Evaluation Index System Research Articles

An innovative approach to post-occupancy evaluation of architectural heritages in the Peking-Mukden railway

AbstractThe architectural heritages of the Peking-Mukden Railway has witnessed the industrialization of China. When it no longer serves its original function, finding a new way for reuse becomes a trend. It requires feedback from reused cases to guide decision-making. This article aims to propose an approach to post-occupancy evaluation of architectural heritages in the Peking-Mukden Railway and apply it to real cases for analysis. The evaluation indicator system used here consists of a hierarchical structure, evaluation indicators, and interpretation indicators. Cosine similarity, entropy weight method, and precedence chart method are utilized to determine final weights. The GRA-TOPSIS method is utilized to identify reuse cases that require additional optimization. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The cosine similarity can be introduced to neutralize individual preferences. The entropy weight method can be used to neutralize subjective factors. 2. Based on the analysis of the sensitivity levels, indicators that need to be improved first can be identified. Priority should be given to spatial accessibility and cultural transmission when making adjustments with limited resources. 3. The GRA-TOPSIS evaluation method can be used to rank and find reuse cases that need further optimization.

Digital Economy, Marine Industrial Structure Upgrading, and the High-Quality Development of Marine Economy Based on the Static and Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model

Achieving marine sustainable development goals requires improving the quality of the marine economy. In this study, we constructed a multi-dimensional evaluation index system to quantify the high-quality development of the marine economy (HDME) and digital economy for China’s 11 coastal regions between 2012 and 2020, and systematically explored the mechanisms between the digital economy, marine industrial structure upgrading, and high-quality development of the marine economy. We further empirically analyzed the influence of the digital economy and marine industrial structure upgrading on the HDME by using the static and dynamic spatial Durbin model and threshold model. We found that the digital economy improved the HDME of local and neighboring regions, and the sub-dimensional indicators had a significant heterogeneous effect. The marine industrial structure upgrading only positively affected the quality of the marine economy in neighboring areas. Furthermore, the digital economy and marine industrial structure upgrading also had synergistic effects on improving the marine economy, which mainly depended on digital infrastructure and digital industrialization. There also existed digital infrastructure and digital industrialization thresholds within marine industrial structure upgrading, affecting the HDME. Our results provide new insights for the green and sustainable development of the marine industry and marine economy from a broader technical perspective in the digital age. Governments should recognize the spatial spillover and synergistic effects of the digital economy and marine industrial structure between different regions and implement policies considering their impacts to achieve the marine sustainable development goals.

Analysis of landscape vegetation ecology and cellular structure in nature reserves based on an improved analytic hierarchy process

With the increasing severity of global environmental issues, natural reserves have become crucial areas for maintaining biodiversity and protecting natural ecosystems. The ecological status of landscape vegetation and the characteristics of cellular structures within these reserves have become focal points of research. However, traditional evaluation methods have limitations when dealing with the complex ecosystems of natural reserves, making it difficult to assess the relationship comprehensively and accurately between vegetation ecology and cellular structures. Therefore, this paper proposes an analysis of landscape vegetation ecology and cellular structure in natural reserves based on an improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By incorporating fuzzy set theory and expert scoring mechanisms, the evaluation process is enhanced in terms of objectivity and precision. An evaluation index system for landscape vegetation ecology and cellular structure in natural reserves is constructed, covering aspects such as vegetation species richness, community structural complexity, and ecological functional stability. This systematic approach reflects the ecological status of vegetation and cellular structure characteristics, providing scientific support for targeted protection and management measures.

Research on the Performance Evaluation Index System of Logistics Enterprises Based on Improved BSC

Research on the Performance Evaluation Index System of Logistics Enterprises Based on Improved BSC

Can sustainable finance promote manufacturing green transition trapped in financing dilemma? The influence mechanism of green technology innovation, technology market and government guidance

ABSTRACT Sustainable finance (SF) has become a potential financing channel for the manufacturing sector because green finance has intensified the transition financing dilemma for brown sectors. This study investigates whether SF can promote green transition in the manufacturing sector (MT) under this financing dilemma, and the role of green technology innovation (GTI), the technology market (TM), and government guidance (GVG) in such a relationship. Using the data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020, this study first constructs comprehensive evaluation indicator systems for SF and MT and then applies the chain-mediation model and moderated chain-mediation model. The findings show that SF has a significantly positive influence on MT. The influence mechanism demonstrates that GTI-TM is a vital influence channel for SF to promote MT. GVG can moderate the chain-mediation effect of GTI and TM. These findings have important implications for promoting MT through SF.

Evaluation of the Development Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Operation for Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Based on the Research Data of Qinchuangyuan Innovation Driving Platform

Science and technology-based enterprises promote national economic growth and facilitate scientific and technological innovation. This study takes the development of Intellectual Property (IP) operation of science and technology-based enterprises as the research object and constructs a relevant evaluation index system. It also takes the data of 112 small and medium-sized science and technology-based enterprises within the Qinchuangyuan Innovation Driving Platform as an example, conducts statistical analysis and case analysis, and concludes development strategies. The results of the study provide policy suggestions for further strengthening and promoting the development of intellectual property operation by enhancing the efficiency of the IP operation system and policy services for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in science and technology, promoting the construction of supporting facilities and improving employee satisfaction; as well as simplifying the IP filing procedures, optimizing the financing environment, and establishing a platform for regular evaluation and information sharing to accelerate the transformation of IP; and at the same time, implementing a mechanism for efficient policy fulfillment and departmental linkages to enhance the implementation of the policies and form a high-quality business environment that will help SMEs in their development and technological innovation of SMEs.

The impact of smart classrooms on the core literacy of college English learners and the relationship between core literacy and learning outcomes: Evidence from China

College English major students are taken as the subjects of evaluation, applying learning analysis technology based on learning behaviour data sets and traditional evaluation and comprehensively using the analytic hierarchy process for index weighting and evaluation practice to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the core literacy of college English major students. Secondly, this study deeply examines the impact of smart classrooms on the core literacy of college English learners. By applying different regression models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed effects model, and dynamic lagged fixed effects regression, the research results consistently show that the smart English teaching model significantly improves the core literacy of college students. The regression coefficients of all models are between 0.2150 and 0.2818, and they are robust and reliable at a significance level of 1%. In addition, the study explores the role of academic resources as a mediating variable and finds that smart English classrooms improve students' English core literacy by increasing academic resources. Academic resources are confirmed to mediate the positive impact of smart English classrooms on students' English core literacy, producing a mediating effect of 30.78%. Using deep neural networks, this study further explores the complex relationship between core literacy and learning outcomes. Therefore, as an innovative teaching model, the application potential of smart English classrooms in improving students' English core literacy is significant.

The Construction Principles and Processes of Design Evaluation Index System for Cantonese-Style Chairs

The Construction Principles and Processes of Design Evaluation Index System for Cantonese-Style Chairs

Analyzing New Quality Productive Forces in New Energy Vehicle Companies Based on a New Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model

Assessing the new quality productive forces (NQPF) of new energy vehicle (NEV) companies is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of the NEV industry. This paper systematically evaluated and analyzed the NQPF of Chinese listed NEV companies from 2018 to 2022 using a novel multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. To address limitations in traditional MCDA models, such as unbalanced weight distribution, insufficient ranking differentiation, and incomplete identification of key influencing factors, this study introduced a new model, IDOCRIW-PROBID (integrated determination of objective criteria weights—preference ranking on the basis of ideal-average distance). First, an evaluation index system tailored to NEV companies’ NQPF was developed. Then, the IDOCRIW method was used to objectively assign weights to the indicators, enhancing the scientific rigor of the weight distribution. The PROBID method was employed to rank companies based on their NQPF, identifying differences between them. Additionally, an obstacle degree model was introduced to analyze key influencing factors, compensating for the traditional MCDA model’s limitations in this regard. The results showed, first, that the proposed IDOCRIW-PROBID model has a high degree of consistency with the classical Entropy-TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) model in terms of ranking the results (correlation coefficient = 0.91), and that IDOCRIW-PROBID offers higher differentiation compared to other MCDA models, validating its reliability and superiority. Second, during the study period, the development levels of NQPF in Chinese listed NEV companies varied significantly, with most companies at a low level of development and showing a downward trend, indicating that companies face considerable challenges in improving their NQPF. Third, the obstacle degree analysis revealed that R&D lease fees, R&D depreciation and amortization, and direct R&D investment were the primary factors hindering NQPF growth. This research provides theoretical support and decision-making insights for strategic optimization in NEV companies and informs government policy formulation.

Exploring the relationship between digital infrastructure and carbon emission efficiency: New insights from the resource curse and green technology innovation in China

Resource-rich regions can fall prey to the resource curse, leading to a decline in carbon emissions efficiency (CEE). But amid this challenge, building digital infrastructure offers an opportunity to find solutions that will pave the way for sustainable development. An indicator evaluation system was constructed to measure the level of digital infrastructure (DI) using panel data for 275 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2020. The impact of DI on CEE is validated using several econometric models. As an innovation, the time lag effect and spatial spillover effects are considered in the analysis. The study found that DI significantly improves CEE, and this effect is more effective in central and resource-based cities, but only significant in southern cities, cities with high levels of marketization, and cities with high levels of human capital. Reducing the resource curse and increasing green technological innovation are important transmission pathways, which are considered to be the key role of DI. Further, the third period of lagged DI has the most significant effect, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect of DI on the CEE of neighboring cities, which is most prominent around 600 km. Policymakers are advised to improve the level of construction of DI, focus on digital management, and utilize the role of DI at the optimal time and distance.

Potential Conflict Diagnosis, Simulation Optimization and Coordination of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Gully Areas of the Loess Plateau, China

The gully areas on the Loess Plateau have always been ecologically fragile agricultural areas. These areas often face the common problem of intensified conflicts in production-living-ecological space during economic development, and there is an urgent need for systematic spatial governance. This study innovatively developed a full process technical framework of "identification diagnosis - simulation optimization - coordinated governance" for potential conflicts in the production-living-ecological space, and used Huachi County in the gully area of the Loess Plateau as an example for empirical research. Under this framework, we analyzed the transfer patterns of production, living, and ecological space in the research area; Improved the spatial suitability evaluation index system of "multi-dimensional + multi-objective"; The conflict determination matrix was used to identify the scope, scale, type, and intensity of potential spatial conflicts; We conducted spatial optimization simulations under two scenarios: prioritizing ecological protection and prioritizing social and livelihood development, and designed an overall spatial optimization plan; Propose spatial collaborative governance strategies based on the theory of public space governance. Research shows that this framework has good applicability for the research area and is more direct for guiding subsequent spatial planning and policy practice. The potential conflict between production space and ecological space in Huachi County is the most common, the potential conflict intensity between living space and production space is the largest, and the potential conflict risk between living space and ecological space is rising. To coordinate potential conflicts in space, it is necessary to establish a vertical allocation type of spatial function coordination chain of “goal + collaboration + adjustment”, as well as a horizontal negotiation type of spatial configuration coordination chain of “allocation + cooperation + balance”, forming a “double vertical and double horizontal” spatial coordination framework.

Rethinking residential building design in high-density cities for enhancing pandemic resilience: Balancing importance and practicality

The relationship between the built environment and epidemic transmission is particularly pronounced within the context of lockdown policies and high-density urban areas. Non-pharmaceutical interventions have become increasingly important during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study proposes an evaluation index system for pandemic-resilient residential building designs in high-density cities, covering the entire design process including site planning, architecture design, building equipment and management. The system includes 64 design strategies, categorized into 15 sub-categories and 4 categories. Then, we evaluate the preference of each strategy by synthesizing the dimensions of importance and implementation difficulty. A questionnaire survey was conducted among experts who have experience with pandemic-resilient designs in high-density cities. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation analysis was implemented along with the “preference index” concept to identify the most important and practical interventions during the pandemic outbreak. The results indicate that “service and management” is the category that requires priority, followed by “property management,” “common areas” and “building morphology” in sub-categories. Among the design strategies, “waste receptacle,” “publicity and education,” “floor drain and water seal” and “environmental cleaning and disinfection” are the top four recommended strategies. This study provides policymakers and practitioners with effective and easily implementable prevention measures during an outbreak of respiratory tract infections. It also offers specific policy recommendations and application suggestions for new and existing buildings, contributing to creating a safer and healthier living environment

Coupling coordination mechanism between ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River Basin

Abstract In the issue of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, this study deeply discusses the influencing factors of the coupling and coordination level between the two systems by calculating the ecological environment protection and high-quality development, as well as the ecological protection evaluation index system, and using spatial econometric models. The results showed that the average value of the comprehensive evaluation index for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin grew from 0.253 to 0.351 (2014–2023), and the overall coupling coordination degree was in the range of 0.496 to 0.582. This indicated that the country’s emphasis on protecting the Yellow River ecosystem and the implementation of its policies had achieved significant results, and the overall environmental condition of the system had been significantly improved. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin also showed a fluctuating upward tendency, indicating the mutual connection between economic development and ecological environment protection. Tests had shown that the use of oil and water resources had a negative impact on the system degree of coupling and coordination, while other factors had a positive impact. This study provides useful references for environmental protection and sustainable development, and provides guidance for policymakers to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

EVALUACIÓN EN LA NUBE DE LA CAPACIDAD DE GESTIÓN DE EMERGENCIAS DEL GOBIERNO ANTE CATÁSTROFES POR INUNDACIONES URBANAS: DATOS DE CHINA

A relevant evaluation index system was established in this study for the objective measurement of emergency management capability for urban flood disasters based on the four stages of emergency response, namely, “prevention, early warning, response, and recovery.” The weight distribution of different evaluation indices was calculated by using the CRITIC method, which generated an evaluation cloud and a result cloud based on the cloud model. A case study on the emergency management of Zhengzhou City in Henan Province of the “7.20 Flood Disaster” was conducted, and the evaluation results were displayed intuitively as the digital features of the cloud model and in the computational cloud diagrams. The evaluation results of the emergency management capability of Zhengzhou City for the “7.20 Flood Disaster” were obtained, and a new direction for emergency management capability improvement was proposed based on a capability enhancement priority matrix. Results showed that Zhengzhou City exhibited only the “simple level - system management mode” in coping with the “7.20 Flood Disaster.” Zhengzhou City can improve its emergency management capability against flood disasters by improving the reliability of its monitoring and communication systems, the effectiveness of its publicity and education measures, and the timeliness of its provision of postdisaster information statistics and reports. The conclusions disclose a new direction for the scientific judgment of emergency management capability for flood disasters and the formulation of capability enhancement strategies. Key Words: Flood disasters; emergency management capability; cloud model; CRITIC method; capability enhancement matrix

The Fault Diagnosis Method for Photovoltaic Modules Based on Machine Learning

Based on the urban natural gas pipeline accident statistics and semi-quantitative risk evaluation index system, this paper applies Bayesian network to establish a network model between various types of risk factors and the risk of natural gas pipeline failure. The EM algorithm was used to learn from the statistical accident data to obtain the parameters of the model. Based on the principle of evidential reasoning in reverse, the probability of occurrence of all risk indicators can be obtained when the probability of occurrence of urban natural gas pipeline accidents is 100%, the index weight is obtained by normalizing the occurrence probability. On this basis, this paper develops an efficient urban natural gas pipeline integrity risk identification and management software. The software can realize the basic data management of urban natural gas pipeline system, pipeline relative risk value calculation, pipeline risk level calculation and other functions, and the results are visualized. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the model and software are verified by a case of natural gas pipeline evaluation in a block.

Evaluating High-Quality Development in the Construction Industry via the Matter–Element Extension Method: A Case Study of 11 Cities in Zhejiang, China

China’s construction industry is facing increasing pressure for transformation and upgrading, with high-quality development becoming an essential goal. However, the precise definition and evaluation criteria for high-quality development remain ambiguous. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on 11 cities in Zhejiang province to explore the connotations of high-quality development in the construction industry and establishes an evaluation index system for assessing it. This study employs the entropy weight method and matter–element extension method to evaluate the high-quality development levels of the construction industry across these cities. The empirical results reveal that the development of the construction industry in Zhejiang province is uneven across cities, with significant potential for overall improvement. This study validates the proposed index system and evaluation model while supplementing empirical evidence; it also enriches the literature and provides both theoretical and technical support for advancing the construction industry’s transition toward high-quality development.

Measuring Rurality and Analyzing the Drivers of Rurality in Megacities—A Case Study of Shanghai, China

The Rurality Index is an important reference for the formulation of rural development strategies and policies, but the evaluation of the rurality of megacities based on the township scale is relatively limited. Based on the perspective of spatial governance, this study constructed the evaluation index system of Shanghai’s rurality and carried out the evaluation of Shanghai’s rurality at the township scale from 2005 to 2020. The article adopts the MGWR model to analyze the driving effects of five key driving factors (the proportion of foreign population, per capita industrial output value, public finance revenue, social fixed asset investment, and rail transit coverage), and adopts the Geo-Detector model to analyze the interactive driving effects of two factors. The results indicate that the rurality index of megacities and townships as a whole shows a weakening trend, and the above factors have a predominantly negative impact on rurality, with differences in the intensity of the impact in different periods. There is an obvious interactive additive effect between the factors. When formulating policies for township development, government departments need to take into account the functional positioning of the region and comprehensively adopt targeted policies on population, industry, transportation, finance and investment to regulate and guide the transformation or sustainable development of the countryside.

Evaluation and Improvement of Construction Safety for Prefabricated Buildings Under the Concept of Resilience

In the construction of prefabricated buildings, safety issues occur frequently, posing challenges to project progress and personnel safety. As a new trend in the construction industry, the complexity of the environment in prefabricated construction demands an update to traditional safety management concepts. This study introduces the concept of resilience to analyze safety issues in prefabricated construction and develops a WSR-4Rs framework for a systematic evaluation of construction safety. The study first combines the WSR (Wuli-Shili-Renli) systematic methodology with the 4R resilience theory to construct an evaluation index system for construction safety. Then, it uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each index, establishing a balanced and objective weighting scheme. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is then applied to assess actual project cases. Finally, an obstacle degree model is introduced to identify key indicator factors that significantly impact construction safety, and specific improvement measures are proposed based on these findings. The aim is to provide practical references and guidance for enhancing the safety management level in prefabricated construction.

Construction of a Competency Evaluation Indicator System for Specialist Nurses in Liver Transplantation: A Delphi Study.

Liver transplantation specialist nurses provide comprehensive and safe care for liver transplant patients, which requires them to have a wide range of competencies. However, at present, there is no comprehensive understanding of the competency of liver transplantation specialist nurses in China, and there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation indicators. The purpose of this study was to construct a competency evaluation indicator system for specialist nurses in liver transplantation. Utilizing the "Iceberg model" of competency, the indicator system for evaluating the competency of liver transplant specialist nurses was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Twenty nursing and medical experts in liver transplantation were consulted over two rounds. The effective response rates for the expert consultation questionnaires were 90.91% and 100.00% for the first and second rounds, respectively. The coefficient of expert judgment was 0.920, the coefficient of familiarity was 0.880, and the authority coefficient was 0.900. The value range of the coefficient of variation in the second round was 0.00-0.16, both <0.25, indicating that the degree of coordination of expert opinions was high. The final competency evaluation index system for liver transplant specialist nurses encompassed 6 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 59 tertiary indicators, including professional knowledge, professional skills, social role, self-concept, personality quality, and motivation. The developed competency evaluation indicator system for liver transplant specialist nurses possesses scientific validity and reliability, offering a reference for the training and assessment of liver transplant specialist nurses.

Evaluation of crop structure optimization policy quantitatively and future directions in China: a PMC-Index model approach

Developing policies to optimize the planting structure is essential to ensure an adequate supply of agricultural products and guarantee food security. However, the rationality and comprehensiveness of China’s cropping structure optimization policies require scientific evaluation. Therefore, this research established an evaluation index system for China’s planting structure optimization policies using text mining and the PMC-Index model to evaluate eight agricultural cropping structure optimization policies in China since 2003. The results showed that: (1) The PMC-Index showed a general upward trend across the eight policies, with scores ranging from 4.88 to 6.61. (2) Seven of the eight policies were deemed acceptable, while one was classified as low. (3) The Chinese government has long focused on optimizing the structure of agricultural cultivation, and relevant policies have made significant progress in terms of logical connotation and long-term feasibility. However, there is still room for improvement in enhancing regulatory effectiveness and strengthening interdepartmental collaboration. It is recommended that the government develop more flexible and diverse incentive mechanisms, strengthen interdepartmental coordination, expand policy coverage, enhance the comprehensiveness of policy functions, and elevate support for agricultural technology.