Synthesis Of CeO2 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Optimized Ammonia-Sensing Electrode with CeO2/rGO Nano-Composite Coating Synthesized by Focused Laser Ablation in Liquid.

This study investigated the synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and composites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the enhanced electrochemical sensing of ammonia. CeO2 NPs were prepared by the focused laser ablation in liquid (LAL) method, which enabled the production of high-purity, spherical nanoparticles with a uniform dispersion and sizes under 50 nm in a short time. The effects of varying irradiation fluence and time on the nanoparticle size, production yield, and dispersion were systematically studied. The synthesized CeO2 NPs were doped with rGO to form CeO2/rGO composites, which were drop casted to modify the glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The CeO2/rGO-GCE electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical properties compared with single-component electrodes, which demonstrated the significant potential for ammonia detection, especially at a 4 J/cm2 fluence. The CeO2/rGO composites showed uniformly dispersed CeO2 NPs between the rGO sheets, which enhanced the conductivity, as confirmed by SEM, EDS mapping, and XRD analysis. Cyclic voltammetry data demonstrated superior electrochemical activity of the CeO2/rGO composite electrodes, with the 2rGO/1CeO2 ratio showing the highest current response and sensitivity. The CV response to varying ammonia concentrations exhibited a linear relationship, indicating the electrode's capability for accurate quantification. These findings highlight the effectiveness of focused laser ablation in enhancing nanoparticle synthesis and the promising synergistic effects of CeO2 and rGO in developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.

Enhanced cytotoxic efficacy against MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines and high-performance cefoperazone removal using biogenically synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles

The biosynthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles “CeO2 NPs” using an aqueous Echinacea purpurea leaf extract (EP) was conducted. EP extract is a great source of organic compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, with high antioxidant activity, providing a high degree of stabilizing and capping for the formed CeO2 NPs. Physicochemical and related morphological properties of the as-biosynthesized CeO2 NPs were explored using diverse analytical techniques. Results showed that the as-prepared CeO2 NPs were crystalline pure spherical with a cubic system, with an average crystallite size of 10.8nm as determined by XRD, and an average particle size of 12.3 nm as determined via TEM. A large surface area of 100.3 m²/g with a monodispersed phase with a crystallinity index of 1.2 was achieved. Moderate stability with Zeta potential of -27.8 ± 0.20 mV and PDI 0.126 ± 0.031 were illustrated. The cytotoxicity of the as-biosynthesized CeO2 NPs against two types of cell lines, MCF7 and HCT116 was studied, showing promising impacts where the IC50 values for MCF7 and HCT116 were found to be 78.5 and 128.8 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption technique of the as-prepared CeO2 NPs was studied for the removal of cefoperazone. The study demonstrated that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isothermal model with a maximum loading capacity of 201.4 mg/g and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the as-biosynthesized CeO2 NPs have promising potential as an anticancer agent and for pharmaceutical wastewater remediation. Also, Cefo@CeO2 NPs were carefully prepared after the determination of the optimum adsorption conditions. Antibacterial activity for both the as-prepared CeO2 NPs and Cefo@CeO2 NPs against gram-positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia, E. coli, and S. typhimurium) bacteria was conducted. Cefo@CeO2 NPs exhibited a dose-dependent response, with significant synergistic effects reaching 76 % and 82 %-fold increase for P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia respectively, indicating promising potential for combating bacterial infections.

Assessment of heavy oil recovery mechanisms using in-situ synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles

This project investigated the impact of low-temperature, in-situ synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles on various aspects of oil recovery mechanisms, including changes in oil viscosity, alterations in reservoir rock wettability, and the resulting oil recovery factor. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a microemulsion procedure and subjected to various characterization analyses. Subsequently, these synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and injected into a glass micromodel, both in-situ and ex-situ, to evaluate their effectiveness. The study also examined the movement of the injected fluid within the porous media. The results revealed that the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a remarkable capability at low temperatures to reduce crude oil viscosity by 28% and to lighten the oil. Furthermore, the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles to the base fluid (water) led to a shift in the wettability of the porous medium, resulting in a significant reduction in the oil drop angle from 140° to 20°. Even a minimal presence of CeO2 nanoparticles (0.1 wt%) in water increased the oil production factor from 29 to 42%. This enhancement became even more pronounced at a concentration of 0.5 wt%, where the oil production factor reached 56%. Finally, it was found that the in-situ injection, involving the direct synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles within the reservoir using precursor salts solution and reservoir energy, led to an 11% enhancement in oil production efficiency compared to the ex-situ injection scenario, where the nanofluid is prepared outside the reservoir and then injected into it.

Terminalia catappa leaf extract mediated eco-friendly synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles

Recently, the synthesis of nanomaterials using a green approach has been extensively carried out to lessen the environmental issues caused by chemical methods. This paper presents an eco-friendly synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) employing Terminalia catappa leaf extract. Using a FESEM with energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), the morphology and elemental composition of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were assessed. UV–visible spectra of the green synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 320 nm. The nanoparticles were also characterized through XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy. By using dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, the hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were ascertained. Additionally, bacterial strains were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The biosynthesized nanoparticles can be utilized in drug delivery, wound healing, and catalytic applications. Furthermore, the green synthesis method will reduce the environmental concern over the chemically synthesized nanoparticles.

Synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles from hemp leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antibacterial, anticancer and enzymatic activities

With the development of technology, many studies continue on nanotechnological material synthesis and the development of synthesis methods. In metal/metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis, apart from classical synthesis methods such as chemical and physical, “green synthesis” represents the latest research used in nanotechnology. In this study, CeO2 metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from the waste leaves of Cannabis sativa L., popularly known as cannabis, using the “green synthesis” method, characterized by various methods, and research was conducted on its antibacterial, anticancer, and enzymatic effects. According to XRD result, the average crystallite size of CeO2 NPs was calculated as 52 nm due to analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images showed that the nanoparticles had angular structures and ranged in size from 49 to 68 nm. It was informed that the nanoparticles obtained by EDX analysis had 35.66 % O and 54.56 % Ce content. The cytotoxic effect of CeO2 NP was evaluated in human breast cancer cells and human mammary epithelial cells. Accordingly, CeO2 NP had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and the cytotoxic effects of CeO2 NP were higher against breast cancer cells than normal epithelial cells. The CeO2 NP has an IC50 value of 2.789 ± 0.44 mg/mL against AChE. According to antibacterial analysis, the CeO2 NP adversely affects all tested microorganisms. Especially it demonstrated bactericidal activity against E. coli at 500 µg/mL.

Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nano Particles using <i>Perioria pinnatum</i> Leaf Extract and Its Applications

The biogenic method of synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is the recent advances development in nanotechnology, and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), in particular, are advantageous due to their remarkable properties. In this report, we discuss the results of Cerium oxide NPs synthesized by solution-combustion method using “Perioria pinnatum” leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The structurally spherical shaped CeO2 NPs with 12 nm crystal size were synthesized and further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. XRD pattern confirmed the formation of CeO2 NPs with FCC structure. Further, green synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were assessed for their in-vitro antioxidant activity, visible light-induced dye degradation property against methylene blue, and in electrical cells modified with CeO2 NPs that could electrochemically sense Dopamine (DA) up to 11 µM.

Optimization of Azadirachta indica leaf extract mediated cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesis, characterization, and its applications

The present study focuses on the novel synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles from cerium nitrate hexahydrate by using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract. The parameters associated with the green synthesis process were optimized utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) paired with the genetic algorithm (GA) to produce a higher yield rate. The experiment run order for the CeO2 green synthesis is then generated using the central composite design in RSM. The regression equation was used as an optimization function, and the optimal values were identified through GA. Using optimized input process parameters, 0.3 g/10 mL of precursor concentration and 5 mL of Azadirachta indica leaf extract centrifuged for 20 min in the green synthesis process resulted in a maximum yield of 15.49 % CeO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), particle size distribution, and zeta potential analyses, which are used to ensure their presence in the green synthesis process. Subsequently, the green synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles are dosed as an additive to the cotton seed biodiesel (CSB) at different proportions of 25, 50, and 75 ppm, respectively. The prepared biofuel's physico-chemical properties were measured as per ASTM standards and are closer to the diesel fuel. As a result, it was noted that optimizing the green synthesis process parameters gives a maximum rate of CeO2 yield. It is possible to efficiently use the CSB with CeO2 nanoparticles as a suitable replacement for diesel fuel.

Effect of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles on fungal disease of wheat plants: A field study

Recently, there has been considerable attention towards the production of environmentally friendly nanoparticles (NPs). In this investigation, the successful synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) was achieved by employing an eco-friendly technique that utilized an extract from the leaves of local plant quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.). The synthesized CeO2 NPs were subjected to characterization using state-of-the-art methods. The prepared CeO2 NPs contained a round shape with clusters and have a size of 7–10 nm. To assess how effective CeO2 NPs derived from C. quinoa were against Ustilago tritici, a fungal disease that negatively affects wheat crop globally, a study was performed on two varieties of wheat crop comprised of Arooj (V1) and Akber (V2), cultivated under field conditions. CeO2 NPs were applied foliarly twice to the wheat crop at four different concentrations: T0 (0 mg/L), T1 (50 mg/L), T2 (75 mg/L), and T3 (100 mg/L). The results revealed that the control group (T0) exhibited the highest disease severity index (DSI) with a value of 75% compared to the other concentrations of CeO2 NPs on both varieties. At a concentration of 100 mg/L of CeO2 NPs, the DSI dropped to a minimum of 35% and 37% on both V1 and V2 respectively. These findings indicated that an increase in the concentration of CeO2 NPs has a beneficial impact on disease severity. Similar patterns have also been observed with disease incidence (DI), with the greatest efficacy observed at a concentration of 100 mg/L of CeO2 NPs. Our investigation has shown that CeO2 NPs exhibitd significant antifungal potential against U. tritici which may be a promising strategy to mitigate fungal disease and crop losses globally.

Super Hygroscopic Non‐Stoichiometric Cerium Oxide Particles as Electrode Component for PEM Fuel Cells

AbstractThe design of highly efficient promoters for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important challenge in the large‐scale distribution of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Hygroscopic cerium oxide (CeO2) is here proposed as co‐catalyst in combination with Pt. Physical chemical characterizations, by means of X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, morphological and thermal analyses, were carried out, demonstrating high water affinity of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles. Composite catalysts (i. e., Pt : CeO2 1 : 0.5 and 1 : 1 wt:wt), were studied by either rotating disk electrode (RDE) and fuel cell tests performed at 80 °C and 110 °C. Interestingly, the cell adopting the Pt : CeO2 1 : 0.5 catalyst enabled the achievement of high power densities reaching ∼80 and ∼35 mW cm−2 under low relative humidity and high temperatures. This result demonstrates that tuning material surface properties (e. g. oxygen vacancies) could significantly boost the electrochemical performance of cathodes as a combined result of optimized water retention and improved ORR kinetic.

Synthesis of ceria nanoparticles for the catalytic activity of cyclohexene epoxidation and selective detection of nitrite

Based on a few noteworthy features, cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained significance in nanotechnology. The effective microwave combustion method (MCM) and the conventional sol–gel (CRSGM) technologies are used in this study to successfully generate the crystalline CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical methods, the synthesized CeO2 NPs are examined to assess to understand their structure and morphology. The XRD patterns of CeO2 NPs show that the structure exhibits a face-centered cubic lattice. Then, with demonstrated good conversion and selectivity, the impact of the epoxidation reaction of cyclohexene was examined. Finally, it can be said that using CeO2 nanoparticles is an efficient strategy to increase the catalytic activity toward the epoxidation reaction of cyclohexene. In the presence of acetonitrile as a solvent and H2O2 as an oxidant, the catalyst samples utilized in the cyclohexene epoxidation reaction were examined. In this study, the CeO2 catalyst outperformed all other catalysts in terms of cyclohexene maximal conversion and selectivity. After six prolonged cycles, the conversion of cyclohexene oxidation using CeO2 NPs shows reasonable recyclability and conversion efficiency, making it the best catalyst for an industrial production application.Additionally, the upgraded CeO2 nanoparticle electrode for nitrite detection has a linear concentration range (0.02–1200 M), a low detection limit (0.22 M), and a higher sensitivity (1.735 A M−1 cm−2). CeO2 NPs, on the other hand, have a quick response time, excellent sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, the manufactured electrode is used to find nitrite in various water samples. Finally, it can be said that using CeO2 NPs is an efficient strategy to increase the catalytic activity toward cyclohexene oxidation and nitrite.

A systematic study on synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles by various routes

Cerium oxide (CeO2), also known as, ceria, is a well-known n-type semiconductor material. It finds potential roles in various field applications such as catalysis, sensing and antibacterial. It is widely used as a photocatalyst for treatment of waste water pollutants, because of the variable oxidation state of cerium i.e. +3, and +4. Many reports are available in literature which deals with the synthesis and properties of CeO2. The properties of CeO2 are highly dependent on the synthesis conditions such as precursors, additives, calcination temperature and type of synthesis route. In this review article, synthesis of CeO2 by various chemical routes are discussed in detail.

Efficient adsorption and antimicrobial application of bio-synthesized porous CeO2 nanoparticles

The present research demonstrates the green synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using the Acacia Concinna fruit extract by sol–gel route. The synthesized CeO2 NPs are applied for the adsorptive removal of Reactive Blue (RB) azo dye and antimicrobial activities. The CeO2 NPs are characterized using different techniques e.g. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–vis Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman Spectroscopy, etc. The structural investigations (XRD) reveal the single-phase cubic fluorite-type structure of CeO2 with 22.7 nm of crystallite size. The spectral analysis (FTIR) shows a strong vibration band below 849 cm−1 owing to Ce-O-Ce stretching vibrations. A porous network-like morphology of the CeO2 NPs is observed by SEM, where HR-TEM micrographs reveal that the nanoparticles are roughly spherical in nature. Raman spectroscopy confirms the vibrational mode of the cubic fluorite type structure of CeO2 NPs at 462 cm−1. The maximum loading capacity of CeO2 NPS is 188.67 mg/g. The antibacterial activity of the CeO2 NPs is evaluated against S. pneumoniae and E.coli, which shows 96.17 % and 96.89 % growth inhibition at 20 mg/l.

Papaya (Carica papaya) leaves extract based synthesis, characterizations and antimicrobial activities of CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs)

The synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Papaya (Carica papaya) leaves extract was demonstrated in this study. The main components of Carica papaya leaves extracts were investigated through different phytochemical tests. These tests have been indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, glycosides, and saponins in the extract. These secondary metabolites assist in the capping, stabilization, and reduction of metal oxide-based nanoparticles. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize CeO2 NPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of O-H, C = O, C-O, Ce-O, Ce-C, etc. on the surface of green synthesized CeO2 NPs. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of biologically synthesized CeO2 NPs were investigated using well diffusion method. For Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger, the zones of inhibition around the CeO2 NPs were 34, 28, 38, 44, 36, and 34 mm, respectively.

Low-temperature in-situ synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles applicable in EOR processes: parametric study by Taguchi approach

In-situ synthesis of nanoparticles is a new approach to use nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. This method synthesizes the nanomaterial under reservoir conditions and uses the reservoir's energy, which has several advantages over synthesizing these particles out of the reservoir and then injecting them into the reservoir by a dispersing fluid. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have very high surface energy and a very suitable catalytic property for absorbing organic substances (like crude oil) and breaking their molecules. These features can help the nanoparticles to be used in the EOR processes to recover more upgraded crude oil in heavy oil reservoirs. For the first time, this study synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles at low temperatures in crude oil as the reaction medium. Then, the Taguchi method was used to study the effects of different parameters on the size and quality of these materials. Various parameters such as pH, temperature, precursor salt concentration, and stirring time of the solution were selected to plan a design of experiment (DOE) project. Nanoparticle identification tests such as FTIR, XRD, and FESEM analyses determined nanoparticle crystalline properties, shape, morphology, and size. The results showed that high-quality CeO2 nanoparticles were produced in petroleum fluid using this study's proposed synthesis method. These nanoparticles have a spherical shape with sizes varying from 17 to 31 nm. Temperature had the most significant effect, and solution stirring time had the least impact on the crystal size of the CeO2 nanoparticles. Finally, the optimal conditions for synthesizing in-situ CeO2 nanoparticles were a combination of the temperature of 65 °C, pH of 10, the molarity of 0.55, and stirring time of 4 h.

Sorption Profile of Low Specific Activity 99Mo on Nanoceria-Based Sorbents for the Development of 99mTc Generators: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies.

99Mo/99mTc generators play a significant role in supplying 99mTc for diagnostic interventions in nuclear medicine. However, the applicability of using low specific activity (LSA) 99Mo asks for sorbents with high sorption capacity. Herein, this study aims to evaluate the sorption behavior of LSA 99Mo towards several CeO2 nano-sorbents developed in our laboratory. These nanomaterials were prepared by wet chemical precipitation (CP) and hydrothermal (HT) approaches. Then, they were characterized using XRD, BET, FE-SEM, and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, we evaluated the sorption profile of carrier-added (CA) 99Mo onto each material under different experimental parameters. These parameters include pH, initial concentration of molybdate solution, contact time, and temperature. Furthermore, the maximum sorption capacities were evaluated. The results reveal that out of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) materials, the sorption capacity of HT-1 and CP-2 reach 192 ± 10 and 184 ± 12 mg Mo·g–1, respectively. For both materials, the sorption kinetics and isotherm data agree with the Elovich and Freundlich models, respectively. Moreover, the diffusion study demonstrates that the sorption processes can be described by pore diffusion (for HT-synthesis route 1) and film diffusion (for CP-synthesis route 2). Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the Mo sorption onto both materials is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Consequently, it appears that HT-1 and CP-2 have favorable sorption profiles and high sorption capacities for CA-99Mo. Therefore, they are potential candidates for producing a 99Mo/99mTc radionuclide generator by using LSA 99Mo.

Efficient Application of Green Synthesized CeO2 Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Selenoester Derivatives of Protected Amino Acids and Production of Biodiesel from Annona squamosa Oil

Efficient Application of Green Synthesized CeO2 Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Selenoester Derivatives of Protected Amino Acids and Production of Biodiesel from Annona squamosa Oil

Antibacterial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles against ESKAPE Pathogens

We studied the antimicrobial characteristics of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The versatile characterization techniques were employed to study the CeO2 nanoparticle structural and optical properties. These techniques included field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction and Raman studies validated the cubic structure of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles with average diameters ~3–5 nm. The antibacterial activities and minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of CeO2 nanoparticles were tested against ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.). Our data revealed that CeO2 nanoparticles at a concentration of 50 µg/mL generated a maximum inhibition zone against all tested pathogens. However, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae exhibited the higher sensitivity, while E. cloacae, E. faecium, and A. baumannii were the least sensitive to CeO2 nanoparticles. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CeO2 nanoparticles possess an effective antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens and may be used as a potential bionanomaterial for in vivo therapeutic applications.

Facile co-precipitation thermal degradation synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Facile co-precipitation thermal degradation synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

The applications of cerium oxide nanoform and its ecotoxicity in the aquatic environment: an updated insight

The widespread usage of nanotechnology in many essential products has raised concerns about the possible release of nanoparticles (NPs) into aquatic habitats. Cerium dioxide (CeO2) has gained the most interest in the worldwide nanotechnology industry of all types of Ce minerals owing to its beneficial uses in a wide range of industry practices such as catalysts, sunscreens, fuel additives, fuel cells, and biomedicine. Besides, it was realized that CeO2 nanoparticles (n-CeO2) have multi-enzyme synthesized properties that create various biological impacts, such as effectively antioxidant towards almost all irritant intracellular reactive oxygen species. Lately, it was discovered that a large amount of n-CeO2 from untreated industrial waste could be released into the aquatic environment and affect all living organisms. In addition, the physical/chemical characteristics, fate, and bioavailability of nanomaterials in the aquatic environment were discovered to be related to the synthesis technique. Thus, there are intended needs in identifying the optimal technique of synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles in order to assess their beneficial use or their potential ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms and humans. Therefore, this review sheds light on the possible threats of n-CeO2 to aquatic creatures as well as its synthesized techniques. Also, it discusses the possible mechanism of n-CeO2 toxicity as well as their potential benefits in the aquaculture industry.

Synthesis and toxicity assessment of environment friendly high yield ceria nanoparticles for biosafety

Different compounds at nanoscale level show more efficient behavior because of increased surface area and optical properties. CeO2 nanoparticles are of great importance for their unique properties. However, the extensive release of CeO2 nanoparticles in the environment is also a serious problem that must be addressed as available data related to ceria toxicity is currently not comprehensive. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of CeO2 nanoparticles in biomedical applications and assessment of their toxicity by using mutagenic and acute in-vivo approaches. High yield CeO2 nanoparticles with spherical morphology and with an average size of 40 nm were synthesized by adopting the alkaline fusion method under mild conditions. The synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity at different concentrations (50–500 µg/mL) against E. coli. The antioxidant properties of CeO2 nanoparticles were determined, and CeO2 nanoparticles show antioxidant behavior that may be helpful for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug preparation. Ames test confirms no mutagenicity at different concentrations of CeO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, in the current study CeO2 nanoparticles showed no toxicity for aquatic life even at a concentration of 100 mg/L in the same way the in-vivo toxicology was not evident even at the highest concentration (≥5000 mg/kg BW for rats), no significant change was observed in hematological and biochemical parameters of control and CeO2nanoparticles exposed rats. In-vivo dermal toxicity was not observed in rabbits at the application of 0.5 g CeO2 nanoparticles. These results indicate the nontoxic nature of these nanomaterials. However, further experimentation is recommended to completely define the toxic potential of the nanomaterials.