A massive global health disaster caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has harmed millions of people and resulted in severe suffering and mortality. Since the COVID-19 epidemic, research into mRNA vaccines and therapies has expanded. To achieve disease preventive and treatment goals, mRNA vaccines entail injecting a synthetic mRNA sequence encoding protein antigen into the human body, instructing the body to express the right protein, and prompting the body to evoke a specific immune response. As a result, efforts have been launched around the world to develop a vaccine that can protect against the virus and halt its spread. The mode of action and effects of the novel coronavirus will be examined in this essay. The background, literature review, and research progress, motivation and research framework, case study, and influence on the human body will all be covered in the article. All of these are predicated on the mRNA relationship. Finally, the article will include a conclusion that summarizes the findings of the study as well as its limitations and future prospects.