Overweight Syndrome Research Articles

Potential role of short-chain fatty acids in irritable bowel syndrome in overweight and obese individuals

Due to increasing prevalence of functional diseases of the colon in obese patients, the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota affects the development of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the setting of metabolic activity of adipose tissue should be investigated. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the pool of synthesized short-chain fatty acids, which have a multidirectional impact on the colonic motility is one of the key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota affects the occurrence and features of the course of irritable bowel syndrome. But as regards the issue of whether individual short-chain fatty acids have an impact on the severity of abdominal pain and characteristics of colonic motility dysfunction, it remains a subject of discussions. The study of the mechanisms of impact of short-chain fatty acids on the development and progression of obesity deserves special attention. Increased serum and faecal short-chain fatty acid levels in obese patients can either be a result of changes in the intestinal microflora composition associated with special eating habits and lifestyle, or have an independent effect on the development of obesity in individuals due to intestinal microflora composition disorders that have been already developed. Due to special features of the course of irritable bowel syndrome associated with overweight and obesity, studying the intestinal microbiota composition and the short-chain fatty acids produced by it in this cohort of IBS patients is of particular interest. This publication has been prepared to describe and systematize the possible mechanisms of impact of short-chain fatty acids on the development of abdominal pain and impaired colonic motility in IBS patients with overweight and obesity. The literature search was conducted in the databases Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “irritable bowel syndrome”, “obesity”, “short-chain fatty acids”, “gut microbiota”.

Features of the course of irritable bowel syndrome in overweight and obese people

The aim of the study: to study the characteristics of the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), associated with overweight and obesity, to optimize the management of this group of patients. Material and methods. An open-label cross-sectional study was performed including 175 participants aged 18 to 44 years (mean age 30.06 ± 6.15 years). Group 1 included 100 patients with IBS aged 18 to 44 years (mean age 30.63 ± 6.37 years, BMI 25.88 ± 6.28 kg/m2). In group 1, subgroup 1A included 50 people with IBS associated with overweight or obesity. Subgroup 1B included 50 IBS patients with normal weight. Group 2 included 75 people who did not suffer from IBS, aged from 19 to 43 years (mean age 29.31 ± 5.81 years, BMI 27.80 ± 6.20 kg/m2). Subgroup 2A included 50 participants who did not suffer from IBS and were overweight or obese. Subgroup 2B included 25 apparently healthy participants. The presence and severity of IBS symptoms were assessed using a 10-point scale. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, the presence of anxiety and depression, the level of specific anxiety, quality of life and eating habits were assessed using verified questionnaires. All participants underwent a study of the levels of leptin and adiponectin in the blood serum and zonulin in the feces. Results. The characteristic clinical stigmas in patients suffering from IBS associated with overweight and obesity are described: IBS with a predominance of constipation, severe course of the disease, high incidence of signs of depressive and anxiety disorders, special eating habits characterized by the predominance of flour, sweet, fatty and salty foods in the diet food, severe disturbances in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. High concentrations of leptin and low levels of adiponectin in the blood serum of such patients may play a significant role in the formation of IBS symptoms. Conclusion. The results obtained open up opportunities for research into the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of IBS in people with overweight and obesity, as well as modification of existing treatment regimens for patients with IBS.

The Interrelationship of Eating Behaviors in Overweight and Obese Adults

Objective: Nutrition is a complex behavior influenced by both homeostatic and non-homeostatic processes. Emotional and environmental triggers can affect non-homeostatic processes, leading to hedonistic, emotional, and night eating. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hedonistic eating, emotional eating, and night eating syndrome in overweight and obese adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 562 overweight and obese adults participated in the study. The data were collected using a general information and anthropometric measurements form, the Hedonistic Eating Scale (HES), the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), and the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ). Results: Results showed that 8.2% of participants had emotional eating syndrome, and 25.6% had night eating syndrome. Obese participants were found to have higher rates of emotional eating and night eating syndrome than overweight participants. There were positive correlations between EEQ with HES (r=0.468, p

Epidemiological Impact of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese European Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continuously increasing, both in the adult and pediatric populations, posing a substantial challenge to public health. Understanding the epidemiological burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among children, particularly regarding its complications and long-term effects in adulthood, is crucial for identifying effective preventive measures and enhancing the clinical care of obese children. Therefore, by searching two databases, a systematic review was conducted in order to evaluate studies that specifically addressed the epidemiological MetS impact among overweight/obese European children and adolescents. Overall, 15 studies were considered. The epidemiological data concerning the MetS impact were contingent on the diagnostic criteria used and varied across countries, resulting in a prevalence range of 1.44% to 55.8%. Spanish studies were the most numerous (34%), revealing a country prevalence rate ranging from 2.5% to 19.6%. Males (prevalence range: 1.4-55.8%) and subjects with overweight/obesity (prevalence range: 12.9-55.8%) were mainly affected. Obesity emerged as the main risk factor in the MetS development and the consequent onset of cardiovascular complications and diabetes. Knowing the MetS burden and its risk factors could improve their prevention, detection, and treatment, and guide the development of targeted public health interventions to appropriately address the health needs of younger patients.

Comparison of cardiometabolic risk factors between obese and non-obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities. This association could be partly influenced by weight, but not entirely. This study aimed to compare the cardiometabolic risk factors between obese and non-obese NAFLD patients, and explored the relationship between adiposity and severity of fatty liver. This cross-sectional study included 452 patients with Fibroscan-proven NAFLD. Anthropometric measurements, metabolic components and hepatic histological features were evaluated. The risk of metabolic syndrome in each body mass index (BMI) category was analyzed using logistic regression. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.2%, 27.7%, and 62.1% in normal-weight, overweight and obese participants. Regression analysis showed that the risk of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese NAFLD patients was 3.74 and 4.85 times higher than in patients with normal weight, respectively. Waist circumference (β = 0.770, P < 0.001) and serum concentration of fasting blood glucose (β = 0.193, P = 0.002) and triglyceride (β = 0.432, P < 0.001) were the determinants of metabolic syndrome occurrence in NAFLD patients. Metabolic abnormalities were similar in obese and non-obese NAFLD patients, although, the increase in BMI was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in patients.

Association of dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women.

Background: There is increasing evidence supporting the association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are rare and inconsistent studies to examine the association of dietary acid load and MetS score. The aim of this research was to assess dietary acid loads as measured by potential renal acid load (PRAL) in relation to MetS. Methods: The current study involved 246 overweight or obese women. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Remer's equation was used to calculate PRAL score. MetS was defined as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)/Adult Treatment Panel ΙΙΙ (ATP). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to find the association between PRAL score and MetS. Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 36.49±8.38 years old and 31.04±4.31 kg/m2, respectively. Overall, 32 percent of participants had MetS. According to the final model, although not statistically significant, there was a trend which suggested that being in the highest quartile of adherence to dietary acid load, evaluated by PRAL score, compared to the lowest quartile was associated with higher odds of MetS [(OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 0.95-8.26), (P=0.06)]. Conclusions: Our study shows a borderline non-significant association between PRAL and odds of MetS in overweight or obese women. However, definitive clarification of this relationship requires future intervention studies.

Overweight Syndrome, a Deviation from Normalcy: a Multiple Risk Factor Analysis Among Reproductive Age Group (15–49) Women in Indian Context

Overweight Syndrome, a Deviation from Normalcy: a Multiple Risk Factor Analysis Among Reproductive Age Group (15–49) Women in Indian Context

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with obesity, but the prevalence of the syndrome in obese patients is not well established. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of PCOS among overweight and obese premenopausal women and to evaluate the possible associations between the syndrome and metabolic disturbances in obese patients. Medical records of all women referred to a single endocrine center because of obesity and/or metabolic disturbances during a three-year period were analyzed. A total of 262 overweight and obese patients of reproductive age were included in the retrospective study. The overall prevalence of PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria in the group of overweight and obese women was 26%. The degree of obesity did not influence the PCOS prevalence. Women with PCOS had higher blood glucose and insulin levels after glucose load in comparison to other obese patients despite the younger age. PCOS is a common finding among obese women seeking endocrine help. The oral glucose tolerance test is an important tool for the early detection of carbohydrate disorders in women with the syndrome. Furthermore, screening for PCOS components might be justified in young obese women with pronounced insulin resistance or dysglycemia.

The association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in Ukrainian adolescents with overweight and obesity.

PurposeThis work aims to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese adolescents from Ukraine.MethodsAnthropometric measurements were taken and general and biochemical examinations were performed on 136 obese and overweight adolescents and 60 adolescents with normal body weight. The vitamin D status was determined using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (calcidiol) levels in blood serum. To establish the factors influencing vitamin D status, the subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire and 2007 International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria were used to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome. All research results were processed statistically.ResultsA calcidiol sufficiency level was found in 3.9% of obese adolescents and 6.7% of overweight adolescents. Metabolic syndrome was found in 64.4% of obese adolescents with vitamin D deficiency, and in 26.2% of overweight adolescents. Factors associated with an increased risk of developing vitamin D deficiency in adolescents with metabolic syndrome included male sex (P=0.042), low income per family member (P=0.040), daily milk consumption of up to 1 cup per day (P=0.001), physical activity (P=0.001), duration of outdoor stays (P=0.001), and passive rest in front of a computer or television (P=0.001). Adolescents with metabolic syndrome were found predominance of body mass index (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.001), fasting blood glucose level (P<0.001), and decreased calcidiol level (P=0.022). Among metabolic syndrome components, vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with waist circumference and increased fasting blood glucose (P<0.05).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent in overweight and obese adolescents from Ukraine. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome criteria in overweight and obese adolescents.

Utility of wrist circumference in recognition of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese South Indian children and adolescents.

To describe the utility of wrist circumference in the identification of cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the obesity clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital over a two year period. All children and adolescents aged 5-17 years with nutritional overweight and obesity were recruited. Data pertaining to chronological age, sex, risk factors and family history were collected. Clinical assessment of anthropometry: Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), Tanner's stage, wrist circumference, blood pressure, waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness done as per standard criteria. Biochemical assessment of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, and Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance performed after 12 h of fasting. We recruited 118 subjects (mean age 10.9 years, 71.1% males, 87.3% obese and 12.7% overweight); 30 (25.4%) had metabolic syndrome. The mean z scores of wrist circumference of children who presented with and without metabolic syndrome was 2.7±0.8 and 2.1±0.7, respectively (p<0.05). We observed a fair positive correlation between wrist circumference z score and BMI z score, (r=0.5; p<0.05). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, 97th percentile of wrist circumference predicted metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese children with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 37.5% (AUC=0.675). Wrist circumference with 97th percentile as a cut-off is a useful tool to identify metabolic syndrome amongst overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Mediation role of body fat distribution (FD) on the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in almost all chronic diseases. The most frequent methods for the calculation of a continuous MetS (cMetS) score have used the standardized residuals in linear regression (z-score). Recently, emerging data suggest that one of the main genetic targets is the CAV1, which plays a crucial role in regulating body fat distribution. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 genotypes and cMetS, and to determine whether body fat distribution plays a mediating role in this regard.MethodsThe current cross-sectional study was conducted on 386 overweight and obese females. The CAV1 rs3807992 and body composition were measured by the PCR–RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Serum profile of HDL-C, TGs, FPG, and Insulin were measured by standard protocols.ResultsGG allele carriers had significantly lowered Z-MAP (p = 0.02), total cMetS (p = 0.03) and higher Z-HDL (p = 0.001) compared with (A) allele carriers. There was a significant specific indirect effect (standardized coefficient = 0.19; 95% CI 0.01–0.4) of Visceral fat level (VFL). Although, total body fat was significantly associated with CAV1 rs3807992 and cMetS, the specific indirect effect was not significant (standardized coefficient = 0.21; 95% CI − 0.006, 0.44). VFL contributed to significant indirect effects of 35% on the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS.ConclusionHigher visceral adipose tissue may affect the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS. Although CAV1 rs3807992 is linked to VFL in our study, the influence of this polymorphism on MetS is not via total fat.

Evaluation of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese adolescents

Evaluation of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese adolescents

Physical activity energy expenditure and fat-free mass: relationship with metabolic syndrome in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.

Menopause transition is associated with detrimental changes in physical activity, body composition, and metabolic profile. Although physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, the association is unknown in low-risk individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between PAEE and MetS (prevalence and severity) in inactive overweight or obese postmenopausal women with a low Framingham Risk Score (<10%). Cross-sectional data of 126 participants were divided into quartiles based on PAEE (Quartile (Q)1 = lowest PAEE) while fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MetS prevalence was significantly different between Q1 and Q4 (37.9% vs 13.3%, p = 0.03). After controlling for potential confounders, MetS severity was negatively associated with PAEE (B = -0.057, p < 0.01) and positively with FFM (B = 0.038, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses indicated that a greater FFM exacerbated the association between PAEE and MetS severity in Q1 and Q2 (PAEE × FFM; B = -0.004; p = 0.1). Our results suggest that displaying a low FRS and lower PAEE increase MetS prevalence and severity. In addition, greater FFM interacts with lower PAEE to worsens MetS severity, while higher PAEE lessened this effect. Novelty: Inactive individuals displaying higher daily PAEE also have a lower MetS prevalence. Greater FFM is associated with a worse MetS severity where a higher PAEE mitigated this deleterious effect in our cohort.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight and Normal Weight Women: The Relationships with Inflammatory Markers

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight and Normal Weight Women: The Relationships with Inflammatory Markers

Физическое развитие, компонентный состав тела, фактическое питание, энергетический баланс студентов с избыточной массой тела и ожирением

The aim of the study: to research the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the features of physical development, the type of physique, the component composition of the body of students, their dependence on the energy balance and the actual nutrition of students with overweight syndrome. Material and methods: we carried out the study on the basis of Derzhavin Tambov State University. We examined 128 young men aged 18–22 years. The anthropometric program included the determination of 25 features, measured according to the standard methodology using the automated complex of CMD “Healthy Child.” Diagnosis of overweight syndrome and obesity was by body mass index. We carried out an estimation of actual power supply and power consumption by frequency method with subsequent application of computer program ”Analysis of human power supply state” (version 1.2.4) of the Main Research Institute of RAMS Power Supply. The results: we noted a high frequency of overweight (41,4 %) and obesity (23,4 %) among the examined young men, with hyperstenic physique type, excess body weight was among 58,5 %, and obesity among 73,3 % of students. An excess of the energy value of the diet over daily energy consumption, which was due to an increased number of fats due to saturated fatty acids, proteins and easily digestible carbohydrates characterizes nutrition in overweight syndrome. A decrease in the proportion of skinny body weight and muscle mass contributed to a decrease in daily energy consumption in overweight syndrome. We established an imbalance of macronutrients, leading to the development of abdominal obesity. The energy value and chemical composition of the diet did not affect the incidence of overweight and obesity in students with different types of physique.

Влияние фактического питания и энерготрат на физическое развитие, компонентный состав тела и формирование питательного статуса студенток 18–20 лет с синдромом избыточной массы тела

The aim of the study is to study the characteristics of the influence of actual nutrition and energy consumption among young girls on the emergence and development of overweight and obesity. Materials and methods . We carried out the study on the basis of the Medical Institute of Derzhavin Tambov State University. We examined 236 girls aged 18-22; studied somatometric features of physical development, body weight components; evaluated physique, actual nutrition and energy consumption. The somatometric program included the determination of 25 signs measured according to the standard method using the automated complex CMD “Healthy Child” (TVES Russia). The diagnosis of overweight syndrome, which included overweight and obese girls, was performed by body mass index. Evaluation of actual power supply and power consumption was carried out by frequency method with subsequent application of computer program “Analysis of human power supply condition” (version 1.2.4) of State Department of Scientific and Research Institute of Power Supply of RAMN. Statistical results were processed using SPSS Statistics (version 17.0). We assessed the accuracy of the differences using the Student and Mann-Whitney criteria. Results . Among girls with overweight syndrome there is a reliable increase in body weight due to fat, preferential subcutaneous and a decrease in the relative value of skinny body weight and muscle weight. Their daily energy rates did not differ from the level of control, but they spent 1 less energy per 1 kg of body weight. The calorie content and chemical composition of the diet of girls with overweight syndrome was mostly not reliably different from female students with normal body weight. Odeveloped under normostenic and hypersthenic physique types. Discussion . Energy consumption, including physical load, is a factor of overweight syndrome formation among female students and anthropometric signs of this syndrome should control its application.

Effect of the herbal medicines in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Obesity is a medical situation in which excess body fat has gathered because of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In spite of the fact that the variety of studies are available for obesity treatment and management, its "globesity" still remains a big challenge all over the world. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of effective herbal medicines in the management and treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome in human. We systematically searched all relevant clinical trials via Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane database to assess the effects of raw or refined products derived from plants or parts of plants on obesity and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity adult subjects. All studies conducted by the end of May 2019 were considered in the systematic review. Data were extracted independently by two experts. The quality assessment was assessed using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. The main outcomes were anthropometric indices and metabolic syndrome components. Pooled effect of herbal medicines on obesity and metabolic syndrome were presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 279 relevant clinical trials were included. Herbals containing green tea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, Nigella sativa, puerh tea, Irvingia gabonensis, and Caralluma fimbriata and their active ingredients were found to be effective in the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, C. fimbriata, flaxseed, spinach, and fenugreek were able to reduce appetite. Meta-analysis showed that intake of green tea resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.75 [-1.18, -0.319]), body mass index ([SMD]: -1.2 [-1.82, -0.57]), waist circumference ([SMD]: -1.71 [-2.66, -0.77]), hip circumference ([SMD]: -0.42 [-1.02, -0.19]), and total cholesterol, ([SMD]: -0.43 [-0.77, -0.09]). In addition, the intake of P. vulgaris and N. sativa resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.88, 95 % CI: [-1.13, -0.63]) and triglyceride ([SMD]: -1.67, 95 % CI: [-2.54, -0.79]), respectively. High quality trials are still needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plants in obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Patients and Their Measurement of Neck Circumference: A Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundThe utilization of neck circumference (NC) as a valuable tool to evaluate metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unclear. MetS has been extensively reported worldwide mainly due to the increasing trend of central obesity and the risk of developing coronary artery disease. In Pakistan, its incidence is reported to be between 18% and 49% among the urban population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; in total, 392 patients (body mass index [BMI] >23 kg/m2, age ≥18 years, both genders) were recruited through consecutive sampling, and informed consent was obtained.ResultsThe majority of patients were females (n = 344, 87.8%), and the mean ± SD of age and NC of all patients was 50.5 ± 9.6 years and 38 ± 4.6 cm, respectively. The majority (n = 375, 95.7%) of patients were found to have MetS, with 90% of both males and females having NC ≥38 cm and 34 cm, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of MetS was found to be very high in overweight and obese patients. Moreover, the majority of patients with MetS were found to have higher NC.

Bacteria to alleviate metabolic syndrome.

Heat-inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila helps alleviate features of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese subjects.

과체중 이상의 당뇨병 전단계 성인에서 체력, 신체 활동, 운동과 대사증후군 유병률과의 관련성 : 한국인 당뇨병 예방연구사업, 지역사회기반 중재연구

본 연구의 목적은 과체중 이상의 당뇨병 전단계를 동반한 성인에서 체력, 신체 활동, 운동과 대사증후군의 관련성을 조사하는 데 있다. 연구 대상자는 지역사회 기반의 한국인 당뇨병 예방 연구 사업을 진행하기 위해 모집된 대상자 중, 체질량지수 23 kg/m² 이상, 당뇨병 전단계에 속하는 성인 385명이었다. 체력 수준을 분류하기 위해 심폐지구력, 근지구력, 근력 및 유연성을 측정하였다. 국제 신체활동질문지를 통해 평균 주당 운동 강도와 평균 운동 시간 등의 신체활동 수준을 조사하였다. 체력, 신체 활동, 운동 및 대사증후군 간의 관련성을 살펴보기 위해 카이 제곱 검정을 시행하였다. 대사증후군 그룹은 비대사증후군 그룹에 비해 심폐지구력(p<.001), 근지구력(p=0.033), 유연성(p=0.038)이 유의하게 낮았다. 중강도로 운동한 대상자의 비율은 그룹 간 유의한 차이(p=0.022)를 보였다. 본 연구는 연구 대상에 있어서 체력수준이 대사증후군과 관련하여 부적 관련성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 심폐지구력을 포함한 건강관련 체력의 향상은 과체중 이상인 당뇨병 전단계 성인의 대사적 위험을 감소시키는 데 주요한 요인임을 제안한다.