Synthesis Of Titania Research Articles

Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Development and applications

Wastewater from pharmaceutical industries contains different antibiotics and other effluents that directly affect the environment. For the degradation of antibiotics, nanotechnology is an emerging field in research that majorly focuses on molecules and atoms. Nanoparticles are fine micro-particles with more than one dimension from a size of 1–100 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles can directly be used for the process of degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are majorly used among nanoparticles due to their small surface area and particle size. There are various physical, chemical and conventional (biological) methods for synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly, less expensive and harmless approach, and these methods are much more efficient than any other physical-chemical means. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used for different purposes. In food products, these nanoparticles act as photocatalysts and are also used as a coating material in food packaging. Electrochemical biosensors are combined with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for developing nano sheet matrices. Furthermore, this review describes the usage of biological components (plants, microorganisms like fungi and bacteria) to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The present review also focuses on applying synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in various drug delivery systems and other bioactivities. • Explored green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by various approaches. • Different types of nanoparticles along with applications are described. • Diverse characterization of synthesized nanoparticles are discussed. • Importance of biological synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are surveyed.

Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Ruminants and Studying the Effect of Novel Green Synthetized Nanoparticles as One of the Alternative Treatments.

Mastitis is an important disease in dairy animals worldwide. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of clinical and subclinical intramammary infections. In the current study, we isolated bacteria from 150 mastitic milk samples. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the methicillin resistance genes in S. aureus to detect the occurrence of MRSA isolates. Green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Artemisia herb Alba (A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs). The antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was evaluated (in vitro and in vivo) against collected MRSA isolates using the disc diffusion method and SPF rats. Out of 150 mastitic milk samples, the frequency of S. aureus was 38 (25.3%), that of E. coli was 45 (30%), that of Klebsiella spp. Was 7 (4.7%), and that of Streptococcus spp. Was 11 (7.3%). Among 38 positive isolates of S. aureus, MRSA was 16 (42.1%) by antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) and 14 (38.8%) by multiplex PCR. The MRSA isolates were shown to have 100% resistance to penicillin and methicillin, 87.5% resistance to gentamicin, 50% resistance to cefoxitin and amoxicillin, and 75% resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin/sublactam with low resistance against erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin by AST, respectively. A. herb Alba TiO2 NP formation was observed by changing the colour from white to dark green. The UV spectrum revealed absorbance peaks at 240-250 nm, and their sizes ranged from 42-66 nm and 11 to 45 nm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ‏A. herb Alba TiO2 NP suspensions were evaluated against MRSA, with the highest zone of inhibition (43 ± 0.45 mm) at a concentration of 40 μg/ml. Hematological parameters and histological examination after oral administration of 20 mg/kg of A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs indicated that A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs can be used as a new antimicrobial against resistant bacteria (MRSA) with consideration of the dose and methods of synthesis of plant-based compounds.

Photocatalytic Synthesis of Quinazolinone Derivatives as Mediated by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles Greenly Synthesised via Citrus limon Juice

In this study, we focused on the ultrasonic synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via a green chemistry process using Citrus limon (lemon) juice. XRD diffractograms and Raman spectroscopy revealed the anatase structure of TiO2, SEM analysis showed nanometric particle sizes, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the synthesized nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of the biosynthesised nanoparticles was evaluated for the synthesis of sulphur-substituted quinazolinone derivatives under UV irradiation. The final products were achieved in 6–8 h with good yields (79–91%).

Potential Role of ‘Green’ Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Photocatalytic Applications

Environmental sustainability is the cornerstone of the development of nanotechnology in today’s time. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) based on green chemistry widely promotes this concept by minimizing the use of toxic precursors. Herein, the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs is reported using Origanum majorana extract. The mode of synthesis is facile, eco-friendly, economically, applicable, and rapid. The constituent phytochemicals of the extract responsible for the formation of the nanocatalysts were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, X-ray diffraction, particle size measurements, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanocatalysts. Moreover, the ability of TiO2 NPs to degrade rhodamine B dye under UV irradiation was also investigated. The key findings showed the marked photocatalytic property of the synthesized green TiO2 NPs, which could be potentially incorporated as a nanoscale technique in the process of water purification for human use.

Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract: In Vitro Characterization and Its Healing Efficacy in Diabetic Wounds.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired glucose metabolism. Overproduction of free radicals due to chronic hyperglycemia may cause oxidative stress, which delays wound healing in diabetic conditions. For people with diabetes, this impeded wound healing is one of the predominant reasons for mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to develop an Ocimum sanctum leaf extract-mediated green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and further incorporate them into 2% chitosan (CS) gel for diabetic wound healing. UV-visible spectrum analysis recorded the sharp peak at 235 and 320 nm, and this was the preliminary sign for the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs. The FTIR analysis was used to perform a qualitative validation of the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD analysis indicated the crystallinity of TiO2 NPs in anatase form. Microscopic investigation revealed that TiO2 NPs were spherical and polygonal in shape, with sizes ranging from 75 to 123 nm. The EDX analysis of green synthesized NPs showed the presence of TiO2 NPs, demonstrating the peak of titanium ion and oxygen. The hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the TiO2 NPs were found to be 130.3 nm and 0.237, respectively. The developed TiO2 NPs containing CS gel exhibited the desired thixotropic properties with pseudoplastic behavior. In vivo wound healing studies and histopathological investigations of healed wounds demonstrated the excellent wound-healing efficacy of TiO2 NPs containing CS gel in diabetic rats.

Dual laser ablation process assisted the synthesis of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles embedded in chitosan for electrical applications

Nanosecond laser ablation was used to prepare and develop chitosan (Cs) with both TiO2 nanoparticles and Cs/TiO2 various contents of graphene oxide (GO) to improve the characterization of the Cs/TiO2-GO nanocomposites. The XRD peaks were indexed according to the typical anatase with a tetragonal structure of TiO2. No peaks were observed in GO demonstrating that GO was destructed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the crystalline regions in chitosan. Scherer's formula estimated the mean particle size (nearly 26 ± 4 nm). The major bands of chitosan and TiO2 were detected in FT-IR spectra. After the addition of GO, the IR spectra were similar because of the superposition of the carbon bands shared between GO and chitosan. Maxwell-Wagner model was used to explain the causes of the higher values of dielectric loss (ε′′), and dielectric loss (ε′′). The increase in the value of tan δ in low frequencies region was because of the ohmic elements' predominance in the nanocomposites samples' capacitive nature. The tan δ increases with raising frequencies and then gradually decreases. The Cole-Cole diagram illustrates a half-circle shape that describes contact effects and Debye model relaxation approach.

Antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities potential of Coleus aromaticus synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles

The nanoparticles based drug delivery and treatment related research has been increased significantly in the recent years. Hence, the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity potential of pre synthesized and characterized Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were investigated in this study through respective standard protocols. Interestingly, the obtained results revealed that TiO2 NPs have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens such as E. coli, P.mirabilis, V. cholerae, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus at 100 μg mL−1 concentration. Furthermore, these TiO2 NPs showed remarkable antifungal activity against aspergillosis causing fungal pathogens such as A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, and A. flavus at 100 μg mL−1 concentration. α-glucosidase. This TiO2 NPs also effectively inhibit the α-amylase (17%) and α-Glucosidase (37%) enzyme activity at 100 μg mL−1 dosage. The DPPH assay revealed that TiO2 NPs effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals by up to 89% at 100 μg mL−1 concentration, which was comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (96%). These results suggest that the plant-based TiO2 NPs have remarkable in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. These may be considered for additional in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to assess their potential biomedical applications.

Synthesis of titanium phosphate/polypyrrole nanocomposites for removal of methyl orange from water

AbstractIn this paper, titanium (IV) phosphate (TiP), polypyrrole (PPy), and titanium (IV) phosphate‐polypyrrole (TiP/PPy) nanocomposites were synthesized for adsorption of methyl orange (MO) dye from water. X‐ray diffraction data showed the formation of pure samples with crystallite size 14.1 and 14.2 nm of TiP and TiP/PPy nanocomposite respectively. The specific surface area of TiP (77.127 m2 g−1) was higher than PPy (17.004 m2 g−1) and TiP/PPy nanocomposite (25.247 m2 g−1). The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) was found to be 9.801 and 30.69 mg g−1 for PPy and TiP/PPy nanocomposite respectively. The Langmuir model was successfully fitted, and the TiP/PPy nanocomposite (69.4 mg g−1) had a greater maximum adsorption capacity (qm) than PPy (51.9 mg g−1). The MO adsorption removal efficiency was dependent on the pH of the solution and was found to be 86.7% and 30.7% for TiP/PPy nanocomposite and PPy respectively at pH 4. Thermodynamics studied confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The presence of common ions decreased MO adsorption capacity and the maximum decrease was found for sodium carbonate. Electrostatic interaction, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding were responsible for adsorption of MO dye on the TiP/PPy nanocomposite and PPy.

Hydrothermal assisted eco-benign synthesis of novel β-galactosidase mediated Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (β-gal-TiO2 NPs): Ultra efficient nanocatalyst for methylene blue degradation, inactivation of bacteria, and stabilization of DPPH radicals

Water purification is a universal challenge and a global issue and most conventional approaches have several limitations. Therefore, new approaches must be introduced to address the challenges regarding water purification. In this contribution, a hydrothermal-assisted eco-benign protocol was followed for synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (β-gal-TiO2 NPs) using a novel β-galactosidase isolated from the seed extract of Melilots indica as stabilizing and reducing agent. technique Various physicochemical characterizations techniques examined the synthesis, crystalline structure, and surface morphology of the nanoparticles. The synthesized β-gal-TiO2 NPs were inspected for the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) and photoinhibition of bacteria. The results showed that β-gal-TiO2 NPs degraded 98% of MB under irradiation for only 60 min, exhibiting remarkable photocatalytic activity. Similarly, β-gal-TiO2 NPs displayed considerable antibacterial activity towards E. coli and S. aureus both in the presence and absence of light. The inhibition zones of irradiated β-gal-TiO2 NPs against E. coli and S. aureus were 23 mm and 19 mm, respectively significantly higher than in the dark. Moreover, β-gal-TiO2 NPs showed considerable antioxidant activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) effectively. Therefore, results demonstrated that eco-friendly synthesized β-gal-TiO2 NPs have great potential for bacterial pathogen remediation and MB degradation.

Antiglycation potential of plant based TiO2 nanoparticle in D-ribose glycated BSA in vitro.

Biosynthetic procedure is one of the best alternatives, inexpensive and ecologically sound for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of medicinal plant. The main prospect of this study was to investigate the antiglycation activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP) prepared by ethanolic leaf extract of the Coleus scutellarioides. In this study, biosynthesized TNP characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyand scanning electron microscope. These TNP were further investigated with respect to their antiglycation property and it was checked in the mixture of d-ribose glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) by measuring ketoamine, carbonyl content, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aggregation of protein instigated by glycation process. The inhibitory effect of TNP to restore the structure of BSA in presence of d-ribose were also characterize by biophysical techniques mentioned above. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest repurposing of TNP for its antiglycation property that could be helpful in prevention of glycation instigated AGEs formation and structural loss of proteins.

Facile Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nano- particles Prepared via Hydrothermal Method with in-situ Surface Modification

Aim: The present study is focused on the synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared via the hydrothermal method prepared via in-situ surface modification. 
 Purpose of the study: The proposed research is based on the requirement of alternate antimicrobial therapies. The global misuse and overuse of antibiotics have given rise to the antibiotic resistance crisis. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has failed the conventional treatment methods involving antibiotics. To meet the need for efficient alternate strategies, metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide are explored since it's known for their preventing and treating infections.
 Method: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal and Surface modification of nanoparticles in dehydrated ethanol at room temperature. The obtained nanoparticles are characterized by utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential Analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. 
 Results: According to scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the morphological analysis of the synthesized titanium dioxide was spherical shaped and had an average size of 5-20nm and a size distribution of 14-20nm. The Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis depicted the percentage of elements in TiO2 as Ti (47.10%) and O2 (52.90%). The zeta potential for titanium dioxide was reported as -13.39, and the negative value indicated superior physical stability of nanoparticles in a suspension. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy peak at 1417.68 indicated the O-Ti-O bond in anatase morphology. While Thermogravimetric analysis showed three main stages of mass loss, there was no mass loss after 503°C, which started oxide formation.
 Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that the synthesis of titanium dioxide is an economical process and yields excellent nanoparticles via the hydrothermal method. Characterization of the nanomaterial allowed us to determine the thermal stability, morphology, and purity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Synthesis of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. oil using TiO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to synthesize Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and assess its catalytic role in the synthesis of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. (a non-edible plant source). MethodsThe precipitation approach was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, and the process was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The synthesized biodiesel was analyzed qualitatively through NMR, GC-MS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. ResultXRD result showed that the crystal structure of TiO2 nanoparticles was a biphasic mixture of rutile and anatase phases. SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles had size from 42 nm to 58 nm and a surface area of 21–27 m2/g. The oil content in the feedstock was 43.9 % with free fatty acids contents of 0.37 mg KOH/g. The suitable condition for optimum yield (95 %) of biodiesel was 1:10 of oil to methanol using 25 g of catalyst at a temperature of 65 °C for 80–120 min of reaction time. Results obtained through 1H NMR for methoxy proton at 3.661 ppm, an alpha-methylene proton in triplet from 2.015 to 2.788 ppm, terminal methyl protons at 0.885 to 0.910 ppm, and beta-carbonyl methylene protons from 1.253 to 1.641 ppm confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Similarly, the peaks obtained through FT-IR spectroscopy for methoxycarbonyl at 1740.6 cm−1 and ether at 1012.6 cm−1 are the evidence for the validation of transesterification reaction. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis showed peaks for 17 different types of fatty acid methyl esters. ConclusionThe chemical and physical properties of C. tinctorius showed that the oil of C. tinctorius could be a potential non-edible feedstock for the biodiesel industries.

TiO2-based slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces with excellent ice-phobic performance

Ice formation and accretion on surfaces of instruments such as infrastructures, power lines and aircrafts can trigger serious social danger, economic loss and threaten the safety of lives. It is of practical significance to develop functionalized passive anti-icing surfaces. Herein, we synthesized titanium dioxide nanotube arrays on titanium substrate through anodic oxidation method. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were further modified and infused with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant to form slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). The relationship of the nanostructures and the slippery performance, the liquid holding property and anti-icing property of TiO2 based SLIPS was investigated in details. The contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and sliding angles of water droplets on the TiO2 SLIPS are as low as 1° and 4°, respectively, indicating the excellent slippery property of the SLIPS. The CAH of water droplets on TiO2 SLIPS could be still as low as 5° after being treated with 100 mL of flowing water, which show the long term stability and superior liquid holding property of the TiO2 SLIPS. We propose that the excellent slippery property and long term stability for holding liquid of TiO2 SLIPS attribute to the uniform nanostructures, the small diameter of the nanotubes, the smooth surface and high capillary force of TiO2 nanotube arrays. Both the icing delay tests and the ice adhesion force tests conducted on TiO2 SLIPS indicate that the long-term ice-phobic stability is strongly correlated with the surface smoothness and uniformity of nanostructures. The results show that large water droplets with size about 15 μL on TiO2 NT based SLIPS can keep as liquid phase at very low temperature (–15 ℃) for up to 24 h, which exhibits much longer icing delay time at –15 ℃ than most of the reported superhydrophobic surfaces and SLIPS. And the TiO2 SLIPS exhibit very good icing delay effect even after being reused for 17 times at –15 ℃, indicating the superior long-term stability and anti-icing effect of TiO2 SLIPS as passive ice-phobic surfaces. The ice adhesion force of icicles on TiO2 SLIPS was as low as ∼50 kPa after the tenth test, further indicating their long-term stability as anti-icing surfaces. In summary, the TiO2 nanotube arrays based SLIPS obtained in this work exhibit superior slippery property, anti-biofouling, excellent anti-icing property and long term stability after being treated with a large amount of flowing water or reused for many times under very low temperature. This work shows that SLIPS can be applied as ice-phobic surfaces with long term stability at low temperature, potentially useful for their practical applications as anti-icing and ice-phobic surfaces.

Detection of the synergetic influence of chemical and microbiological factors on the properties of concrete constructions at chemical plants during the long-term service

Long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures in the conditions of chemical enterprises has a powerful negative impact on the physical and chemical properties of concrete, which leads to its destruction. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of biological and chemical corrosion on concrete structures in the workshop for the production of titanium dioxide by the sulphate method and the storage of finished products. In particular, chemical production for the synthesis of titanium dioxide by the sulfate method causes the rapid course of chemical (acid and sulfate) and microbiological (thionic bacteria and microscopic fungi) corrosion processes. These corrosion processes reinforce each other according to a synergistic principle. As a result, temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS) and scanning electron microscopy have experimentally proven the presence and spatial localization of colonies of thionic bacteria and microscopic fungi in concrete structures. Correlations between the intensity of biochemical corrosion and the depth of damage to the microstructures of concrete structures have been established. Moreover, a change in the chemical composition of concrete in the workshop for the production of titanium dioxide (increased SO2 content and reduced CO2) and the formation of gypsum crystals (CaSO4 2H2O) as a result of the dissimilation of microorganisms was established. Also, in the storage room for finished products, calcium citrate crystals and a violation of the formation of calcium carbonate are formed in the surface layers of concrete. In addition, the results of the study can be used to develop antimicrobial and anticorrosive protective agents to stop the biochemical corrosion of concrete in a chemical plant

Capparis zeylanica L. conjugated TiO2 nanoparticles as bio-enhancers for antimicrobial and chronic wound repair

Chronic, non-healable wounds have been a threat throughout history and have consumed centuries of traditional and modern research. In wound repair, a growing variety of novel treatments have been developed. At various stages of wound healing, nanostructure systems are employed. The drug may be synthesized at the nanoscale to act as a “provider,” or nanomaterial could be employed as biomedical devices. Capparis zeylanica was used to synthesize Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) under ambient temperature. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used to confirm the illumination of fabricated TiO2NPs tuned to a size of 352 nm TiO2NPs have been revealed to be spherical and linked to one another using scanning electron microscopy. Biologically active functionality molecules involved in green synthesized TiO2NPs were indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peaks. The TiO2NPs are amorphous, according to X-ray diffraction spectra. Skin diseases causing pathogens were studied for anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion method, and the results indicated significant anti-microbial properties. Furthermore, the wound healing ability of fabricated TiO2NPs was investigated in an excision wound model in Swiss albino mice. Finally, our findings revealed that TiO2NPs had provided a unique therapeutic approach for wound healing and in the planning of therapies.

Effect of temperature on the polymorphs of titania (TiO2) developed by sol-gel and hydrothermal processes for thin film uses

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been utilized for photovoltaic devices mostly as electron selective ply. Most of the transition metal complexes like TiO2 possess wider band gap to predominant relying on morphology of nano-particles. Most of the metal oxides possess excellent ability of harvesting extensive part of sunlight. This study reports, synthesis of TiO2 by using two different techniques i.e., sol-gel and hydrothermal. Later nano films was applied on fluorine doped tin oxide glass through spin coating at ambient temperature. Particles of TiO2 were synthesized at different temperatures however rest of the variable like solvent, concentration and amount of precursor were static. Nanoparticles of anatase titania synthesized through sol-gel had higher crystallinity. Particle size of synthesized particles was 12.2 nm at 25o C. Subsequently particles produced through hydrothermal procedure were large with an average particle size of 16 nm at 100o C. FTIR further confirmed the synthesis of anatase titania at 400-800 cm-1. X-ray diffraction technique also confirmed the synthesis of titania at 25.3o ,38.0o, 47o, 54.5o, 62.7o and 78o . UV-visible spectroscopy was performed to analyze optical properties exhibiting peak absorbance at 424 nm. This synthesized TiO2 anatase is extensively used for photovoltaic application.

Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon

There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 µl/mg, 25 µl/mg, 50 µl/mg, and 75 µl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 µl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide by Sol-Gel Method and Comparison with Titanium Dioxide Pure

This paper study the synthesis of the TiO2 nanoparticles using the sol-gel method and TiCl4 as raw material (TiO2 sol-gel) and characterize it and TiO2 pure by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), both samples show they are anatase phase with high crystallinity and purity. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) both samples it showed in the graph that TiO2 pure, TiO2 sol-gel various frequency vibrations which are shown by different peaks formed, The specific surface area and porosity of the TiO2 pure (46.962 m²/g) and TiO2 sol-gel (38.264 m²/g) were evaluated by using the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Using Ocean Optio USB- 2000 spectrometer for optical properties which are related to the absorption spectrum but using diffuse reflectance spectrum in the state of the Kubelka-Munk remission function replaces the Lambert-Beer law.

Effects of Incorporating Titanium Dioxide with Titanium Carbide on Hybrid Materials Reinforced with Polyaniline: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical and Supercapacitive Properties

We report on the synthesis of titanium dioxide by titanium carbide for the preparation of hybrid material reinforced with polyaniline (PANI@TiO2–TiC) using the in situ polymerization technique. The effectiveness of the samples on the thermal, optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM and TEM results confirm the successful synthesis of the PANI, PANI@TiC and PANI@TiO2–TiC samples. Through this, a good connection, an excellent relationship between the structures and the properties of the synthesized hybrid materials were obtained. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and optical bandgap were also tested. Remarkably good electrochemical characteristics were identified by cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) of the supercapacitor was remarkably high. Cyclic stability showed good retention after 1500 cycles at 1.5 A·g−1.

A New Method of Preparing In situ Synthesized Titanium Oxide Coatings by Very Low-pressure Reactive Plasma Spraying

A New Method of Preparing In situ Synthesized Titanium Oxide Coatings by Very Low-pressure Reactive Plasma Spraying