Symptoms Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Pharmacological Overview of the BGP-15 Chemical Agent as a New Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome.

BGP-15 is a new insulin sensitizer drug candidate, which was developed by Hungarian researchers. In recent years, numerous research groups have studied its beneficial effects. It is effective in the treatment of insulin resistance and it has protective effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diastolic dysfunction, tachycardia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, and it can alleviate cardiotoxicity. BGP-15 exhibits chemoprotective properties in different cytostatic therapies, and has also proven to be photoprotective. It can additionally have advantageous effects in mitochondrial-stress-related diseases. Although the precise mechanism of the effect is still unknown to us, we know that the molecule is a PARP inhibitor, chaperone co-inducer, reduces ROS production, and is able to remodel the organization of cholesterol-rich membrane domains. In the following review, our aim was to summarize the investigated molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of this potential API. The main objective was to present the wide pharmacological potentials of this chemical agent.

Mindfulnes-Based Stress Reduction for Older Couples with Metabolic Syndrome: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

We examined the feasibility and explored the physical, psychological, relational, and biological effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), an 8-week standardized mindfulness program, involving older married couples (60 years or older) with metabolic syndrome (one or both partners had metabolic syndrome). We also explored gender differences. A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared MBSR to a Wait List Control (WLC) arm at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up clinic visits. Twenty-two spouses (11 couples) self-reported stress, physical and mental functioning, mindfulness, and relationship satisfaction at each time point. Fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference were measured. MBSR couples answered questions about partner influences on participation, adherence, and practice at the post-intervention visit. In terms of adherence to MBSR sessions, four of the six couples attended all 10 sessions; one couple attended 7; and one wife attended 6 and her husband attended 5 sessions. In terms of efficacy, there were no significant intervention effects; however, there were significant gender by intervention effects. Pre- to post-intervention, MBSR wives displayed greater increases in physical functioning (β = 1.18, t(36) = 3.17, p = .003) and relationship satisfaction (β = .72, t(36) = 2.81, p = .007) than WLC wives. Effects for husbands were not significant. Qualitatively, participants reported encouragement and increased relationship closeness. Engaging in MBSR as a couple to address symptoms of metabolic syndrome was well-received and feasible. Preliminary effects suggest more benefits for wives than husbands in terms of physical functioning and relational well-being.

Poor Sleep Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Adolescents With PCOS and Obesity.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder and is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Development of MS in PCOS is likely multifactorial and may relate to poor sleep. The objective of this research is to investigate differences in objective markers of sleep in adolescents with obesity and PCOS with and without MS. We also aimed to examine the relationships between markers of sleep with MS markers. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants included adolescents with PCOS and obesity with MS (N = 30) or without MS (N = 36). Hormone and metabolic measurements, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic fat fraction, actigraphy to estimate sleep, and overnight polysomnography (PSG). Adolescents with obesity and PCOS who also had MS had significantly worse sleep-disordered breathing including higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, P = .02) and arousal index (P = .01) compared to those without MS. Actigraphy showed no differences in habitual patterns of sleep behaviors including duration, timing, or efficiency between groups. However, a greater number of poor sleep health behaviors was associated with greater number of MS components (P = .04). Higher AHI correlated with higher triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.49, P = .02), and poorer sleep efficiency correlated with higher percentage of liver fat (r = -0.40, P = .01), waist circumference (r = -0.46, P < .01) and higher TG (r = -0.34, P = .04). Among girls with PCOS and obesity, sleep-disordered breathing was more prevalent in those with MS, and poor sleep behaviors were associated with metabolic dysfunction and more MS symptoms. Sleep health should be included in the assessment of adolescents with PCOS and obesity.

Polytherapy in schizophrenia in light of the literature data

The use of several drugs is quite common in the treatment of diseases, such as hypertension and epilepsy. Since the 1990s, there has been a tendency to use simultaneously two or more antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia patients. It is estimated that 30–40% of patients are treated with two or more antipsychotic drugs. This was also confirmed by research carried out in Poland. This is despite the fact that the standards of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia consistently recommend the use of monotherapy. There are also doubts about the safety of polytherapy. So far, it has not been clearly shown whether this is more effective than monotherapy. A recently published meta-analysis showed that only the combined use of clozapine and aripiprazole is more effective than other monotherapy and polytherapy. It has not yet been confirmed that the combined use of two antipsychotic drugs was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome symptoms and QTc segment prolongation. The paper presents data on the scale of the phenomenon of polytherapy as well as publications on the effectiveness and safety of such proceedings as compared to monotherapy. Due to the ambiguity of the results, it is difficult to make clear recommendations regarding the management of monotherapy ineffectiveness. The work ends with a few questions that concern doubts about how to treat patients with schizophrenia to make the treatment rational.

Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study has investigated the responses to rind of yellow mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis), usually discarded as waste, in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. The rind contains higher concentrations of phytochemicals (such as garcinol, morelloflavone and citric acid) than the pulp. Male Wistar rats aged 8–9 weeks were fed either corn starch diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% freeze-dried G. dulcis fruit rind powder during the last 8 weeks. We characterised metabolic, cardiovascular, liver and gut microbiota parameters. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness, decreased glucose tolerance, fatty liver and reduced Bacteroidia with increased Clostridia in the colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder attenuated these changes, improved cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and attenuated changes in colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder may be effective in metabolic syndrome by appetite suppression, inhibition of inflammatory processes and increased fat metabolism, possibly related to changes in the colonic microbiota. Hence, we propose the use of G. dulcis fruit rind as a functional food to ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

Role of virechana karma in metabolic syndrome- Clinical trial

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

370 Dietary soluble fiber increases the intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria, reduces intestinal permeability, and improves metabolic syndrome in sows during perinatal period

Abstract In humans, metabolic and immune changes during the perinatal period also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. Gut microbiota modulations caused by pregnancy nutrition constitute an interesting target in the metabolic status of pregnant individual. However, studies investigating the changes of the metabolic characteristics and gut microbiota in sows throughout pregnancy and lactation are lacking, and the effects of soluble fiber diet during pregnancy on them are still underexplored. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% pregelatinized waxy maize starch plus guar gum (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The metabolic characteristics, gut permeability and inflammation status, and gut microbiota composition and metabolism of sows during pregnancy and lactation were analysed. The plasma levels of hs-CRP and HOMA-IR values were increased in days 109 of gestation (G109) and days 3 of lactation (L3), while dietary SF reduced plasma hs-CRP concentrations and the HOMA-IR values. The levels of plasma zonulin and fecal endotoxin and lipocalin-2 were increased in G109 and L3, while dietary SF reduced elevation of plasma zonulin and endotoxin and fecal lipocalin-2. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that dietary SF increased levels of butyrate-producing Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospira. The fecal and plasma levels of butyrate were also increased. Additionally, the increased relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae in SF sows negatively correlated with plasma hs-CRP and HOMA-IR while Oscillospira was negatively fecal lipocalin-2. Our data reveal that the sow exhibits a metabolic syndrome and dramatical changes in gut microbiota during perinatal period. Besides, dietary SF has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, intestinal permeability and inflammation maybe via increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate production.

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) reduces adiposity and prevents metabolic disease caused by diet-induced obesity

Medicinal cannabis has remarkable therapeutic potential, but its clinical use is limited by the psychotropic activity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). However, the biological profile of the carboxylated, non-narcotic native precursor of Δ9-THC, the Δ9-THC acid A (Δ9-THCA-A), remains largely unexplored. Here we present evidence that Δ9-THCA-A is a partial and selective PPARγ modulator, endowed with lower adipogenic activity than the full PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) and enhanced osteoblastogenic effects in hMSC. Docking and in vitro functional assays indicated that Δ9-THCA-A binds to and activates PPARγ by acting at both the canonical and the alternative sites of the ligand-binding domain. Transcriptomic signatures in iWAT from mice treated with Δ9-THCA-A confirmed its mode of action through PPARγ. Administration of Δ9-THCA-A in a mouse model of HFD-induced obesity significantly reduced fat mass and body weight gain, markedly ameliorating glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and largely preventing liver steatosis, adipogenesis and macrophage infiltration in fat tissues. Additionally, immunohistochemistry, transcriptomic, and plasma biomarker analyses showed that treatment with Δ9-THCA-A caused browning of iWAT and displayed potent anti-inflammatory actions in HFD mice. Our data validate the potential of Δ9-THCA-A as a low adipogenic PPARγ agonist, capable of substantially improving the symptoms of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Pelargonidin 3-glucoside-enriched strawberry attenuates symptoms of DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.

To determine whether the anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-glucoside (P3G), attenuates symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome in rats. We tested P3G-enriched strawberry in two models of chronic inflammation in rats, chronic IBD induced by 0.5% dextran sodium sulphate in the drinking water for 12weeks (D) and metabolic syndrome induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) for 16weeks. P3G-enriched strawberry was added to the diet for the final 6weeks in IBD rats (DP) or 8weeks in H rats (HP) to provide a dose of 8mg P3G/kg/day. D rats had marked diarrhoea, bloody stools, erosion of mucosal epithelium, crypt atrophy, loss of villi and goblet cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. These symptoms were reversed by P3G with healthy stools and mucosal lining of ileum and colon including increased villi, crypts and goblet cells and reduced inflammation. H rats developed hypertension, dyslipidaemia, central obesity, increased ventricular stiffness, cardiac and liver inflammation, and steatosis. P3G treatment in H rats improved systolic blood pressure, ventricular stiffness, and cardiac and liver structure, and reduced abdominal fat, abdominal circumference and body weight gain. Our study indicates that dietary P3G decreased inflammation to decrease the symptoms of IBD, and to improve cardiovascular, liver and metabolic functions in metabolic syndrome.

Visual food diary - peer support and better diet quality

Abstract Background Healthy Life -groups are targeted to patients with symptoms of metabolic syndrome, problems with coping or overweight at public health centers in Helsinki. The aim of one-year Healthy Life -group is to give support for self-care and empowerment. The groups are generic, and each participant sets her own goal such as smoking cessation, alcohol or weight management. Methods To create opportunities for positive and empowering diet intervention for working aged population, we have started a pilot study with visual food diary (MealLogger). The nutritionist are coaching the three-month-intervention aiming at improving the diet quality. Participants share photos of their meals with each other and receive peer support. Results During years 2016 - 2018, 445 completed the one-year intervention in Healthy Life -groups. The mean decrease of weight loss was 4 kg (n = 222) and decrease of waist circumference 5 cm (n = 57). Conclusions Since the goal for most participants was weight loss, we decided to offer a modern intervention with MealLogger-application. During year 2019 we will complete six groups (about 100 participants) and we will measure participants food quality, weight, waist circumference, quality of life. The results we report in the autumn. Key messages To manage overweight epidemic, new prevention strategies are needed in the primary health care. Visual food diary enables positive and empowering approach to improve died quality and weight management.

Association between benign prostate hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in men under 60 years old: a meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo assess the potential relationship between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome in men under 60 years old.MethodsWe searched the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies of patients with metabolic syndrome and BPH using the key words ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘benign prostatic hyperplasia’, and ‘BPH’. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were extracted from the included studies and the role of metabolic syndrome in BPH and its characteristics (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), total prostate volume (TPV), postvoid residual (PVR)) were evaluated by meta-analysis.ResultsSix comparative studies comprising 61,826 individuals were identified and included in this meta-analysis. There were significant correlations between metabolic syndrome and BPH (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.19–1.29), clinical BPH (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.03–1.70), and TPV (OR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.25–3.42). However, there was no significant association between metabolic syndrome and IPSS (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.35–2.04) or PVR (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.95–3.34).ConclusionsThese results indicate that metabolic syndrome is significantly and positively correlated with the incidence of BPH in younger men aged <60 years. However, there was no significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and BPH-related symptoms.

Hypoallergenic and Low-Protein Ready-to-Feed (RTF) Infant Formula by High Pressure Pasteurization: A Novel Product.

Infant milk formula (IMF) is designed to mimic the composition of human milk (9–11 g protein/L); however, the standard protein content of IMF (15 g/L) is still a matter of controversy. In contrast to breastfed infants, excessive protein in IMF is associated with overweight and symptoms of metabolic syndrome in formula-fed infants. Moreover, the beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) content in cow milk is 3–4 g/L, whereas it is not present in human milk. It is considered to be a major reason for cow milk allergy in infants. In this respect, to modify protein composition, increasing the ratio of alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac) to β-Lg would be a pragmatic approach to develop a hypoallergenic IMF with low protein content. Such a formula would ensure the necessary balance of essential amino acids, as 123 and 162 amino acid residues are available in α-Lac and β-Lg, respectively. Hence, in this study, a pasteurized form of hypoallergenic and low-protein ready-to-feed (RTF) formula, a new product, is developed to retain heat-sensitive bioactives and other components. Therefore, the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) under 300–600 MPa at approximately 20–40 °C and HTST pasteurization (72 °C for 15 and 30 s) were investigated and compared. The highest ratio of α-Lac to β-Lg was achieved after HPP (600 MPa for 5 min applied at 40.4 °C), which potentially explains the synergistic effect of HPP and heat on substantial denaturation of β-Lg, with significant retention of α-Lac in reconstituted IMF. Industrial relevance: This investigation showed the potential production of a pasteurized RTF formula, a niche product, with a reduced amount of allergenic β-Lg.

The effects of Pandanus amaryllifolius (Roxb.) leaf water extracts on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rat model

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a non-communicable disease inclusive of risk factors such as central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. In this present study, we investigated the ability of Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) leaf water extract to reverse the cluster of diseases in an established rat model induced by fructose in drinking water.MethodsThirty healthy adult male Wistar rats (150–180 g) were randomly divided into three groups which included control (C; n = 6), PA extract (PAE; n = 6) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS; n = 18). Food and fluid were given ad libitum for 8 weeks. These groups differed in fluid intake whereby rats received tap water, 10% of PA leaf water extracts and 20% of fructose in drinking water in group C, PAE and MetS, respectively. After 8 weeks, the MetS group was further subdivided into three subgroups namely MetS1 (n = 6), MetS2 (n = 6) and MetS3 (n = 6). The C, PAE and MetS1 were sacrificed. MetS1 group was sacrificed as the control for metabolic syndrome. MetS2 and MetS3 groups were treated with only tap water and 10% of PA leaf water extract respectively for another 8 weeks. The parameters for physiological and metabolic changes such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and inflammatory biomarkers (NFκβ p65, TNFα, leptin and adiponectin) were measured.ResultsThe intake of 20% of fructose in drinking water induced full blown of metabolic syndrome symptoms, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia in male Wistar rats. Subsequently, treatment with PA leaf water extract improved obesity parameters including BMI, abdominal adipose tissue deposition and adipocytes size, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein with neutral effects on inflammatory biomarkers.ConclusionsAdministration of PA in metabolic syndrome rat model attenuates most of the metabolic syndrome symptoms as well as improves obesity. Therefore, PA which is rich in total flavonoids and total phenolic acids can be suggested as a useful dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome components induces by fructose.

Vacation frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome and symptoms

Objective: To examine the extent to which vacationing behavior is associated with metabolic outcomes. Specifically, we consider how total vacation episodes and total vacation days from the past 12 months relate to metabolic syndrome and metabolic symptoms.Design: Sixty-three workers eligible for paid vacation attended a lab visit during which their blood was drawn and they completed an interview assessing vacationing behavior in the past 12 months.Main outcome measures: Metabolic syndrome and metabolic symptoms are the main outcome measures.Results: Over the past 12 months, participants took approximately five vacations (M = 5.44, SD = 3.16) and used about 2 weeks of their paid vacation days (M = 13.80, SD = 7.25). Participants rated vacations positively, expressing low levels of travel-, childcare- and financial burden-related stress. As vacation episodes increased, metabolic syndrome incidence (OR = 0.76, p = 0.051) and number of metabolic symptoms met (IRR = 0.92, p = 0.035) decreased. Notably, risk for metabolic syndrome decreased by nearly a quarter with each additional vacation taken by participants.Conclusions: Overall, vacations are experienced as positive events. This positive subjective experience may translate into physical health benefits given that vacation frequency may protect against metabolic syndrome and symptoms.

Thermoneutral temperature reduces liver volume but increases fat content in a mammalian hibernator.

Hibernators survive challenging winters by entering torpor, which lowers body temperature (Tb) to ∼5 °C for 12-14 days, followed by spontaneous arousals where Tb increases to ∼37 °C for 10-12 h before entering another torpor bout. This Tb cycle is accompanied by significant fluctuations in metabolic rate. Little is known about the role of the liver in lipid metabolism during hibernation. In this study we measured the effect of ambient temperature on liver volume and lipid content in 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). We housed animals at thermoneutral (25 °C) or cold (5 °C) ambient temperatures, with the same photoperiod (12 h light:12 h dark) for an entire year. We determined volume and water-fat ratio of the liver using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ambient temperature significantly affected both liver volume and fat content. From October to August squirrels housed at 25 °C had 25% smaller livers compared to the squirrels housed at 5 °C, but their average lipid content (13.3%) was 37% higher. Because the squirrels housed at 25 °C appeared to continue feeding throughout the winter but did not enter extended torpor, more carbohydrates may have been diverted to lipid stores. By contrast, animals housed at 5 °C did not appear to feed, and carbohydrates would likely be preferentially stored in the liver as glycogen to supply glucose for brain metabolism. These results suggest that the fat burden caused by hibernators preparing for winter can lead to symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but that these symptoms are reversible in the spring.

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents worldwide public health issue characterized by a set of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. The link between the MS and the associated diseases is represented by oxidative stress (OS) and by the intracellular redox imbalance, both caused by the persistence of chronic inflammatory conditions that characterize MS. The increase in oxidizing species formation in MS has been accepted as a major underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of protein and lipid oxidation products, and impairment of the antioxidant systems. These oxidative modifications are recognized as relevant OS biomarkers potentially able to (i) clarify the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the etiology of the MS, (ii) contribute to the diagnosis/evaluation of the disease's severity, and (iii) evaluate the utility of possible therapeutic strategies based on natural antioxidants. The antioxidant therapies indeed could be able to (i) counteract systemic as well as mitochondrial-derived OS, (ii) enhance the endogenous antioxidant defenses, (iii) alleviate MS symptoms, and (iv) prevent the complications linked to MS-derived cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the role of OS in the development of metabolic alterations characterizing MS, with particular regard to the occurrence of OS-correlated biomarkers, as well as to the use of therapeutic strategies based on natural antioxidants.

MP06-12 GHRELIN-MEDIATED PROMOTION OF PROSTATE GROWTH AND PROSTATE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION: EVIDENCE FROM FUNCTIONAL, IN VIVO, AND GENOMIC APPROACHES

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Epidemiologic studies demonstrated a context between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recentl...

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RHYTHM DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

The purpose of this work is to analyze the daily levels of blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with signs of metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods. In the period from 2013 to 2016, 364 patients of the age from 20 to 80 (200 men and 164 women) with newly diagnosed MS were prospectively examined. Daily ECG monitoring applying the Holter method was performed with the help of Cardiomax system (USA), in compliance with the standard method for diagnosing paroxysmal forms of arrhythmia and stress and painless forms of ischemia. V2, V5 and avF derivations were registered.Results. The maximum daily average values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure recorded in patients of the 61 to 80 age group were the following: systolic BP - 156.9±3.5 mm Hg diastolic BP - 96.2±4.1 mm Hg The heart rate variability analysis showed that the value of circadian index in patients of the third age group was significantly lower (1.14±0.12) than in patients of the first and second groups, amounting to respectively 1.2±0.11 and 1.19±0.13. Besides, we noticed an increase of daytime and night Ps levels (up to 79.0±9.0 and 66.5±4.1 BPM) in patients of the second group compared to the first group, where the values of these indicators were respectively 75.4±8.4 and 60.6±6.2 BPM. Heart rate variability at different times of day depending on age indicate adverse changes in the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity alongside with increasing the age of patients with MS. With the increase of age in patients with Ms, the rate of detecting cardiovascular complications risk factors steadily grows.Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct dynamic monitoring for patients with symptoms of metabolic syndrome in order to identify signs of cardiovascular system state disturbances, blood pressure and heart rate in particular.

Bariatric surgery in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - from pathophysiology to clinical effects.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant liver disease, and it covers the disease spectrum from simple steatosis with a risk of development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, subsequent cirrhosis, end-stage liver failure, and liver cancer with a potential need for liver transplantation. NAFLD and NASH are closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of gut hormones, especially glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is important in NAFLD. Bariatric surgery has the potential for inducing great weight loss and may improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and T2D. Recent data demonstrated significant effects of bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and other gut hormones and important lipid metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Therefore, bariatric surgery may reverse the pathological liver changes in NAFLD and NASH patients. In the present review, we describe NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and the primary effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic pathways. We performed a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects and focused on changes in liver disease severity in NAFLD and NASH patients. The specific focus was liver histopathology as assessed by the invasive liver biopsy. Additionally, we reviewed several non-invasive methods used for the assessment of liver disease severity following bariatric surgery.

The relationship between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

The most common symptoms during menopausal transition and menopause are vasomotor symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women. Two hundred and fifty-four and 317 postmenopausal women were in the MetS and non-MetS groups, respectively. The total menopause rating scale and psychological subscale scores were higher in the MetS group than the non-MetS group, and the differences were significant (p < .05). A positive correlation was found between the abdominal circumferences, systolic-diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and total MRS scores. However, a significant positive correlation was found between the abdominal circumference and total urogenital scores (p = .008).Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? MetS and its dominant component (abdominal obesity) significantly increase the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms. Data regarding the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and vasomotor symptoms remain limited.What do the results of this study add? We showed that sleeping problems, depressive symptoms and bladder problems were more frequently encountered in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (p<0.05).What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There is a need for more randomised controlled studies to demonstrate the relationship between MetS and the severity of menopausal symptoms.