System In Kosovo Research Articles

Reference System from Health Levels to Emergency Clinic Center in Kosovo

The process of patient referral system at the level of health care is a comprehensive institutional framework with responsible, well-defined competencies, as a network of cooperation with the general goal of maintaining health, treatment, stabilization, transport and medical care up to in the complete recovery of the sick. The process of patient referral system in most countries in Europe and in the world is a challenge for most developing and developed countries. The mechanisms of the referral system function at different national, regional and municipal levels based on national laws and policies and work on the basis of efficient lines of communication by creating clear and simple steps and procedures described. The referral system in Kosovo is disorganized, chaotic, the Ministry of Health must have a national document of the referral system for patients at the health level, and before that all health care professionals are educated, trained on the way of the referral system, which cases must be sent from the primary, secondary and tertiary level. At the national level, the National Coordinating Council with a national plan of the patient referral system can convey the quality; help the health care professionals based on the current health legislation, the harmonization of unique standardized protocols with follow-up guidelines. Patients at the country level.

Reference System from Health Levels to Emergency Clinic Center in Kosovo

The process of patient referral system at the level of health care is a comprehensive institutional framework with responsible, well-defined competencies, as a network of cooperation with the general goal of maintaining health, treatment, stabilization, transport and medical care up to in the complete recovery of the sick. The process of patient referral system in most countries in Europe and in the world is a challenge for most developing and developed countries. The mechanisms of the referral system function at different national, regional and municipal levels based on national laws and policies and work on the basis of efficient lines of communication by creating clear and simple steps and procedures described. The referral system in Kosovo is disorganized, chaotic, the Ministry of Health must have a national document of the referral system for patients at the health level, and before that all health care professionals are educated, trained on the way of the referral system, which cases must be sent from the primary, secondary and tertiary level. At the national level, the National Coordinating Council with a national plan of the patient referral system can convey the quality; help the health care professionals based on the current health legislation, the harmonization of unique standardized protocols with follow-up guidelines. Patients at the country level.

Part Two: Insurance Sector Development And Its Effect On The Financial Markets In Developing Countries: The Case Of Kosovo

The purpose of this study is to identify the connection between the insurance market and the financial markets. More specifically to analyze the nature of insurance companies and their direct role in the economic and financial system development. This market study aims to analyze the insurance system in Kosovo by defining and analyzing its structure, the degree of concentration of insurance companies on the insurance market, their behavior towards price, number of participants, companies operating in this market, and types of products and services they provide. This paper (part two of the study) will present the secondary data from Central Bank of Kosovo, Insurance Companies, and Insurance Association of Kosovo. The analysis are performed on quantitative and qualitative data through applying theories on insurance market development in other countries. It is imported to identify the factors because it enables insurance companies to design policies that tackle the demands of consumers for voluntary insurance policies and at the same time to contribute to financial stability of Kosovo’s economy. The study aims to conclude on the main research question: Does Insurance Development affect the Financial Markets in developing countries? The expected outcome is that the insurance sector in Kosovo is an important factor for the further development of the financial system.

The Protection of the Rights of the Defendant by the Constitutional Court-The Kosovo Case

The aim of this case study is to analyze the protection of the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings and the implementation of international standards on the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings in the domestic law of the Republic of Kosovo. This paper will focus on the role of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo in protecting the rights of the defendant during a criminal process, based on specific cases decided by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. For more than ten years since the Declaration of its Independence, Kosovo has established a legal system, which provides effective protection for the rights of a defendant. A significant role in this regard was played by the fact that Kosovo directly applies the jurisprudence of the International Court on Human Rights (ECtHR), as a constitutional obligation. Out of all institutions of the legal system in Kosovo, which are obliged to protect the rights of defendants, a determinant role was played by the Constitutional Court in such regards, therefore, this paper presents arguments how the Constitutional Court of Kosovo has become a guardian for protection of the rights of defendants, in compliance with the Jurisprudence of the ECtHR

Insurance Sector Development and its Effect on the Financial Markets in Developing Countries: The Case of Kosovo

The purpose of this paper is to extract the important factors in the nature of insurance companies and their direct role in the economic and financial system development. This market study aims to analyse the insurance system in Kosovo by determining and then analysing its structure, the degree of concentration of insurance companies on the insurance market, their behaviour towards price, number of participants, companies operating in this market and types of products and services they provide. Our analysis are gathered on statistical and qualitative data through the study of the theories on insurance market development in other countries. Furthermore, for the empirical analysis, we used secondary data from Central Bank of Kosovo, Insurance Companies and Association Insurance of Kosovo. Also, we conducted two surveys. First, we conducted a survey with finance managers from all insurance companies and secondary survey was in general, for people who work. This way we tried to get a better understanding of the issue at hand. The identification of these factors would enable insurance companies to design policies that tackle the demands of consumers for voluntary insurance policies and at the same time to contribute to financial stability of Kosovo’s economy. At the end we have to come out with conclusions on the main research question: Does Insurance Development affect the Financial Markets in developing countries? The expected outcome is that the insurance sector in Kosovo is an important factor for the further development of the financial system.

Teacher preparation reforms in Kosovo

Education is the key supporter of society, yet at the same time it is the main challenge to hu-manity and society. The need for change is incontestable in all fi elds, including that of education.Education in Kosovo has taken a long, challenging and extremely diffi cult journey. Such challenging situations are a result of the low level of economic and social development in Ko-sovo. Today, education in Kosovo is considered to have made signifi cant progress as a result of fundamental reforms of the education system towards standardization to the European Union education system.This paper aims to analyze the historical, political and economic infl uence on the edu-cation system in Kosovo in general and the teacher education in particular, on its course to-wards implementation of the objectives of the Bologna Process and integration into the Euro-pean Higher Education Area (EHEA).

Achieving a Flexible and Sustainable Energy System: The Case of Kosovo

In today’s energy system, the diffusion of renewable-based technologies is accelerating rapidly. Development of mechanisms that support the large-scale deployment of renewables towards global warming and climate change mitigation continues to remain an issue of utter importance. The most important challenges the energy system of Kosovo faces today is the difficulty to meet all the demand for electricity, low operating efficiency and high release of greenhouse gas emissions, but specifically a large source of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, this influences not only the stability of the system but the society as a whole. This paper addresses several possibilities for designing an adaptable energy system in Kosovo with the ability to balance electricity supply and demand which will meet the requirements for a more efficient, reliable and secure system. A new way of energy generating through integration of new renewable and non-renewable technologies is developed using the EnergyPLAN model. The system is based on available technologies: existing hydro, wind, photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power (CHP) and new solar thermal, heat pumps and biomass. The baseline scenario 2015 was expanded by four additional scenarios, two for the year 2030 and two for the year 2050. The contribution of renewable sources in the primary energy supply (PES) in the performed scenarios was 14.8%, 34.1%, 38.4%, 69.7% and 68.3% respectively. Further, a very important component of this paper is the investigation of integrating carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology in the coal-based power plant as part of the analysis in the second scenario for 2050. The shift to zero-carbon energy system in Kosovo requires additional research and assessment in order to identify the untapped potential of renewable sources. However, from the results obtained it can be concluded that the goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy system in Kosovo state which will meet its long-term energy needs can be certainly achieved.

JUVENILE JUSTICE: KOSOVO CASE

The paper evaluates policies and practices in juvenile justice from a comparative perspective. It is focused on an analysis of juvenile justice taking into account also work of prosecutors and the judges. In many states of Europe as well as in Kosovo there are developed strategies for reforms of the juvenile justice which have noted qualitative changes and with this, a distinct level of convergence between systems of European states is noted. By using the qualitative methodology and with the use of the method of comparative analysis and method of historical analysis, the authors will be focused on the historical development of the juvenile justice system in Kosovo, under the context of the development of this field in various states of Central and Eastern Europe. The findings and recommendations in this paper could enhance scholarly and institutional tackling of juvenile justice.

Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo


 The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of fiscal policy in Kosovo, comparing with the Western Balkan countries, in the trends of economic development, which are related to the international market, and how to achieve the objectives of the economy of Kosovo, penetrating the foreign market of local companies, using fiscal policy instruments. Data processing is performed using deductive-analytical methods, describing and comparing research findings by commercial companies, extracting data and comparing official reports of national and international institutions on the role of policies analyzed in the Western Balkan countries and in Kosovo, and the results of the research are based on these analyzes. Each sovereign state has its own fiscal policy operating within the financial system of that country, which also influences the development trends of international trade, the same applies to Kosovo and the Western Balkan countries, where this policy includes customs tax, VAT, tax in personal income, etc. The government of the country, through fiscal policy instruments, creates conditions for companies to be as present in the foreign market as possible with their products, which impacts on the overall economic development of the country. achieved. The paper provides insights into the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo, how fiscal policy affects the creation of conditions for foreign trade development, where is Kosovo's economy is in relation to the Western Balkan countries and what are the steps needed to improve it. The paper provides real data on the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo and its full role in the development of foreign trade in relation to the Western Balkan countries.

Study of factors influencing the decision to adopt the blockchain technology in real estate transactions in Kosovo

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore, from the view of buyers and sellers, the relationship between the blockchain technology and various important aspects of real estate transactions such as transparency, security and cost reduction.Design/methodology/approachThe present study uses a quantitative research method. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire with close-ended questions is used. The questionnaire was distributed to both buyers and sellers alike. The study included 1,000 people using the stratified probability sampling. The study uses factor analysis to analyze the relationship between the blockchain technology and other research variables such as such as transparency, security and cost reduction.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that the buyers and sellers perceive that the transparency and cost reduction have the highest influence on the intention to adopt blockchain technology in a real estate transactions system, followed by the security of transactions.Practical implicationsThe study has great implications for the real estate transactions system in Kosovo and society in general. The study shows that the blockchain technology can provide for a transparent and errorless interaction between buyers and sellers of real estate. Since smart contracts eliminate the need for third parties in real estate transactions, the cost of transactions shall be considerably reduced due to elimination of intermediaries and due to process speed and efficiency. Finally, the blockchain technology can increase the trust between parties and shall serve as a means to fight corruption and money laundering in real estate investments.Originality/valueThe study is the first quantitative study that studies the causal link between the blockchain technology and important aspects of real estate transactions system such as transparency, security and transaction costs.

Tax System and Rates in the Republic Of Kosovo and Their Comparison with the Balkan Countries

In order to understand the functioning of the tax system and tax rates, we have elaborated the issue and the importance of the state budget revenues creation. During the research, we have noticed that changes in tax rates, expansion of the taxable base, and creation of conditions for economic development which have been constantly changing in Kosovo and Balkan countries. Although the tax system in Kosovo is new, it is competitive not only in the region but even beyond it. In the new fiscal package of 2015, tax rates had changed. Personal Income Taxes have reduced some of the revenues, corporate taxation up to 10%, insurance companies 7% to 5%, VAT is applied with two tax rates 18% and 8%. Balkan states have significant differences in tax rates, but not in tax systems. In some taxes, high rates have already been set, while in some countries there are lower rates. It is characteristic and interesting that the tax systems of these countries have been constantly reformed, reducing tax rates and redefining the tax base.

MINORITY VETO RIGHTS IN KOSOVO’S DEMOCRACY

The political system of Kosovo belongs to the power sharing democracies. Indeed, it has all the characteristics of Consociational Democracy. In addition to that, minority veto rights are absolute and go above the aims of this type of democracy. As it is designed in current Constitutional arrangements, even a single word of Constitution can’t be changed without minorities’ vote. This is different from other Consociational Democracies, where minorities are entitled with selected veto power only regarding their vital interests, but they cannot block constitutional decision-making. Since Kosovo is among the youngest countries worldwide, this constitutional provision can be a heavy obstacle even in the state building efforts of majority. Therefore, in this article we will try to explain in depth this constitutional arrangement versus principles of sharing power systems and versus similar democracies in the region and wider. The doctrinal constitutional interpretation, descriptive and comparative methods are the main pillars of research methodology.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND EMPLOYING YOUNG PEOPLE

The governance system in Kosovo is separate from the central level of governance at the local level. But these two are interconnected. Therefore, considering the influence of local government in many different spheres, the purpose of this paper is to describe the role of local government in promoting entrepreneurship and the influence of entrepreneurship on youth employment. Initially this paper analyzes the support that local government provides to enterprises through various forms such as infrastructure, administrative procedures, various subsidies, and then employment of young people in these enterprises. The study included 500 enterprises of the Republic of Kosovo, where from the findings of this study we conclude that the local government has an average impact on the promotion of enterprises as it does not offer as much opportunity for enterprises due to limited competences in economic development. In addition, youth employment is low. The primary data collection is through the forms provided by Google, while data analysis is done with the SPSS program where the measurement of results is done with techniques like correlation Various statistical variables were identified from the variance analysis.

ANALYSIS OF THE PREMIUM TREND IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN KOSOVO 2013 - 2017

Kosovo continues to be one of the countries with the most undeveloped economy in the region and with negative measuring indicators of the economic development, high unemployment, a deep negative commercial balance, and non-favorable macro economical politics to guarantee a faster development trend, although it has marked a positive economical increase in recent years but too insufficient to weaken poverty and decrease the unemployment rate. The insurance sector participates with only 3% in the Kosovo financial sector, except for its very symbolic participation, this industry is characterized by a very low degree of development and the main motive is to analyze the very slow trend of industry development, to identify the causes and factors that have influenced this segment to be so underdeveloped and of a very symbolic weight in the Kosovo economy.The purpose of this paper is to explain the trend of insurance premiums on insurance industry in Kosovo, effect of foreign investments in this sector, also the positive implications in the competition in this market. The purpose of a study can be classified into two major categories; descriptive and explanatory.For our case study, I have collected primary data by conducting closed interviews. I have interviewed 10 senior risk underwriter managers from all companies present in the insurance industry in Kosovo. Methodology and data collection for our research paper it is based on case study method, analyzing trend of premiums through case study, we have collected also secondary data or archival records from Central Bank Kosovo from specific documents: official yearly annual reports, annual financial stability reports. This is based on the reasoning that this data archive consists of official information collected, processed and published by the central bank of Kosovo as the oversight body of the financial system in Kosovo. Other source of secondary data used it is annual reports published on websites of the Insurance Companies.In this paper I focused specifically on inquiring about the level of development of the insurance industry in Kosovo. I have also specifically explored and presented strategic orientation and detailed activities through which the premium structure in Kosovo could be changed in favor of voluntary insurance. Also another very important goal is the susceptibility of the relevant decision maker factors and the whole readers that the results of this analysis relevant findings to influence in order to sensitize the decision maker and readers for the situation and for the need of focus that this segment should be developed because it is one of the most important segments in the economies of developed countries or for an undeveloped country and economy that aims a strategic objective for a faster development.

Pilot study of an integrated care model using the geriatric assessment tool.

Older people with type2 diabetes mellitus often suffer from adverse medical and social conditions which are often unrecognized in routine care. Integrated care aims to address all these aspects and centers on the needs of the patient and not the disease. The Accessible Quality Healthcare project in Kosovo, is piloting an integrated care model for patients 65years and over with type2 diabetes mellitus, which also introduces comprehensive geriatric assessment and care planning. In this study two groups (1) acentral working group and (2) amultisectoral implementation group of health and social care professionals were established to develop ageriatric assessment form and an individual care plan form for this project. The groups decided to address the following problems in the geriatric assessment: activities of daily living, urinary incontinence, gait, balance, falls, depression, cognitive function, and frailty. The assessment is carried out by anurse and asocial worker in the living environment of the patient, and the individual care plan is drawn up jointly by adoctor, anurse, and asocial worker and includes (1) problems of the patient, (2) specific goals for each problem and (3) activities to reach the goals. This intervention is one of the first in the health system in Kosovo to implement integrated care in avery vulnerable population. Physical training will be an important tool to tackle many problems detected through the geriatric assessment and which are also associated with type2 diabetes mellitus.

LEVEL OF TOLERANCES BY CHANGING EMPLOYEES IN PRE-SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS IN KOSOVO

Pre-school education, early education and upbringing are a topic that re-emerges on the agenda of educational institutions in all countries. Pre-school education is an integral part of the unique education system in Kosovo, which is organized to function within nine years of education. Pre-school education in Kosovo aims to establish a legal basis for editing, improving and promoting and imroving upbringing at this level. The stated goal, but also all other goals of preschool education are regulated by law. In practice, the situation is different. That is why the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MONT) in Kosovo wants to introduce changes that are reflected in the implementation of the new curriculum and internal and external evaluation of schools. Therefore, the main subject of this work is the level of tolerance for changes in the staff in pre-school institutions in Kosovo. The aim of the research is to determine the level of tolerance for changes in employees in Kosovo pre-school institutions, whether it is private or state institucion. The data we will obtain with this research are essential for improving the process of upbringing and education at preschool level. In order to open up questions for further research, we consider it important to examine this area, and on the basis of the obtained results, help both the staff in pre-school institutions and all the leaders who are in charge of regulating the legal bases and regulations in Kosovo in order to improve the quality of teaching.

Analyses of Diabetes Data and its Data Analytics Perspectives of Usage in the Health System in Kosovo

Analyses of Diabetes Data and its Data Analytics Perspectives of Usage in the Health System in Kosovo

Challenges for Achieving Learning Outcomes of Languages and Communication Curriculum Area in Primary Education in Kosovo

The education system in Kosovo is in the phase of implementing the curricular reforms which aim at changing the teaching and learning approach. The new curriculum is a necessary innovation in pre-university education system and it has already started to be implemented in all schools in Kosovo, faces many difficulties, especially in achieving learning outcomes in some curricular areas. This research aims at analyzing the obstacles and challenges in achieving results in the Languages and Communication area and to recommend appropriate ways to facilitate its implementation. The representative group consists 75 teachers who work in five primary schools in Kosovo while the data is collected through a questionnaire for teachers. The research findings show that most teachers have sufficient knowledge and have positive attitude towards new curriculum. Challenges arising from this process are: insufficient knowledge of the new curriculum, inadequate cooperation among the teachers, lack of ICT and supporting materials in schools, difficulties in planning the learning results, and non-regular monitoring of teachers, textbook compliance with the principles and requirements of the new curriculum The development of competences and the improvement of results in this area can be achieved through changing educational policies as well as monitoring and accountability of teachers.

Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement

Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders - including through the electronic procurement expansion - are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving.

Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement

Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders – including through the electronic procurement expansion – are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving. Key words: public expenditures, value for money, bad management, procurement, electronic procurement.