthesis showed 11 themes across five main concepts related to maternity service reconfigurations, namely: (1) Care-seeking and care experience, (2) Virtual care, (3) Self-monitoring, (4) Vaccination, and (5) Ethical future of maternity care. Conclusions Women predominantly viewed changes to maternity care negatively. Future strategies to ensure safeguarding of mothers and infants during crises should include enhancing service accessibility, emphasizing women-centered care, and prioritizing support systems for mothers and infants. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022355948 , identifier: CRD42022355948.

Metabolic module exchange in plant-endophyte coevolution: mechanisms and implications.

High-value competition horses represent significant financial investments, making proper documentation and assessment of injuries particularly important in insurance claim cases. This review paper examines the pathological manifestations, forensic investigation methods and protective measures relevant to these situations. The review paper explores common pathological conditions affecting performance horses, diagnostic approaches for disease progression and forensic veterinary analysis techniques for characterising injury patterns. The distinction between accidental trauma and non-accidental injuries is examined through tissue damage patterns and the relationship between injuries and reported incidents. Emphasis is placed on systematic pathological examination methods, evidence collection and documentation processes used for insurance and legal contexts. Special attention is given to soring practices and their diagnostic indicators. Soring involves the intentional infliction of pain to a horse's legs or hooves in order to force the horse to perform an artificial, exaggerated gait. Understanding injury types and their postmortem characteristics helps veterinarians working with insurance companies and legal authorities provide accurate assessments. This supports animal welfare protection and objective evaluation in these cases.

Bone health in highly trained female athletes is critical for performance and long-term wellbeing, yet systematic evidence regarding seasonal changes remains limited. The main objective of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: 420251230393) is to determine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) across the sport macrocycle in highly trained female athletes, encompassing both elite and collegiate (NCAA) populations. Six databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2025, with inclusion requiring female athletes, BMD/BMC measurements, and longitudinal assessment across a macrocycle. Fourteen studies involving 522 premenopausal athletes were included, with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements conducted approximately six months apart. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and indicated a predominantly good quality. Five studies reported no significant change in BMD/BMC, five demonstrated improvements, three reported mixed findings across sports or athlete subgroups, and one reported a significant decline. Only two studies attempted to account for all three primary confounders-menstrual cycle status, dietary intake, and physical activity monitoring-while seven reported no confounding variables. While bone health appears largely maintained across the sport macrocycle in highly trained premenopausal female athletes, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the inadequate confounder reporting, heterogeneous sport exposures, variability in skeletal sites measured, and inconsistent measurement timing. Future research must comprehensively assess these variables alongside sport-specific skeletal measurements to identify athletes at risk of bone health deterioration.

Communicating and regulating marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) Jan Bazyli Klakla, Christine Merk, Zeynep Clulow, Manfredi Marciante, Ginevra le Moli and Yelena Yermakova, discuss how the SEAO2-CDR project is evaluating people’s perceptions towards mCDR, and how they influence the emerging rules, safeguards and shared responsibilities. Public opposition, or just the lack of public acceptance, is often cited as a major barrier to the implementation of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) projects. It is especially relevant for marine (m)CDR activities given the protests sparked by recent projects(1). Moving beyond such high-profile controversies and individual case studies requires systematic evidence on how different publics and communities perceive emerging mCDR options.

Background Inflammation has been proposed as a biological pathway linking diet to mental health. Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean and DASH diets, may reduce systemic inflammation and thereby influence mental health outcomes. However, evidence across study designs has not been comprehensively synthesized. Objective This scoping review aimed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic evidence syntheses to summarize the effects of anti-inflammatory dietary interventions or patterns on mental health outcomes in adults. Methods Searches were conducted in scientific databases through February 2025. Eligible RCTs included adult participants receiving an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention with reported mental health outcomes. Eligible systematic evidence syntheses included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, scoping reviews, and umbrella reviews examining associations between anti-inflammatory diets and mental health. Article screening and review were conducted in duplicate, and data extraction followed standardized procedures appropriate for each study type. Results A total of 21,923 records were identified, of which 42 RCTs and 23 systematic evidence syntheses met the inclusion criteria. Of the 42 RCTs, 28 reported significantly greater improvements in at least one mental health outcome compared with controls following an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention. Most trials evaluated Mediterranean diet-based interventions. Across RCTs, improvements were most consistently observed for depressive symptoms, while findings for anxiety, mood, stress, and quality of life were mixed. Across the 23 systematic evidence syntheses, findings for depression outcomes were generally positive, with multiple reviews reporting inverse associations between adherence to anti-inflammatory dietary patterns and depression risk or symptom severity. Evidence for anxiety outcomes across reviews was more heterogeneous and less consistent. Conclusion Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet, are associated with improvements in depressive symptoms across randomized controlled trials and systematic evidence syntheses, with less consistent findings for anxiety and other mental health outcomes. Benefits were most consistently observed among individuals with existing mental health symptoms. Interpretation is limited by heterogeneity in dietary interventions, multimodal study designs, populations, and outcome measures. Future research using standardized dietary protocols, longer follow-up periods, and biomarker assessment is needed to strengthen causal inference and clarify underlying mechanisms.

Background Chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNSNP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and imposes a considerable social and economic burden. Although drug treatment is widely used, it has limitations such as adverse reactions and limited long-term efficacy. Therefore, exercise therapy has gradually become the first-line intervention method. However, there is still a lack of systematic evidence for the efficacy comparison among different exercise therapies. Objective This study conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the clinical efficacy of different exercise therapies in treating CNSNP, providing evidence support for clinical intervention selection. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to November 25, 2025, for randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of different exercise therapies in patients with CNSNP. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing the efficacy of different exercise therapies in patients with CNSNP. The primary outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 and R 4.5.2, and the intervention measures were ranked using the cumulative ranking area under the curve (SUCRA). The evidence quality was evaluated using the CINeMA tool. Results A total of 17 studies were included, involving 1,224 patients and 16 intervention measures. The risk of bias assessment showed that 12 studies (70.6%) were of moderate risk, and 5 studies (29.4%) were of high risk. There was no significant difference in improving neck function (NDI) among the intervention measures. The SUCRA value of BBAT (biological feedback-assisted training) was the highest (0.78), but this result was supported by only a small sample of single studies, and the robustness was limited. In terms of reducing pain (VAS), muscle energy technique (MET) was significantly superior to conventional exercise therapy ( p < 0.05), with a SUCRA value of 0.88. However, sensitivity analysis showed that this result was somewhat dependent on a single study. Meta-regression showed that the treatment duration had no significant effect on the efficacy. Publication bias analysis did not reveal significant bias. The CINeMA evidence quality evaluation showed that the overall credibility of the current evidence was moderate. Conclusion Muscle energy technique (MET) shows certain advantages in alleviating chronic nonspecific neck pain, but there is no significant difference among the intervention measures in improving neck function. Due to the sparse network connection of some intervention measures and the reliance on indirect evidence in most comparisons, the SUCRA ranking results should be regarded as exploratory findings and are not sufficient to form clear clinical recommendations. Future high-quality, large-sample, and long-term follow-up head-to-head randomized controlled trials are needed to further verify the efficacy differences of different exercise therapies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251249215 .

Wheat crown rot is a destructive soil-borne disease affecting major wheat-growing regions worldwide. Mechanical transmission represents an important pathway for the spread of wheat diseases and combine harvesters, essential for large-scale farming operations, potentially facilitate long-distance pathogen dispersal through infected residue. However, the precise role of combine harvesters in the epidemiology of wheat crown rot remains unclear. The study revealed that the residue in the grain tank was significantly higher than that in other components, accounting for 44%-69% of the total residue. Pathogen isolation, identification, and PCR-based rapid detection confirmed the consistent presence ofFusarium pseudograminearumandF. graminearum in harvester residues following cross-regional operations from infected fields. Additionally, field trials demonstrated that after operating in disease-free fields, combine harvesters carrying pathogens led to disease incidence of 12% and 17% over two consecutive years. The application of physical and chemical treatments to harvesters prior to cross-regional operations significantly reduced field disease incidence. This study provides the first systematic evidence that combine harvesters serve as efficient vectors for long-distance dissemination of wheat crown rot pathogens, establishing a critical foundation for developing targeted biosecurity measures in wheat production systems.

The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, remote sensing, robotics, blockchain, and edge computing, which are being integrated into crop monitoring, irrigation management, disease detection, and supply chain transparency systems. This study employs systematic evidence mapping to characterize the applications of emerging digital technologies in sustainable agriculture; it delineates technological trajectories, areas of application, implementation gaps, and opportunities for improvement. Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 reporting protocol, 101 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (2020–2025) were identified, screened, and subjected to integrated thematic and bibliometric synthesis, using RStudio Version: 2026.01.1+403 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 for data mining on keywords and technological evolution patterns. Results show that deep learning and computer vision models achieved diagnostic accuracies of 90–99%, smart irrigation systems reduced water consumption by 10–30%, predictive yield models frequently reported R2 values above 0.80, and greenhouse automation reduced energy consumption by approximately 20–30%. Blockchain-based architectures improved traceability and secure data transmission by 15–20%, while remote sensing integration enhanced spatial estimation accuracy up to R2 = 0.92. The findings demonstrate a measurable transition toward data-driven, resource-efficient agricultural ecosystems supported by validated digital architectures. However, interoperability limitations, lack of standardized performance metrics, scalability challenges, and uneven geographical implementation—identified in nearly 40% of studies—highlight the need for harmonized evaluation frameworks, cross-platform integration standards, and long-term field validation to ensure sustainable and scalable digital transformation.

Exposure to violence in childhood and adolescence is linked to adverse educational outcomes. Research from South America is underrepresented in evidence syntheses on the topic, despite being among the most violent regions worldwide. Attending to this problem, this systematic review characterizes and maps available evidence on the relationship between violence exposure and educational outcomes in South America. Using a preregistered protocol, we searched original empirical peer-reviewed studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese between 2012 and 2024 across multiple databases, Google Scholar, reference scanning, and expert consultation. Eligible studies examined any form of violence exposure and a broad range of educational outcomes in pre-primary, primary, or secondary school populations in South America. Information regarding independent, outcome, and mediating variables, study design, and publication characteristics was extracted and presented in an interactive evidence atlas. Studies were assessed using the Quality Appraisal for Diverse Studies tool. Thirty-nine, out of 1,123 identified documents, met the inclusion criteria. Most research was from Brazil (35.9%) and Colombia (30.8%), addressing school (39.6%) and community violence (22.6%). Non-traditional educational outcomes (e.g., school climate, social-emotional skills) were frequently studied. Study quality varied greatly, and a quantitative cross-sectional design was employed predominantly in 69.2% of the studies. Research on violence and educational outcomes in South America presents methodological, geographic, and population gaps. Greater methodological diversity, improved research infrastructure, international collaborations, and inclusive multilingual publication practices could allow for better research quality, coverage and accessibility. Findings highlight the need for a context-sensitive conceptual framework to understand violence's impact on children.

Mental health and psychological vulnerabilities in the context of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse: A systematic evidence review.

ABSTRACT Purpose Recent studies have identified methodological concerns in data science research, including unvalidated preprocessing assumptions that may contribute to inflated performance claims and irreproducible results. Despite preprocessing consuming 60–80% of analytical effort in business analytics projects, strategy selection typically relies on convention rather than systematic evidence. This study introduces REPROPREP, a methodological framework designed to enable systematic validation of preprocessing effectiveness assumptions. Design/methodology/approach The REPROPREP framework incorporates conservative statistical analysis with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction, systematic quality degradation protocols, and cost-effectiveness assessment. The framework was evaluated across 10 UCI repository datasets using gradient boosting classifiers with 5-fold stratified cross-validation under three simulated quality conditions, resulting in 90 statistical comparisons. Findings The analysis found no statistically significant differences between preprocessing strategies after multiple comparisons correction, with negligible effect sizes (mean AUC difference: 0.001). Cost analysis indicated implementation cost differences ranging from $150 to $800 across strategies. Practical implications The framework provides a systematic methodology for preprocessing evaluation, enabling organizations to conduct context-specific validation of preprocessing effectiveness assumptions and support more informed decision-making regarding preprocessing strategies. Originality/value REPROPREP introduces a reproducible and systematic approach to preprocessing validation that integrates statistical rigor with cost-benefit analysis. The framework is designed for adaptive development, with this initial release focusing on numeric preprocessing and providing a foundation for future extensions.