Policy optimization for multi-variant COVID-19 pandemic under unequal isolation and booster shot.

Differential effects of antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota homeostasis and functional dynamics in a stable real-time simulated intestinal system.

Hydrodynamic drivers of circulation and exchange dynamics in large interconnected Lake Michigan-Huron system: Insights into mixing and transport processes.

Strong-field ionization exhibits rich ultrafast dynamics arising from intricate electron-field interactions. However, the role of spin-orbit coupling in the strong-field ionization of many-electron systems remains largely unexplored. Here, we develop a fully relativistic framework that combines a complex absorbing potential (CAP) with the exact two-component (X2C) real-time time-dependent density functional theory. We apply this approach to investigate the real-time strong-field dynamics of atomic krypton with a variational treatment of spin-orbit coupling. The CAP-X2C method captures the spin-orbit-resolved ionization-rate trends of the Kr 4p shell. Moreover, we uncover a previously inaccessible coherent population transfer channel between the 4p12 and 4p32 states, opened by spin-orbit coupling, which lifts the nonrelativistic symmetry restriction that forbids their mixing. This work provides a practical framework for exploring strong-field dynamics in systems where spin-orbit coupling plays a significant role.

Excited-state dynamics of open quantum systems is analyzed by the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) or the thermalized time-evolving density operator with orthogonal polynomials algorithm (T-TEDOPA) method when a discrete abinitio linear vibronic model is parameterized by continuous temperature-dependent spectral densities leading to crossed correlation functions, i.e., correlated fluctuations of the energy gap collective modes. We focus on a conical intersection involving two collective modes tuning the energy of each excited state, and we revisit the transformation of the initial correlated tuning baths to de-correlated shared baths in order to reduce the computational resources. While a completely frequency-dependent transformation poses problems for HEOM, we find that in some particular cases, an optimal approximate frequency-independent transformation may be derived. On the contrary, T-TEDOPA is very efficient and allows us to use this frequency-dependent transformation at the price of managing long-range couplings in the tensor chain. An illustrative application is shown by using the linear vibronic coupling model of a planar symmetrical (phenylethynyl)benzene dimer.

Model reduction and analysis: A case study of a malaria control model.

Coupled Analysis and Simulation of Safety Risks in Deep Foundation Pit Construction for Subway Stations Based on the N-K Model and System Dynamics

Exploring factors influencing open government data value realization in China: A mixed design using grounded theory, system dynamics, and questionnaire survey

How low-carbon power policies affect the green hydrogen industry? A case of China

Nonlinear dynamics of low frequency compact piezoelectric energy harvesting vibration system by a cucurbit flute-inspired beam with intelligent adjustable

Cysteine (Cys), an essential endogenous biothiol, plays crucial roles in cellular redox homeostasis, metabolic regulation, and detoxification. Abnormal Cys fluctuations are closely associated with various pathological processes, including liver injury. Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and stress responses and are highly relevant to hepatic injury progression. Thus, fluorescent probes capable of both lipid droplet localization and Cys-specific recognition are valuable tools for visualizing Cys fluctuations in drug-induced liver injury-related microenvironments. Herein, a diphenylamine-modified fluorescent probe, BDC, was designed and synthesized for selective Cys imaging. By tuning the electron-donating unit, the response pattern of BDC toward biothiols was regulated, enabling selective recognition of Cys. Spectroscopic investigations showed that BDC displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement toward Cys, together with good selectivity, anti-interference ability, sensitivity, photostability, and suitable pH adaptability. Bioimaging experiments demonstrated that BDC could effectively visualize endogenous and exogenous Cys in living cells and showed favorable lipid droplet localization. Moreover, BDC was successfully applied to monitor Cys fluctuations in zebrafish and an APAP-induced liver injury model. This work provides a practical molecular tool for visualizing Cys dynamics in drug-induced liver injury-related biological systems.

Spatio-temporal dynamics for evolution systems with asymptotic translation invariance

Impact of magnetic fields on polaron dynamics in low-dimensional systems

The Alvra experimental station at the Swiss X-ray free-electron laser, SwissFEL, investigates ultrafast dynamics in chemical and biological systems using X-ray scattering and spectroscopy techniques. A key feature of Alvra is its unique capability to perform time-resolved X-ray emission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in the tender X-ray regime, currently not available at other XFEL endstations, combined with simultaneous access to X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray solution scattering. Together with sub-35 fs time resolution enabled by advanced timing diagnostics, this positions Alvra as a versatile instrument for ultrafast chemical dynamics in the liquid phase. Here we cover the various technical aspects of the beamline and experimental station, and present some examples of experimental results measured during the first years of SwissFEL commissioning and user operation.

Higher-order interactions (HOIs) are widely predicted to promote coexistence, yet the underlying ecological mechanisms behind this effect remain largely unexplored in natural communities. Here, we integrate natural history and theory to show how HOIs can restructure competitive networks and influence coexistence. With over 2 years of data on a tropical ant community, we estimate pairwise competitive interactions and demonstrate that, in isolation, they fail to recreate observed community dynamics. We find that inclusion of an HOI, imposed by a parasitoid of the dominant species, can theoretically reorganize competitive networks to mirror the dynamics of the empirical system. We demonstrate how temporal variation in HOIs forces the community between dominance regimes and that the interregnum between regimes is riddled with competitive intransitivities that promote coexistence. This work provides an empirical example of the ecological mechanisms behind the coexistence-promoting effects of HOIs and suggests that HOIs and intransitivity, which are typically treated separately, can be mechanistically linked through the rewiring of species interactions.

This paper develops a guidance control law based on a parametric guiding vector field (GVF) and integrates it with a state-of-the-art acceleration and attitude control architecture for tailsitters. The resulting framework enables a direct comparison between traditional trajectory-tracking guidance and GVF-based path-following guidance using a realistic tailsitter model operating under windy conditions. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that for agile flight scenarios with wind and small initial position error, both guidance strategies achieve comparable tracking performance, indicating that the additional complexity introduced by the GVF formulation is not always justified. However, the GVF-based approach exhibits an advantage when initial deviation from the path is present, yielding smooth and well-behaved convergence toward the desired path. Two additional contributions support this evaluation. First, a modification of the parametric GVF is proposed that guarantees exponential stability of the tracking error dynamics for a single-integrator system. Second, the differential flatness transform of a tailsitter vehicle is extended to account for explicit knowledge of the wind velocity vector.

Spatiotemporal dynamics in a diffusive eco-epidemiological system with spatial memory and fear effect

Stochastic dynamics of a bistable vibration energy harvesting system with bilateral barriers

Reduced-order modeling of near-wellbore cooling dynamics in closed-loop advanced geothermal systems for heat extraction

Multi-material simulation of chamber dynamics in inertial fusion energy systems using PulseFoam