Systematic Decrease Research Articles

氨基酸型亲水作用色谱固定相的制备及其色谱性能评价

以亲水性L-羟基脯氨酸和L-脯氨酸为改性剂，采用连续固液反应，成功制备了两种氨基酸型亲水相互作用液相色谱（HILIC）固定相，并通过红外光谱分析、热重分析、元素分析对其结构进行了系统表征。结果表明，两种功能化色谱固定相制备成功，键合量分别为0.193 mmol/g和0.178 mmol/g，均具有良好的热力学稳定性。在HILIC模式下，以磺胺、杂环胺、核苷、植物生长调节剂、黄酮、胺类物质为溶质，考察了两种固定相的色谱分离性能，结果表明，L-脯氨酸固定相和L-羟基脯氨酸固定相与分析物之间均存在亲水、π-π等相互作用，并且L-羟基脯氨酸固定相还存在氢键相互作用。L-羟基脯氨酸固定相对磺胺、植物生长素、黄酮等极性小分子具有良好的分离效果，证明该固定相可用于极性化合物分离。该研究拓展了氨基酸在色谱分离领域的应用，也为HILIC固定相的开发提供了新思路。

Long-Term Changes in Groundwater Levels in the Białowieża Forest, Poland, Under Climate Change

Groundwater is the primary water source for ecosystems, and so changes in groundwater levels, if directional and constant, can cause changes in vegetation and habitat characters. In Białowieża National Park, a significant decline in the water table was observed at the beginning of the 20th century. The question therefore arose as to whether the changes that occurred at that time were permanent. A second question was whether the negative trend would continue so clearly in the following years. The study is based on measurements from 1985 to 2005 and 2022 to 2023 taken in the same monitoring wells. Complete data were collected from 21 monitoring wells. An analysis of groundwater levels between 1985 and 2005 showed an average decline of 0.08 m/10 years in swamp habitats, 0.11 m/10 years in moist habitats, and 0.21 m/10 years in fresh habitats. The measurements in 2022 and 2023 showed that the trend of falling water levels had slowed down in almost the entire study area, with water levels in recent years being similar to those at the beginning of the century. This was also confirmed by comparing years with similar precipitation: 2022 with 1986, and 2002, 2004, and 2023 with 1999. This was due to the higher precipitation after 2005. In the period of 2006–2023, precipitation in the hydrological years was on average 60 mm higher than in the period of 1985–2005. Despite the clear trend toward rising air temperatures, the higher precipitation compensated for the higher evapotranspiration. However, one area showed a systematic decrease in water levels. This occurred at the watershed of the two largest rivers in the Białowieża Forest. The findings indicate that watershed areas are most vulnerable to lowering the groundwater level due to climatic warming.

The Effects of DMSO on DNA Conformations and Mechanics.

The Effects of DMSO on DNA Conformations and Mechanics.

Geomagnetic variations induced by the partial solar eclipse of November 25, 2011

We examine the geomagnetic variations observed from the SAMBA network during the partial solar eclipse on November 25, 2011, in Antarctica. The eclipse reached nearly 90% obscuration in the western Antarctic Peninsula at the point of greatest eclipse at 06:21 UTC. Six magnetic ground stations distributed across Chile and Antarctica, around 0° longitude and at various latitudes, were used to collect geomagnetic field data in X, Y, and Z coordinates at a 1-second resolution. A baseline from the international Q-days of the month was applied to filter out isolated signals caused by the eclipse. Results indicated a systematic decrease in both the X and Y components, synchronized with the passage of the penumbra.

Evaluation of Protective Mask Notifications to the Safety Gate/RAPEX System during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: This study aims to assess the protective mask notifications used in the Safety Gate / RAPEX system (an early warning system for managing safety used by the European Commission) between 2020 and 2022 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study continues research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the notification of protective masks for this system. Research Design & Methods: Legacy data analysis combines literature evaluation and critique with document research method. Findings: Notifications on protective masks offered between 2020 and 2022 were analysed taking into account four factors: the types of legal provisions that were not met, the non-compliances uncovered, and the categories of voluntary and required measures applied. In 2020, 41% of notifications failed to refer to a specific standard pertaining to the regulation on personal protective equipment. In contrast, during the two subsequent years, we can observe a systematic decrease in the lack of standard indication. Between 2020 and 2022, the reasons for notifications against protective masks that occurred most frequently included ineffective filtration and the lack of adequate testing of the product by a competent body. Voluntary and required measures taken by economic entities against non-compliant protective masks that may pose risks to consumers have been characterised. Implications / Recommendations: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the completeness of notifications for protective masks in the Safety Gate/RAPEX system and the availability of protective masks that were not tested and had ineffective filtration, to consumers. Voluntary and required measures mostly included product withdrawals from the market and from end users. It is recommended that Member State regulatory authorities improve the quality of the notifications provided. Contribution: Notifications on protective masks are characterised in the Safety Gate/Rapex system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for continuous improvement of the effectiveness of European market surveillance and the dangerous products early warning system was identified.

Stratigraphic Evidence of Backwater Morphodynamics and Lowland River Deltas in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars

Abstract Backwater morphodynamics describe feedbacks between hydraulics and sedimentation in fluvio‐deltaic systems in the coastal backwater zone. On Earth, normalized channel belt width decreases approaching the coastline and drops sharply at the start of the backwater zone. This systematic decrease allows a backwater/belt‐width window to be defined, one backwater length upstream from the coast with normalized widths from 2 to 6. We use the backwater/belt‐width window to interpret backwater morphodynamics and estimate backwater length on Mars using narrowing channel belts at Aeolis Dorsa. We measure nine belts from martian delta deposits and compare normalized width to distance upstream from an ancient shoreline. Estimates range from ∼5 to 17 km, coinciding with lengths derived from avulsions. Observing these relationships on Mars demonstrates the universality of backwater morphodynamics, providing new methods for understanding martian hydrologic history. Notably, our results indicate Aeolis Dorsa deltas resembled lowland river deltas on Earth, consistent with a northern hemispheric ocean.

AAV yield, bioactivity, and particle heterogeneity are impacted by genome size and non-coding DNA elements

AAV yield, bioactivity, and particle heterogeneity are impacted by genome size and non-coding DNA elements

Valence fluctuations in Co-doped FeSn antiferromagnetic kagome semimetal

Valence fluctuations arising from quantum phenomena in the magnetic kagome lattice offer a unique platform to study the instabilities in charge configuration associated with magnetic interactions. Here, we report the evidence of valence fluctuation in Fe1−yCoySn from x-ray absorption and resonant photoemission measurements. Both the magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements showed an interplay of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions, which have temperature and field dependence. An increase in the doping concentration y increases the ferromagnetic interaction in the kagome layer, while the antiferromagnetic interaction in the adjacent kagome layer decreases. We find that the Fe2+ and Co2+ states are associated with ferromagnetic interactions and have localized characters near the Fermi level (EF), while Fe3+ and Co3+ have antiferromagnetic contributions with delocalized characters and lie far away from the EF. A systematic decrease in the density of Fe3+ and Co3+ states over the density of Fe2+ and Co2+ states is observed with increasing y. Thus, the magnetic ordering in Fe1−yCoySn depends on the magnitude of the 2+ and 3+ states of Fe and Co at and near the EF, while the change in spin orientation with an increase in y depends on the changes in spin–orbit coupling and the hybridization between the Fe and Co valence electrons. Hence, Fe1−yCoySn is found to be a valence fluctuating material where the spin state of electrons can be controlled by doping, temperature, and magnetic field, which promises important applications of this material in spintronic, magnetic sensor, and high density data storage devices.

Assessing the Accuracy of 3D Modeling of Hydrotechnical Structures Using Bathymetric Drones: A Study of the Karatomara Reservoir

In recent years, Kazakhstan has faced the problem of sustainable development in the field of operation of a number of reservoirs: periods of drought lead to a systematic decrease in accumulated fresh water reserves, and the flood of 2024 led to the flooding of a number of settlements. The article raises questions about the real state of the region’s reservoirs (using the example of the Karatomar reservoir), the accuracy of the conducted bathymetric studies, and the correctness of estimating the required step (or distance between the control points being taken) of the tacks (trajectory lines) of the measurement, which was carried out using the Apache 3 bathymetric drone. The study of the patterns of modeling accuracy from the frequency of tacks (trajectory lines) was carried out using kriging methods. Reservoir models were built in QGis and Surfe. When analyzing the coastline, Sentinel-2 space images and Kazvodkhoz (Kazakhstani state enterprise) data were used. The result of the study was an algorithm for determining the step of tacks (trajectory lines) for modern bottom geomorphology. The conducted research has shown that over 78 years of use, the reservoir’s parameters have undergone significant changes. A similar situation of significant deterioration in parameters is characteristic of other hydrotechnical structures in the region.

Micro-Mechanism of Nitrogen Inhibition of Spontaneous Coal Combustion: A Multi-Scale Study Based on Radical Modulation and Functional Group Reorganization

ABSTRACT The present study centered on the multiscale regulatory function of the nitrogen (N₂) environment in relation to the microscopic inhibition mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion. A systematic approach was adopted to elucidate the mechanism by which N₂ exerts directional regulation over free radical evolution and oxygen-containing functional group reorganization by ESR, FTIR, and theoretical analyses. The findings indicated that the presence of N₂ environment significantly curtailed the generation and chain propagation of free radicals in coal. Within the temperature range of 20 to 80 °C, the ESR signal intensity exhibited a systematic decrease in conjunction with an increase in temperature. Concurrently, the free radical concentration (Ng) diminished by 61.5%, and the g factor underwent a decline from 2.002854 (in raw coal) to 2.002375 (at 80 °C).These observations suggest that N₂ contributed to the radical type by impeding the oxidation reaction from oxygen-containing radicals to aromatic π radicals. FTIR analysis further confirmed that the N₂ atmosphere accelerated the physical desorption of hydroxyl radicals (−OH) and chemical condensation. Additionally, the N2 atmosphere inhibited the oxidative breakage of the aliphatic chain, thereby promoting directional recombination of aromatics. Furthermore, the results of temperature gradient experiments indicate an augmented effect of N₂ on the radical annihilation pathway. At temperatures above 40 °C, there is an enhancement in coal matrix mobility is enhanced, and radical complexation reactions (R±R-→R-R) become the predominant contributors to the net consumption of stabilized radicals.

Strongly emerging octahedral modifications with Al doping and its influence on the electronic transport in NdNiO3 thin films

The temperature-dependent electronic transport and the metal-insulator transition in ABO3perovskite-type NdNiO3are highly sensitive to chemical substitutions and lattice-mismatch induced strain in thin films. We synthesized two series of NdNi1-xAlxO3(x= 0-0.50) thin films on LAO (001) single crystal substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique: one with varied Al doping level (x= 0-0.50) and the other with fixed doping (x= 0.5) but different thickness (10-200 nm). Substituting Al at Ni-site modifies the Ni oxidation state, as observed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A Raman mode around 693 cm-1emerges with just 2% Al-doping at the Ni-site, which is otherwise absent in undoped NdNiO3film. This mode is associated with an anti-stretching of BO6octahedra in perovskites. With increasing doping, this mode strongly emerges in a dominating manner in the spectra, clearly indicating a further enhancement of octahedral anti-stretching. This mode exhibits a blue shift with increasing Al doping and a red shift with increasing thickness atx= 0.50. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra, analyzed using Balkanski and Grüneisen models, reveal anharmonicity and Red-shifting behaviors. The undoped film shows a metal-to-insulator transition temperature (TMI) of ∼77 K, which systematically increases with greater anti-stretching of octahedra and Al doping. At higher doping levels (x= 0.20 and 0.50), the films show insulating behavior below room temperature. As the thickness of NdNi0.50Al0.50O3films varies from 10 nm to 200 nm, the anti-stretching mode got affected, resulting in systematic decrease in resistivity. Our findings confirm that the anti-stretching mode arises by Al doping, and it is associated with the insulating behavior of Al-doped NdNiO3thin films.

Respiration and Swallow in Pompe Disease: Results from a Neuromechanical Computational Model

Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a genetic, metabolic myopathy caused by alterations in the gene that encodes acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). The absence of GAA contributes to glycogen buildup throughout muscle, visceral organs, and neural regions. These accumulations translate to weaknesses in the respiratory neuromuscular systems that affect breathing and breathing-coordinated behaviors (i.e., swallowing). The progression of LOPD leads to increasingly severe pulmonary dysfunction and eventual respiratory failure, which is the major cause of death in LOPD. Emerging evidence indicates significant respiratory neuron dysfunction, altering pulmonary and swallow function in humans and animal models. It has been suggested that respiratory and swallow insufficiency observed in LOPD may be attributed to medullary motoneurons potentially associated with the respiratory and swallow pattern generators. However, the precise neural mechanisms that suppress breathing and swallowing are not fully understood. One possible target for LOPD respiratory/swallow insufficiencies may be reduced medullary inspiratory neurons within this network, which result in decreased phrenic motoneuron output and disfacilitation of breath-swallow coordination. We expect global decreased neural bursts, suppressed inspiratory motor drive, discoordination of respiratory-swallowing behavior, and/or suppressed swallow motoneuron output. Using a stochastic neural network simulator that consisted of discrete “integrate and fire” populations, we simulated a systematic decrease in excitability of three medullary inspiratory neuron populations inspiratory driver (I-Driver), inspiratory decrementing (I-Dec), or inspiratory augmenting (I-Aug) neurons. These medullary inspiratory neurons excite swallow motoneurons within the model. We simulated breathing and three swallow trials. Simulations indicated that when the number of I-Dec neurons was decreased by 30% phrenic/lumbar bursting patterns were reduced in frequency. Additionally, swallow motoneuron patterns exhibited decreased burst magnitudes and shortened durations. Reducing the number of I-Aug neurons by 30% resulted in longer inspiratory phase durations (T I ) and a decreased respiratory rate. Swallow motoneuron burst magnitudes were depressed. During cough, there was a decrease in the duration and amplitudes of the expiratory motoneurons associated with cough and pulmonary stretch fibers. When the number of I-Driver neurons were reduced by 30%, T I decreased and swallow motoneuron burst magnitudes were depressed. During swallow, lumbar and phrenic motoneuron discharge duration and amplitude decreased. These results are consistent with previously reported in vivo data. Overall, our simulation data support the plausibility of glycogen storage impairing medullary motoneurons within the inspiratory network. Our results also suggest that some motoneurons, within the medulla, may be more sensitive to glycogen storage and affect the phase timing of respiratory-swallow execution within the model. Supported by NHLBI L30HL165496 and 3OT2OD023854. This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.

Abstract LB066: Cytokine and chemokine screening reveals altered NK-DC-T cell crosstalk in the aged tumor microenvironment

Abstract The etiology and effects of age-related immune dysfunction in cancer remain incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that the limited priming and function of CD8+ T cells in aged tumor-bearing mice are linked to altered NK-DC-T cell crosstalk within the aged tumor microenvironment (TME). Given that cytokines and chemokines play critical roles in NK-DC-T cell crosstalk, we further investigated which cytokines and chemokines might drive these defects in the aged TME. Tumor-bearing mice aged between 10 and 68 weeks were used to collect serum and tumor interstitial fluid samples, as well as tumor interstitial fluid samples from mice receiving CD40 agonist therapy. The collected samples were processed and analyzed using the Olink Target 48 mouse cytokine and chemokine panel. Consistent with the observed limited CD8+ T cell function, age-related changes in key cytokines and chemokines were identified in tumor interstitial fluid. We specifically observed a decline in effector cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF, that correlates with aging. Moreover, chemokines like CXCL9, essential for recruiting T cells, along with CCL4 and CCL2, important for myeloid recruitment, also showed a significant progressive decrease as age increased within the mouse TME. However, the age-related decline of these chemokines was not observed in the serum samples, suggesting no systematic decrease in peripheral circulation and further confirming that the age-related defects seen in the TME were likely tumor-driven. Notably, we found elevated levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF, CXCL9, CCL4, and CCL2 in aged mice after treatment with a CD40 agonist. Additionally, these aged mice exhibited improved tumor control after treatment, indicating the crucial roles of these cytokines and chemokines in the aged TME. While CD40 agonist therapy has seen limited clinical success, our presented data demonstrate a novel approach that considers aging's effect on anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, our findings suggest a promising strategy for utilizing cytokines and chemokines in cancer treatment for older patients. Citation Format: Alex C. Chen, Marijana Rucevic, Sneha Jaiswal, Daniela Martinez, Cansu Yerinde, Keely Ji, Velita Miranda, Simon Forsberg, Megan E. Fung, Sarah A. Weiss, Maria Zschummel, Kazuhiro Taguchi, Kazuhiro Taguchi, Christopher S. Garris, Thorsten R. Mempel, Nir Hacohen, Debattama R. Sen. Cytokine and chemokine screening reveals altered NK-DC-T cell crosstalk in the aged tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_2):Abstract nr LB066.

ControllingThermal Conductivity of Amorphous SiOx Films through Structural Engineering UtilizingSingle Crystal Substrate Surfaces

Development of thin films with low thermal conductivity(κ)and high dielectric breakdown strength is essential to engineer insulatingmaterials for electronics packaging and other application domains,such as power electronics. Silica glass (SiO2) has extremelyhigh dielectric breakdown strength but a relatively high κ comparedto multicomponent silicate glasses. This study reveals that a largeand systematic decrease in κ can be obtained by shorter intermediateordering distances controlled by stronger constraints from the substratesurface atoms. The largest effect on κ is observed for SiOx films on Si substrates, which can reachone-third of the bulk value. The change in ordering is observableby the shift of the main halo measured by grazing incidence X-raytotal scattering. The improved understanding of the κ of SiOx films presented herein could enable newmaterials design for electronic devices including wide-bandgap semiconductors.

The Inflation Reduction Act’s Impact Upon Early-Stage Venture Capital Investments

BackgroundThe Congressional Budget Office has stated there is no evidence of a systematic decrease in the percentage of venture capital flowing to pharmaceutical companies since IRA’s passage. This was echoed in Prof. Rita Conti’s September 17, 2024, Senate Finance Committee testimony.MethodsTo test the IRA’s impacts on early-stage investments targeting therapeutics for the Medicare-aged population, a longitudinal dataset of commercially sponsored clinical trials by companies with a market valuation ≤ $2 billion was obtained from the BioMedTracker database. These trials were filtered and curated to match early-stage investments to lead assets undergoing clinical development from January 1, 2018, to August 16, 2024.ResultsFrom 161 lead assets with 619 individual investments, we find the aggregated total into large molecules in 2024 was 10 times larger than that for small molecules, which underwent a 68% decline after passage of the IRA. Individual investments made into small molecules decline by minus one-half as exposure to the Medicare-aged population increases after the passage of the IRA (p ≤ 0.0018). Testing large molecule investments by their exposure to Medicare post IRA’s passage is statistically inconclusive.Research Conclusions.This study presents evidence of a decline in the development of new therapies targeting the Medicare-aged population since the passage of the IRA. If these impacts were due to the economic downturn post-pandemic, we would observe statistically similar results in both large and small molecules. However, the results by molecule type diverge. Investors perceive large molecules to be of a lower investment risk relative to small molecules after IRA’s passage.

Structural Characterization and Study of the Mixed-Ion Effect in K-Li Metaphosphate Glasses.

This study investigates potassium-lithium metaphosphate glasses using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Complex Impedance Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Raman Spectroscopy to elucidate the structural mechanisms underlying the Mixed Ion Effect. Thermal analyses reveal a systematic decrease in the glass transition temperature with increasing potassium content, which is dictated not solely by ionic size mismatch but also by structural reorganization within the glass network. The redistribution of nonbridging oxygens and the reduction of phosphate cross-links contribute to this behavior. Impedance spectroscopy shows a pronounced nonlinear reduction in ionic conductivity, decreasing by over 6 orders of magnitude at room temperature for the intermediate composition. NMR analysis indicates a nearly linear evolution of 31 P and 7 Li chemical shifts and full width at half-maximum, confirming the absence of phase segregation. Raman spectroscopy reveals a consistent PO 2 symmetric mode shift, indicative of solid solution behavior and random cation mixing. These findings validate two key hypotheses of the Random Ion Distribution Model: the structural specificity of each cation site and their random distribution within the glass network, while also demonstrating that structural reorganization plays a critical role in modulating T g.

Exploring the impact of synthesis method and dopant concentration on the magnetism and magnetocaloric effect of Sr-doped lanthanum manganites

This study investigates the magnetic properties of strontium-doped lanthanum manganites [La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO)], focusing on the effects of doping and synthesis methods. Materials with different Sr-doping concentrations (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were prepared by citrate–nitrate autocombustion (CNA) and coprecipitation synthesis. Magnetization curves exhibit a transition from paramagnetic behavior to long-range ferromagnetic order below Curie temperatures (TC), which increase with Sr content due to Jahn–Teller distortions and electron delocalization. The synthesis method significantly influences magnetic properties, with CNA-prepared samples exhibiting a systematic decrease in coercivity and remanence with Sr doping, leading to very soft ferromagnetic behavior at x = 0.3. In contrast, coprecipitation-synthesized materials show deviations due to variable oxygen content, which affects Mn valence states and magnetic interactions. Hysteresis loops and magnetocaloric effects were also investigated, revealing that coprecipitation-derived samples exhibit a higher magnetocaloric effect due to structural defects and oxygen nonstoichiometry. A comparison with gadolinium and previous studies highlights the potential of LSMO materials for magnetic refrigeration applications despite their somewhat lower magnetic entropy changes.

Tool and Database for Estimating Potential Longevity of Colloidal Activated Carbon Barriers for PFAS in Groundwater

ABSTRACTThis study presents a planning‐level graphical tool and a regression equation model for estimating the longevity of Colloidal Activated Carbon (CAC) barriers for treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater. The tool development incorporated information from field‐scale CAC barriers, including design data from 17 sites and performance monitoring results from a total of 26 sites. The tool consists of both graphical and mathematical frameworks for estimating barrier longevity based on site‐specific parameters, including barrier dimensions, groundwater Darcy velocity, CAC loading, and influent PFAS concentrations. Application of the tool to 17 field sites yields barrier longevities ranging from 4 to over 100,000 years, with median values of 870, 150, and 180 years for PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS, respectively. The wide variation in longevities is partly due to the significant variability in PFAS mass flux entering the barriers, as shown by the five‐order‐of‐magnitude difference in PFOA mass flux, ranging from 4 × 10−8 to 1 × 10−3 kg m−2 year−1. The systematic decrease in barrier longevity from PFOS to PFOA/PFHxS aligns with known sorption behavior of these compounds onto CAC media. Key uncertainties in longevity estimation include spatial and temporal variability of PFAS and CAC, hydrogeologic heterogeneity, sorption isotherm selection, competitive sorption effects, and limited long‐term performance data. The tool provides a standardized approach for preliminary barrier design using site‐specific data while emphasizing the importance of applying appropriate safety factors and implementing long‐term monitoring strategies.

Retinal degeneration increases inter-trial variabilities of light-evoked spiking activities in ganglion cells.

Retinal degeneration increases inter-trial variabilities of light-evoked spiking activities in ganglion cells.

Buckling of Steel Plates Under Rotational Restraints: An Integration of Experimental Testing and the Vibration Correlation Technique

BackgroundPlates are essential structural elements in many practical applications and commonly undergo buckling failures because of compressive types of loadings. An accurate prediction of buckling loads without destructing the plate has always been an important factor for researchers and designers.ObjectiveThis study investigates the buckling load of axially compressed plates under rotational restraints through a combined approach of experimental testing and the vibration correlation technique (VCT).MethodsThe experimental setup contains equipment to apply elastic rotational restraints to simulate practical structural conditions. Buckling of the plates with diverse length-to-width ratios (a/b) and the stiffness of rotational restraint K were examined through a specially designed fixture. Additionally, mode shapes through the buckling tests were extracted and the influence of rotational restraints on the post-buckling behavior was discussed.ResultsIt is noted that the elastic boundary conditions significantly affected the post-buckling behavior, resulting in notable variations in the load-carrying capacity of the plates. An exponential relationship between the load-carrying capacity and the a/b ratios, exhibiting a systematic decrease as a/b increased from 1.5 to 3. The effect of K on limit loads showed a maximum change of 6% within the scope of the study and it goes to 2% at a/b = 3. However, K is observed to have a significant impact on the post-buckling behavior and the load-carrying capacity in the post-buckling region is almost maintained at higher K values.ConclusionThe influence of rotational restraints on the prediction capability of the VCT approach is highlighted. Probabilistic error distribution analysis indicates an average error of 12%, with a 99% confidence interval. The outcomes of this investigation contribute to the refinement of predictive models and methodologies for evaluating buckling loads under realistic conditions.