ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel multi-objective optimization and sustainability analysis framework for an innovative solar-geothermal integrated system for power generation and water desalination. Harnessing renewable solar and geothermal energy, the system offers a sustainable solution for energy, water, and environmental challenges. Advanced thermodynamic modeling techniques, validated by industry simulations, accurately characterize system performance. Departing from conventional analyses, the research incorporates exergy-based economic and environmental assessments and the emergy concept to quantify the total available energy required, enabling a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. Through multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithms, the system’s design and operational parameters are optimized to enhance exergy efficiency, economic emergy performance, and environmental emergy performance simultaneously. The optimization framework considers turbine inlet conditions, pressures, and desalination configurations to identify optimal operating points balancing energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. Results demonstrate significant improvements of up to 23.49% in exergy efficiency, 25.97% in economic emergy performance, and 16.04% in environmental emergy performance compared to the baseline system. This study focuses on the multi-objective optimization of a novel solar-geothermal integrated system for synergistic power generation and water desalination. The methodology combines thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses to evaluate system performance. Key findings include a significant improvement in overall efficiency and sustainability compared to conventional systems, highlighting the potential for large-scale implementation.