Systematic Approach Research Articles

Ascertaining the Educational Efficacy of using Free Open-source Software Research Artificial Intelligence Tools: A Formulative Study at CPGS-AS, CAU(I), Umiam, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya

One of the most significant challenges students currently face is the task of writing and publishing research papers. This process requires a systematic and distinctive approach, including comprehensive analysis, critical interpretation, and the ability to synthesize research on a specific topic. In the current academic and professional landscape, proficiency in artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential prerequisite for students to excel in this domain. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important in academic research, there remains a paucity of studies exploring its application and impact. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the awareness and ascertain the efficacy of using Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) AI tools in academic research among M.Sc. (Ag.) students at CPGS-AS, CAU (I), Umiam, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya. The study adopted a formative research design to achieve its objectives. Convenient sampling procedure was carried out in order to select 62 respondents. The scientific inquiry revealed that the majority of respondent (67.74%) were aware of Software Ownership; while 75.80% were knowledgeable about the features of FOSS, particularly its freedom to use FOSS AI tools. Additionally, more than half of the respondents (67.2%) reported learning about FOSS AI tools through social media and the internet. However, majority of respondents (79.03%) demonstrated low awareness of the use of FOSS AI tools in academic research. A statistically significant difference was found in the respondents' scores before and after the intervention of FOSS AI tools in academic research, indicating a marked improvement in efficacy among the students.

Determining the alignment of assessment items with curriculum goals through document analysis by addressing identified item flaws

BackgroundAssessment shapes educational activities and curriculum mapping, influences learning outcomes, and motivates students. In medical education, aligning assessment items with curricular goals ensures that learning outcomes are accurately measured. Our study aimed to evaluate the alignment of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with curriculum objectives, identify any flaws in these items, and propose enhancements to improve assessment quality.MethodologyA quantitative descriptive study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Riphah University, in 2023. Pre-hoc reports from mid-stake assessments across five academic years were analyzed, covering both preclinical and clinical years. A total of 2,400 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were reviewed for the mid-stake exams against the institutional checklist in which flaws were categorized into three types: test wiseness, irrelevant difficulty, and miscellaneous flaws.ResultsThe analysis revealed a significant misalignment between assessment items and curriculum objectives. Of the 2,400 MCQs reviewed across all five years, 561 flaws were identified: 125 test wiseness flaws, 198 irrelevant difficulty flaws, and and 238 miscellaneous flaws. The latter category was recognized as “alignment flaws” which was not previously documented.The documentation and rectification of these flaws, which included issues such as misaligned learning objectives, incorrect assessment strategies, and disconnects between scenarios and lead-ins, led to their inclusion in the institutional checklist, facilitating ongoing improvements in assessment quality.ConclusionsOur study revealed significant gaps in the alignment of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with curriculum objectives, emphasizing the need for a systematic approach to address these flaws. Document analysis identified misalignments between content objectives, cognitive processes, and assessment strategies, which compromise the quality of evaluations and can hinder the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. To address these issues, we propose integrating identified flaws into institutional guidelines and implementing an updated checklist for pre-hoc evaluation of assessment items, with a focus on curriculum alignment and cognitive levels.

Evidence Gathering and Recommendation Building Procedures for Position Statements: New Methodology.

Position statements are utilized by healthcare organizations to summarize evidence and clearly articulate consensus on best practices. The procedures for developing position statements by the National Athletic Trainers' Association and the NATA Research and Education Foundation have been updated to enhance transparency, reduce bias, and better incorporate the available research to support clinical care recommendations. The paper details the processes of topic selection, author group formation, evidence gathering, and recommendation building, emphasizing the systematic approach and the inclusion of diverse expertise. These changes ensure that future position statements, starting from June 2024, will be more rigorously developed and serve as a reliable resource for athletic trainers, other healthcare providers, and important stakeholders in various settings.

Mapping the exposome of mental health: exposome-wide association study of mental health outcomes among UK Biobank participants.

Dissecting the exposome linked to mental health outcomes can help identify potentially modifiable targets to improve mental well-being. However, the multiplicity of exposures and the complexity of mental health phenotypes pose a challenge that requires data-driven approaches. Guided by our previous systematic approach, we conducted hypothesis-free exposome-wide analyses to identify factors associated with 7 psychiatric diagnostic domains and 19 symptom dimensions in 157,298 participants from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey. After quality control, 294 environmental, lifestyle, behavioral, and economic variables were included. An Exposome-Wide Association Study was conducted per outcome in two equally split datasets. Variables associated with each outcome were then tested in a multivariable model. Across all diagnostic domains and symptom dimensions, the top three exposures were childhood adversities and traumatic events. Cannabis use was associated with common psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety, psychotic, and bipolar manic disorders), with ORs ranging from 1.10 to 1.79 in the multivariable models. Additionally, differential associations were identified between specific outcomes-such as neurodevelopmental disorders, eating disorders, and self-harm behaviors-and exposures, including early life experiences (being adopted), lifestyle (time spent using computers), and dietary habits (vegetarian diet). This comprehensive mapping of the exposome revealed that several factors, particularly in the domains of those previously well-studied were shared across mental health phenotypes, providing further support for transdiagnostic pathoetiology. Our findings also showed that distinct relations might exist. Continued exposome research through multimodal mechanistic studies guided by the transdiagnostic mental health framework is required to better inform public health policies.

Integrated malaria vector control strategies and their effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol for interventional studies

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa has the highest malaria burden in the world. Several vector control strategies are being implemented to reduce mosquito density and protect the most vulnerable populations, such as children...

Application of artificial intelligence in demand planning for supply chains: a systematic literature review

PurposeDemand planning (DP) is a key element of supply chain management (SCM) and is widely regarded as an important catalyst for improving supply chain performance. Regarding the availability of technology to process large amounts of data, artificial intelligence (AI) has received increasing attention in the DP literature in recent years, but there are no reviews of studies on the application of AI in supply chain DP. Given the importance and value of this research area, we aimed to review the current body of knowledge on the application of AI in DP to improve SCM performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a systematic literature review approach, we identified 141 peer-reviewed articles and conducted content analysis to examine the body of knowledge on AI in DP in the academic literature published from 2012 to 2023.FindingsWe found that AI in DP is still in its early stages of development. The literature is dominated by modelling studies. We identified three knowledge clusters for AI in DP: AI tools and techniques, AI applications for supply chain functions and the impact of AI on digital SCM. The three knowledge domains are conceptualised in a framework to demonstrate how AI can be deployed in DP to improve SCM performance. However, challenges remain. We identify gaps in the literature that make suggestions for further research in this area.Originality/valueThis study makes a theoretical contribution by identifying the key elements in applying AI in DP for SCM. The proposed conceptual framework can be used to help guide further empirical research and can help companies to implement AI in DP.

Identifying thematic clusters of ESG in contemporary accounting studies through systematic literature review

Purpose This study aims at identifying the most relevant thematic clusters of studies at the intersection of accounting and environmental, social and governance (ESG), the potential benefits and impacts that research clusters may have at a systemic level on Sustainable Development Goals and factors that could enhance these benefits and impacts. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a systematic literature review approach using a descriptive bibliometric method, data analysis visualization and thematic analysis to fully investigate the content of studies in the accounting domain seeking to achieve research aims, providing insights, critiques and future research paths. Findings This study delves into the evolving landscape where ESG intersects with accounting. It aims to provide valuable insights into the multifaceted relationship between ESG and accounting. The authors identify three thematic clusters: ESG accounting data and investment decision-making, firm’s CSR and ESG issues and ESG and sustainability and accountability. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that integrates bibliometric and literature review analyses to provide a comprehensive outlook of the benefits and impacts ESG and interdisciplinary accounting research can have on the environment and society.

Protocols for ischemic stroke in Flemish hospitals: correlation between availability and content versus adherence.

Stroke is globally one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. Adhering to evidence-based guidelines and protocols can improve quality of care for ischemic stroke patients. We aimed to compare the availability and content of specific protocols versus adherence to these key intervention in clinical daily practice among Flemish hospitals. We selected five key interventions for managing ischemic stroke patients. These key interventions encompassed the measurement of body temperature, glycaemia monitoring, screening of Swallowing function according to the Fever, Sugar and Swallowing protocol (FeSS protocol) and depression and Activities of Daily Living (ADL), (FeSS+ key-interventions). A systematic quantitative and qualitative approach was designed to analyse specific protocols from 24 hospitals. A predefined data extraction matrix for the five FeSS+ key interventions was utilized for data collection. Using this matrix, protocols were scored according to completeness of content, regarding the FeSS+ interventions. These scores were used to calculate a total protocol content score, i.e. a total score for the five FeSS+ interventions and an individual score for each key intervention separately, ranging between 0 and 1, per hospital. A score of zero indicates absence of the FeSS+ interventions in the protocols, while a score of one signifies complete coverage of these interventions. In addition, we assessed the correlation between the availability and content of these protocols in relation to the adherence to interventions documented for 30 patients per hospital. The mean total protocol content score was 0.40±0.20, ranging from 0.64±0.25 for glycaemia management to 0.1±0.28 for ADL screening. With regard to the individual FeSS+ key interventions, we identified a correlation between protocol characteristics and adherence for glycaemia (rs = 0.42, p = 0.04), depression screening (rs = 0.43, p = 0.04) and ADL screening (rs = 0.44, p = 0.03). Total FeSS+-protocol content also correlated with adherence (r = 0.6140, p = 0.0014). Protocol characteristics for the FeSS+ key interventions were variable and rather limited, especially for ADL- and depression screening. The identified relationship between the content of protocols and adherence to interventions underscores the value of defining these activities in hospital documentation to improve stroke care.

Process approach in the configuration of a construction project for the conservation of the Weenhayek native people

Since the systematic approach of the processes and their interactions, the aim is to establish the configuration of a construction project for the housing of the Weenhayek indigenous people. Applied from the theoretical research of various authors on a group of methodologies, phases and tools for project management, through rational scientific methods, such as descriptive, analytical, comparative, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, analogies, modeling, systemic-structural-functional, systematization; and empirical methods, such as interpretivism that involves inductive, qualitative, phenomenological and transversal research, and the interview technique; the way in which the implementation processes are organized, interacted and structured is established. This reveals an alternative for the detailed configuration of a construction project for Weenhayek houses, based on phases, activities, actions and work tasks with characteristics in accordance with the needs of the project.

Evaluating the feasibility and challenges of using passive solar systems for achieving thermal comfort in African countries: a review

PurposeThis review investigates the significance of passive solar systems and bioclimatic building designs in improving thermal comfort across various African regions. The study evaluates current papers and publications, focusing on best practice standards, scientific developments and the possibility of achieving maximum thermal comfort across varied temperature zones.Design/methodology/approachThis research utilised a systematic approach to analyse passive solar systems and African bioclimatic design. It involved a review of 175 documents sourced from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases, focusing on peer-reviewed publications from 1992 to 2023 as well as the Regulations and Standards for Thermal Comfort established in African countries.FindingsThe study shows how integrating passive solar systems into bioclimatic architecture greatly increases thermal comfort and lowers energy consumption in African buildings. Nevertheless, significant research gaps exist in using these systems in different African climates. Maintaining and modifying passive solar systems is essential to tackling the distinct environmental issues faced by the continent.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this review provides a thorough analysis, it acknowledges the complexity of local settings and construction practices, recognising potential limitations in the available literature. The implications include a call for further research and technological advancements to address these limitations and refine passive solar systems for optimal performance.Originality/valueThis study bridges knowledge gaps about how passive solar systems and bioclimatic design principles can be efficiently used across various African climates and areas. Furthermore, it incorporates recent advances and a thorough review procedure to ensure that findings are current and relevant.

Intricacies of Carbon Dot Photoluminescence for Emerging Applications: A Review.

Discoveredin 2004, carbon dots (CDs) have already traversed a long journey, generating many promising research directions. Its cheapness, ease of synthesis, high water-solubility, tunable emission, and excellent biocompatibility make it a single-point solution to many problems, and tremendous efforts were invested into understanding the structure-property-function relationship, which eases the engineering of the CD properties suitable for a desired application. From the usual random choice of precursors or carbon materials as a starting point in the early days, more systematic approaches are now available for choosing proper starting materials and appropriate experimental conditions (solvent medium, reaction temperature, reaction duration, pH, etc) to customize its photoluminescence. The presence of impurities has a crucial role in the outcome and applicability of photoluminescence. Recently, a significant focus has been on the long-wavelength emissive CDs, particularly in the red to near-infrared (NIR) regions, for better penetration into live cells and to circumvent autofluorescence problems. Proper design can harvest phosphorescence from CDs. Many excellent reviews are available, focusing on different facets of CD prospects. Hence, we will only highlight the importance of the optical properties of CDs. We will mention some of the new works that have appeared in the last five years.

Stepwise Provisional Versus Systematic Dual-Stent Strategies for Treatment of True Left Main Coronary Bifurcation Lesions.

The optimal coronary stenting technique for true left main bifurcation lesions is uncertain. EBC MAIN (European Bifurcation Club Left Main Trial) aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of a stepwise provisional strategy compared with a systematic dual-stent approach. EBC MAIN was a randomized, investigator-initiated, open-label, multicenter, parallel-group trial conducted across 35 hospitals in 11 European countries. A total of 467 participants undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected true left main bifurcation lesions were randomly assigned to the stepwise provisional strategy (n=230) or an upfront dual-stent approach (n=237). The mean (SD) age was 71 (10) years and 23% of participants were women. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events, defined as all-cause mortality, all myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee and all analyses were by the intention-to-treat principle. At 3 years, the primary end point occurred in 54 of 230 (23.5%) stepwise provisional and 70 of 237 (29.5%) dual-stent patients (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.53-1.07]; P=0.11). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (10.0% versus 13.1%) or myocardial infarction (12.2% versus 11.0%). However, target lesion revascularization was significantly lower in the stepwise provisional group (8.3% versus 15.6%; hazard ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.29-0.86]; P=0.013). In this population, the mean side vessel diameter by quantitative angiography was 2.9 mm, and median side vessel lesion length was 5 mm. Significant interactions were identified between the assigned bifurcation strategy and both side vessel diameter and lesion length with respect to the primary outcome (P=0.009 and P=0.005, respectively), with smaller vessels (<3.25 mm diameter) and shorter lesions (<10 mm length) favoring the provisional approach. In a European population with true left main stem bifurcation coronary disease requiring intervention, there was no difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between stepwise provisional and systematic dual-stent strategies at 3 years. Target lesion revascularization was significantly less frequent with the stepwise provisional approach, which should be the default strategy for noncomplex left main bifurcation coronary intervention. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02497014.

Внутренний аудит как ключевой инструмент менеджмента: целеполагание, оценка и управление рисками

The article reveals the role of internal audit in the process of goal setting and risk management assessment as an integral element of modern management. Companies in modern business conditions and a rapidly changing business environment face many challenges related to potential threats. Internal audit helps management achieve its goals by using a systematic and consistent approach to evaluating and improving the effectiveness of risk management, control and corporate governance processes, which makes it an essential tool for achieving the company's strategic goals. The author updates the modern functions of internal audit in accordance with the International Professional Standards of Internal Audit (IASB), complementing the factors that may affect their content. Highlights the impact of the principles of internal audit, showing their complex impact on the company, ensuring a balance between efficiency, evaluation and rationality. This makes internal audit a key tool for achieving management's goal setting. The research is based on universal scientific methods – observation, practical methods of generalization and professional judgment, the method of critical assessment. The element of scientific novelty is determined by the practical method of generalizing a more in-depth understanding of the role of internal audit to changing market conditions and the business environment. Using professional judgments, the author focuses on the impact of business risks on the risks of distortion of accounting (financial) statements. Internal audit contributes to the creation of a risk management culture where risk management becomes an integrated element in business processes. Revealing the content of the stages of risk assessment and management, the role of internal audit in creating a culture of risk management within the company is assessed, which, in turn, contributes to its sustainable development and competitiveness. The article will be useful for both practicing internal auditors and managers seeking to improve the level of risk management in the organization.

Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Visual Spasial Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Building Blocks

This study aims to enhance the visual-spatial intelligence of early childhood through building block play. Visual-spatial intelligence refers to the ability to understand, process, and think visually, including recognizing shapes, sizes, colors, and the capability to create and comprehend visual information in two or three dimensions. The research method employed is a literature review, analyzing relevant books and journal articles. The findings indicate that building block play stimulates children’s creativity, imagination, and logical thinking skills. This activity allows children to learn essential concepts such as shapes, sizes, patterns, and directions, significantly supporting the development of their visual-spatial abilities. Additionally, the play enhances children’s social, emotional, and collaborative skills through group interactions. Using a systematic approach involving stages such as introduction, observation, construction, creative challenges, and evaluation, building block play proves to be an enjoyable and effective educational tool for early childhood. This study recommends that educators and parents integrate building block play into daily learning activities as an effective means to support the development of visual-spatial intelligence, creativity, and critical thinking skills in young children. Appropriate support from the surrounding environment will maximize children’s learning potential, enabling them to grow and develop optimally.

Accelerated Destruction of Passive Film and Microbial Corrosion of 316 L Stainless Steel via Extracellular Electron Transfer.

The dense passive film on 316 L stainless steel is the key in its corrosion resistance. Its interactions with an electroactive biofilm are critical in deciphering microbial corrosion. Herein, an in-depth investigation using genetic manipulations and addition of an exogenous electron mediator found that extracellular electron transfer (EET) mediated by the electroactive S. oneidensis biofilm grown aerobically accelerated the destruction of the microstructure and weakened the passive film. The changes in surface properties accelerated the electrochemical reactions and increased pitting corrosion. The redox state on the surface also changed due to the activity of the electroactive biofilm. A synergistic EET corrosion mechanism, including both direct and mediated electron transfer with passive film destruction was proposed to illustrate the corrosion caused by electroactive S. oneidensis. The techniques used in this work provide a systematic approach to probe EET impact on microbial corrosion by electroactive biofilms with electron transfer across the biotic-abiotic interfaces.

Exploring identity in coaching – insights into coaches’ understanding and approach

Responding to a growing focus on identity within academia and the shifting socio-economic landscape, this study investigates the role of identity in executive coaching. Given identity’s complexity, its impact on human thriving, and its critical role in HRD, this research examines how coaches perceive, engage with, and address identity-related issues. Specifically, it explores how coaches navigate these issues without a standard theoretical framework, aiming to fill notable gaps in the literature on identity coaching and its methods. A qualitative, experiential approach was adopted, with purposive sampling used to select 14 experienced executive coaches from the United Kingdom, United States, and New Zealand. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews conducted over three weeks, followed by inductive thematic analysis, allowing key themes to emerge organically from participants’ insights. The analysis revealed five primary themes shaping coaches’ work with identity: the importance of a whole-person approach, identity’s central role in coaching, the coach as an instrument, methods and tools employed, and implications for coach education. While most coaches favoured an “inside-out” approach, emphasising the coachee’s self-concept and identity dynamics, they noted challenges in defining identity consistently, often shaped by their own experiences. Furthermore, while viewing this level of coaching as transformational, many also highlighted potential risks inherent in deep identity work, including unintended impacts on coachees’ personal lives. Ultimately, the findings underscore significant gaps in identity-related coaching frameworks and training, highlighting the need for more systematic approaches to addressing identity issues. To meet these challenges, the study recommends developing comprehensive resources and training to equip coaches for effective identity coaching practices.

Accelerated Destruction of Passive Film and Microbial Corrosion of 316 L Stainless Steel via Extracellular Electron Transfer

AbstractThe dense passive film on 316 L stainless steel is the key in its corrosion resistance. Its interactions with an electroactive biofilm are critical in deciphering microbial corrosion. Herein, an in‐depth investigation using genetic manipulations and addition of an exogenous electron mediator found that extracellular electron transfer (EET) mediated by the electroactive S. oneidensis biofilm grown aerobically accelerated the destruction of the microstructure and weakened the passive film. The changes in surface properties accelerated the electrochemical reactions and increased pitting corrosion. The redox state on the surface also changed due to the activity of the electroactive biofilm. A synergistic EET corrosion mechanism, including both direct and mediated electron transfer with passive film destruction was proposed to illustrate the corrosion caused by electroactive S. oneidensis. The techniques used in this work provide a systematic approach to probe EET impact on microbial corrosion by electroactive biofilms with electron transfer across the biotic‐abiotic interfaces.

Case Study of Cultural Activity at 10 No. Market, Bhopal An Exploration of its Significance, Dynamics, and Impact

10 No. Market in Bhopal is not only a commercial hub but also a centre for cultural activities. This research paper aims to study the cultural dynamics, scope, and impact of events hosted in this market. By employing a systematic approach—fieldwork, interviews, and secondary research—the paper provides an in-depth understanding of how cultural activities shape the market's identity, foster community bonding, and promote local heritage. Key Words: Proposals, Footfall, technologically advance, youth centric.

A Systematic Quantitative Approach to Rational Drug Design and the Discovery of Novel Human Antigen R (HuR) Inhibitors.

1,4-Naphthoquinone and its derivatives are recognized for their potent anticancer effects, establishing this pharmacophore as a key focus in cancer research. Their potential to modulate cellular pathways suggests they could be effective in developing new HuR inhibitors, targeting a protein crucial for regulating cancer-related gene expression. Compounds C1-C20 were designed by using Discovery Studio (DS) software. In this study, a systematic approach involves scaffold hopping followed by additional research such as molecular docking, ADMET, drug-likeness, toxicity prediction, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and binding free energy analysis was used to discover novel Human Antigen R (HuR) inhibitors. In molecular docking, 1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives showed better interactions with the HuR protein compared to that of the conventional HuR inhibitor MS-444. Among twenty 1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives, most of the compounds showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. In the toxicity prediction model, most of the designed compounds were neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic. According to MD simulation, C5 is more stable than MS-444. The designed 1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives have been found to be crucial structural motifs for the discovery of novel HuR inhibitors, which was well supported by the in-silico screening and molecular modeling methods.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer: a real - world retrospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic drugs have demonstrated effectiveness in treating advanced gastric cancer (GC), their role in neoadjuvant or conversion therapy remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis and ICIs in patients with locally advanced GC (LAGC).MethodsIn this cohort study, we reviewed our prospectively maintained GC database and included individuals diagnosed with clinical stage II-III GC who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery between January 2022 and August 2023. The treatment protocol combined ICIs, anti-angiogenic therapy (specifically apatinib), and chemotherapy (S-1 with oxaliplatin). A systematic approach was used to document patients’ clinical and pathological characteristics, pathological findings, and survival outcomes, which were subsequently analyzed in detail.ResultsA total of 38 individuals met the study’s inclusion criteria, with the majority (32 patients, 84.2%) having clinical stage III GC. All participants underwent surgery, resulting in a notable R0 resection rate of 97.4%. The rates of major pathological response (MPR) and pathological complete response (pCR) were 47.4% and 23.7%, respectively. Post-surgery, 36 patients (92.1%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 22 months, ten patients experienced disease recurrence, including three who died from tumor relapse. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate stood at 100%, and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 94.7%, with median OS and DFS yet to be reached. The neoadjuvant therapy regimen was generally well-tolerated, with no grade 5 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) reported. Only one patient experienced a grade 4 TRAE (immune-related hepatitis), while the most common grade 3 TRAEs included thrombocytopenia, elevated aminotransferase levels, and neutropenia.ConclusionsThe combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and ICIs has proven effective in treating LAGC patients, achieving high pCR rates and favorable survival outcomes while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.