Symptoms In Allergic Rhinitis Patients Research Articles

Changes in Circulating CD44+CD62L− Treg Subsets and CD44−CD62L+ Treg Subsets Reflect the Clinical Status of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Introduction: This study clarified the expression changes and clinical significance of CD44+CD62L− Treg and CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: The peripheral blood of 39 patients with AR and 42 healthy controls was collected. Clinical data, such as sex, age, IgE titer, allergen screening information and visual analogue scale (VAS) score, were recorded. Changes in serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were detected using the cytometric bead array method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, TFH, and Th9 cells and the proportions of CD44+CD62L− Treg and CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets. Correlation analysis was performed between the CD44+CD62L− Treg subsets and the CD44−CD62L+ Treg subsets with clinical indicators (VAS score, total IgE titer), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ), and Th1/Th2/Th17/TFH/Th9 cell proportions. Results: Compared to the control group, the proportion of total Treg cells and CD44+CD62L− Treg cells in the AR group decreased, and the proportion of CD44−CD62L+ Treg cells increased (p < 0.05). The proportions of CD44+CD62L− Treg cells significantly negatively correlated with Th2 cells (R = −0.5270, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with Treg cytokine IL-10 (R = 0.6447, p < 0.05). In addition, CD44+CD62L− Treg cells negatively correlated with the VAS score (R = −0.4956, p < 0.05), total IgE level (R = −0.4177, p < 0.05) and Th2 cytokine IL-6 level (R = −0.3034, p < 0.05) but positively correlated with the Th1 cytokine IL-2 (R = 0.4331, p < 0.05). In contrast, the proportion of CD44+CD62L− Treg cells significantly positively correlated with the Th2 cells (R = 0.6187, p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of CD44−CD62L+ Treg cells positively correlated with the VAS score (R = 0.4060, p < 0.05), total IgE level (R = 0.5224, p < 0.05) and Th2 cytokine IL-4 (R = 0.2647, p < 0.05) and IL-6 levels (R = 0.3824, p < 0.05) but negatively correlated with Th1 cytokine IL-2 (R = −0.3451, p < 0.05) and IL-10 (R = −0.3277, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A greater proportion of CD44+CD62L− Tregs correlated with better reversal of the Th1/Th2 imbalance and milder clinical symptoms in AR patients. The presence of more CD44−CD62L+ Tregs correlated with a weaker immunosuppressive effect on Th2 cells and more severe clinical symptoms in AR patients. These findings provide new perspectives for the treatment and disease monitoring of AR.

The effect of open-label placebo on allergic rhinitis symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The evidence regarding the open-label placebo effect on allergic rhinitis symptoms remains uncertain. Open-label placebo significantly reduced the frequency of symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with similar safety profiles; however, there was no effect on the severity of symptoms and impairment due to symptoms. The statistically significant impact on symptom frequency can be considered not clinically significant.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the landscape of biomarker in allergic rhinitis patient undergoing intracervical lymphatic immunotherapy and related pan-cancer analysis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the leading allergic diseases worldwide. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces persistent specific allergen tolerance to achieve remission of the symptoms in AR patients. We creatively conducted the intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT) for AR patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of immune cell response of AIT in AR remains elusive. To investigate the transcriptome profile in AR patients who underwent ICLIT, we comprehensively investigated the transcriptional changes in B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AR patient by single-cell RNA sequencing. Immunoglobulins and relative key gene, which influences the B cell differentiation, was demonstrated. The biomarkers' association with different types of tumors was investigated. Naive B cells, germinal center B cells, activated memory B cells, and memory B cells constituted the B cells subsets. The expression of IGHE, IGHGs, IGHA, IGHD, and IGHM from memory B cells was validated. Pseudotime analysis further indicated the dynamic change from the expression of the immunoglobulins in the memory B cells, suggesting that ITGB1 may contribute to the differentiation procedure of memory B cells. The cell-cell communication among these immune cells demonstrated the significantly enhanced CD23, BTLA signaling after ICLIT in AR patient. ITGB1 was upregulated in 13 tumors and downregulated in six others. High ITGB1 expression was linked to poor prognosis in eight types of tumors. ITGB1 expression showed correlations with tumor mutation burden, tissue purity, and microsatellite instability in different types of tumors. ITGB1 was demonstrated as a potential biomarker for AR patients after ICLIT and is significant in identifying immune infiltration in tumor tissue and predicting tumor prognosis.

Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Patients with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been widely applied to treat patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, meta-analyses on the efficacy of SLIT in AR patients with asthma are still limited. Literature without language limitation published before October 28, 2022, were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. STATA 16.0 software was used for the meta-analysis of the extracted data. The results reported were symptom scores, drug scores, adverse effects rates, and cost of treatment. Ten studies involving 1722 patients met the inclusion criteria. The total rhinitis score (TRSS) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.23, 95% CI: -1.39--1.06, P < .001) and total asthma symptom score (TASS) (WMD = -1.00, 95% CI: -1.12-0.89, P < .001) were significantly lower in the SLIT group than the placebo group. The SLIT group had higher rates of treatment-related adverse events (relative risk [RR] = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.77-4.48, P < .001) and total costs of treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.45-0.97, P < .001). There was no significant difference in inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dose (P = .195), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (P = .158), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (P = .237), and direct costs of treatment (P = .630) between the SLIT and placebo groups. SLIT may be a therapeutic method for improving rhinitis symptoms and asthma symptoms in AR patients with asthma. However, as there was significant heterogeneity in results, more high-quality and well-designed studies are needed in the future to elucidate the efficacy of SLIT.

The early-phase transcriptome and the clinical efficacy analysis in three modes of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis

BackgroundAllergen immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment for allergic rhinitis. ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). MethodsThe efficacy, safety, and serum immunological changes of 3 modes of subcutaneous immunotherapy were compared. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome changes were obtained on the Illumina sequencing platforms. We confirmed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The correlation between the common DEGs and clinical indicators was analyzed by Origin 2022. ResultsThe 3 SCITs were all effective after 1 year. The Combined Symptom and Medication Score (CSMS) and Visual Analog Score (VAS) in rush immunotherapy (RIT) are lowest after 24 and 48 weeks of treatment among the 3 groups. After treatment, the levels of sIgE, sIgE/tIgE, Th2 cytokines, Th17 cytokines, and percentage of peripheral eosinophils (EOS%) decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the levels of Th1 type cytokines did not change significantly. Transcriptome analysis identified 24, 24, and 91 DEGs at W3 and 42, 52, 175 DEGs at W7 in conventional immunotherapy (CIT), cluster immunotherapy (CLIT), and RIT groups, respectively. The pathways and functions involved in SCIT include secretion of Th1/2 cytokines, immune cell differentiation. Unlike CIT and CLIT, DEGs are also involved in T cell tolerance induction, T cell anergy, and lymphocyte anergy in RIT. CXCR1, CXCR2, and IER3 had a specific effect on reflecting the improvement of symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with SCIT. ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of RIT appeared earlier than CIT and CLIT. Clinicians can use the highly conserved gene expression profile to evaluate responses to immunotherapy.

Neuromedin U Induces Activation of Peripheral Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells through the ERK Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis Patients

Introduction: In allergic diseases, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles. Neuromedin U (NMU), a highly conserved multifunctional neuropeptide, is secreted by cholinergic neurons and involved in asthma pathogenesis by amplifying lung inflammation driven by ILC2s. However, the precise effects of NMU on ILC2s in allergic rhinitis (AR) and related diseases remain unclear. Methods: A total of 15 patients with persistent AR and 8 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores are used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms in AR patients. The percentages of ILC2s in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were enumerated using flow cytometry. The soluble or intracellular cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) in PBMCs or sorted ILC2s were assessed in response to various stimuli with IL-33, NMU, IL-33 combined with extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor or NMU combined with ERK inhibitor in the presence of IL-2. Results: We confirmed the proportion of circulating ILC2s was significantly higher in AR patients than in HCs. ILC2s levels were found to be positively related to VAS scores. We also discovered that the release of IL-5 and IL-13 in AR patients’ PBMCs stimulated by NMU (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) or IL-33 (p = 0.002; p = 0.044, respectively) was significantly higher than in HCs. In AR patients, NMU stimulated PBMCs or ILC2s to generate greater inflammatory factors IL-5 and IL-13 compared to IL-33. Furthermore, we observed that NMU-promoted ILC2s activation and proliferation functions were restricted when the ERK pathway was inhibited. Conclusion: NMU effectively activated ILC2s in AR patients to produce Th2-type cytokines, and this activation can be prevented by ERK pathway inhibitors. Our findings shed new light on the neuro-immune mechanism of AR and offer new insights into its prevention and treatment.

Validated allergen exposure chamber is plausible tool for the assessment of house dust mite-triggered allergic rhinitis.

Allergen exposure chamber (AEC) is a clinical facility that allows exposure to allergenic airborne particles in controlled environment. Although AECs offer stable levels of airborne allergens, the validation of symptoms and other endpoints induced by allergen challenge is key for their recommendation as a plausible tool for the assessment of patients, especially in clinical research. This study aimed to demonstrate the reproducibility of defined clinical endpoints after AEC house dust mite (HDM) challenge under optimal conditions in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). HDM was distributed at different concentrations. The assessment was subjective by the patients: total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analog scale (VAS), and objective by the investigator: acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and nasal secretion weight. Safety was assessed clinically and by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 ). Constant environment: temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration were maintained during all challenges. The concentration of HDM on average remained stable within the targeted values: 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000 particles (p)/m3 . Most symptoms were observed at concentrations 3000 p/m3 or higher. The symptoms severity and other endpoints results were reproducible. 5000 p/m3 , and challenge duration of 120 min were found optimal. The procedure was safe with no lung function abnormalities due to challenge. HDM challenge in ALL-MED AEC offers a safe and reliable method for inducing symptoms in AR patients for the use in controlled clinical studies including allergen immunotherapy.

Dietary fibre in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis andsensitization from childhood up to adulthood.

BackgroundDietary fibre may reduce the risk of allergy. Our aim was to investigate the association between fibre intake in childhood, asthma, allergic rhinitis and IgE sensitization up to adulthood.MethodsThe individual fibre intake of 2285 participants from the Swedish population‐based birth cohort BAMSE was estimated between 98‐ and 107‐item food frequency questionnaires at ages 8 and 16 years, respectively. At 8, 16 and 24 years, asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed by questionnaires, and sensitization to common allergens by serum IgE. Longitudinal associations were analysed by generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsAn inverse overall association was indicated between fibre intake at 8 years and allergic rhinitis symptoms up to 24 years (OR per 5 g/d 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.96), particularly in combination with airborne (0.74; 0.62–0.89) and food (0.69; 0.54–0.88) allergen sensitization. Higher fibre intake was also associated with specific allergen sensitization, for example, birch (0.77; 0.67–0.88) and soy (0.68; 0.53–0.87). No association was observed with asthma. Regarding sources, fruit (0.79; 0.67–0.94) and other (potatoes, chips/popcorn, legumes, and nuts, 0.71; 0.50–0.99), but not cereal or vegetable fibre were associated with allergic rhinitis. In additional analyses, including long‐term fibre intake at 8 and 16 years, excluding participants with food‐related allergic symptoms to examine reverse causation, as well as adjusting for antioxidant intake, associations were attenuated and became non‐significant.ConclusionHigher fibre intake in mid‐childhood may be inversely associated with allergic rhinitis and sensitization to specific allergens up to adulthood. However, avoidance of food triggers of allergic symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients may contribute to the protective associations.

Evaluation of experimental animal behaviors through establishment of an ovalbumin-induced experimental mouse model of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) was also called hay fever which was a type of nasal inflammation when the immune system overreacts to environmental allergen exposures. AR’s clinical symptoms included a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, watery eyes, and eye swelling. The fluid in the nasal cavity was usually clear. Patients with AR can affect sleep and work qualities. Seriously, the AR symptoms can also cause asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is an important issue to attenuate AR symptoms and research the novel therapeutic drugs for AR patients. The purpose of this study was to introduce an easy-to-establish experimental mouse model of AR. In this study, the male BALB/c mice were divided respectively into as the Group A (n = 12) and the Group B (n = 12). Group A and Group B were designed as the normal control and RA, respectively. BALB/c mice in Group B were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20, followed by continuous nasal administration of OVA solution once per day between day 21-43. BALB/c mice in Group A received sensitization of intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20 and continuous nasal administration of PBS instead of OVA once per day between day 21-43. Before and after sensitization, the frequencies of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing) were recorded and counted. Results were showed that sneezing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The sneezing times in Group A were significant higher on D29 and D30 of the experiment. However, the sneezing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group A were significant higher on D30 and D43 of the experiment. However, the rubbing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. Based on these results, a successful mouse model of AR has been established. We hope that this RA mouse model will provide a tool for the research of the novel AR therapeutic drugs and apply these novel AR therapeutic drugs to attenuate the AR symptoms in AR patients in the future.

Higher Wheal Sizes of Dermatophagoides farinae Sensitization Exhibit Worse Nasal Symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis Patients.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health burden and it manifests in both nasal and non-nasal symptoms. Skin prick test (SPT) is a routine procedure to diagnose AR sensitized to common allergens including house dust mites (HDMs). The degree of sensitivity of a patient toward allergens is determined by the size of the wheal formed by SPT procedure. SPT wheal sizes are influenced by recent anti-histamine usage, however it remains unclear if SPT wheal sizes are also influenced by other factors. In this study, we set out to investigate the association between SPT wheal sizes with the demographical, clinical and environmental characteristics, as well as nasal and non-nasal symptoms severity scores, of AR patients (n = 30) sensitized to common HDMs (i.e., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Blomia tropicalis). We showed that SPT wheal sizes of HDM allergens were not associated with clinical, demographical and environmental characteristics examined. Nonetheless, significant correlations were observed between SPT wheal sizes of D. farinae sensitization with worse severity scores of all five nasal symptoms examined (i.e., sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, congestion and postnasal drip) and four of the six non-nasal symptoms examined (i.e., throat symptoms, ear symptoms, headache and mental function). Such relationships were not observed in SPT wheal sizes of D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis sensitization. We suggest that increased SPT wheal sizes for D. farinae sensitization may predict the likelihood of more severe nasal and, to a lesser extent, non-nasal manifestations in AR patients.

Biyuantongqiao Granules Combined with Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray for Allergic Rhinitis in Children

The present study was conducted to observe the clinical efficacy of biyuantongqiao granules combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. The patients in the control group were treated with mometasone furoate nasal spray (50 µg/press), and the patients in the observation group received biyuantongqiao granules (15 g × 10 bags) combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray, 15 mg/time. The total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group (95.35%) than the control group (79.06%). The visual analogue scale scores in the two groups were decreased after treatment. The visual analogue scale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The scores of nasal symptoms and signs and the serum levels of interleukin-4, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and immunoglobulin E in the two groups were decreased 4 weeks after treatment, while the serum levels of interleukin-12 and γ-interferon were increased. The differences in the observation group before and after treatment were greater than those in the control group. During treatment, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. In conclusion, biyuantongqiao granules combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray can effectively improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis patients, such as sneezing, nasal congestion, etc.

Study of Nasal Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

(1) Background: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been considered as a biomarker of airway inflammation. The measurement of fractional exhaled NO (FENO) is a valuable test for assessing local inflammation in subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR). (2) Objective: To evaluate (a) the correlation between nasal FENO with anthropometric characteristics, symptoms of AR and nasal peak flows in children without and with AR; and (b) the cut-off of nasal FENO for diagnosis of AR in symptomatic children. (3) Methods: The study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study in subjects with and without AR &lt; 18 years old. All clinical and functional characteristics of the study subjects were recorded for analysis. They were divided into healthy subjects for the control group and subjects with AR who met all inclusion criteria. (4) Results: 100 subjects (14 ± 3 years) were included, including 32 control subjects and 68 patients with AR. Nasal FENO in AR patients was significantly higher than in control subjects: 985 ± 232 ppb vs. 229 ± 65 ppb (p &lt; 0.001). In control subjects, nasal FENO was not correlated with anthropometric characteristics and nasal inspiratory or expiratory peak flows (IPF or EPF) (p &gt; 0.05). There was a correlation between nasal FENO and AR symptoms in AR patients and nasal IPF and EPF (p = 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively). The cut-off of nasal FENO for positive AR diagnosis with the highest specificity and sensitivity was ≥794 ppb (96.7% and 92.6%, respectively). (5) Conclusion: The use of nasal FENO as a biomarker of AR provides a useful tool and additional armamentarium in the management of allergic rhinitis.

The relationship between vitamin D and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis

BackgroundVitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in regulation of the immune system. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the relationship between vitamin D and allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we explored the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and moderate-to-severe persistent AR. Patients and methodsThirty-nine adult patients with moderate-to-severe persistent AR and 20 healthy people serving as a control group were recruited at the affiliated Chengdu University Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2018 to January 2019. The subjects were selected at random and participated voluntarily in our research. Vitamin D3 levels were determined in the blood samples of all subjects. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and total immunoglobulin E(IgE) were measured in the AR group, and scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and on a nasal-ocular- conjunctival quality-of-life questionnaire (Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, RQLQ) were also recorded for the AR group. ResultsThere was a significant difference in 25(OH)D3 levels between the control group and the AR group (P<0.01). In the correlation analysis, a positive correlation was observed between IFN-γ and 25(OH)D3, but a negative correlation was seen between total IgE, IL-4, VAS and RQLQ scores in the AR patient group. However, multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between total IgE, IL-4 and 25(OH)D3. ConclusionIn the correlation analysis, we confirmed that serum 25(OH)D3 displays significant negative correlation with total IgE, IL-4, VAS and RQLQ scores, which indicates that the lower the 25(OH)D3 level, the higher the VAS and RQLQ scores, and thus the more severe the symptoms in AR patients.

The Correlation of Allergic Rhinitis with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in Young Adults

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a breathing disorder during sleep that can cause stopping breathing and trigger dangerous diseases. The main symptoms that can occur in OSAS patients are loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness so it can disrupt the quality of life and performance. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the risk factors for OSAS, after age, obesity, sex, neck circumference, and anatomic abnormalities of the airway. Allergic rhinitis can disrupt the quality of sleep patients. Allergic rhinitis patient has a risk of OSAS due to obstruction of the upper airways so airflow to the lungs is obstructed.Objective: To analyze the relationship of allergic rhinitis with the incidence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in young adults.Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained with a probability sampling method by consecutive sampling. The subject of this study were students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, aged 18-23 years. This study consisted of interviews, BMI examination, neck circumference examination, nose, and throat examination, fill the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire to assess OSAS and the Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire to assess allergic rhinitis. Statistical tests use chi-square, fisher's exact test, and logistic regression.Results: The incidence of allergic rhinitis with OSAS in young adults occurred as much as 79,7%. Bivariate analyze showed allergic rhinitis associated significantly with the incidence of OSAS in young adults (p=0,000; PR=12,3). The most common group of allergic rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with OSAS is the group of symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion.Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis patients risk 12,3 times more likely to suffer from OSAS than non-allergic rhinitis in young adults.

Effects of aerobic exercise and vitamin C supplementation on rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients.

Exercise training and vitamin C supplementation have both been recommended as an effective adjuvant treatment in the management of symptoms in patients with many diseases. However, its effects on rhinitis symptoms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training alone, and in combination with vitamin C supplementation, on rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients. Twenty-seven rhinitis patients were randomized into 3 groups: control (CON; n = 8), exercise (EX; n = 9), and exercise combined with vitamin C (EX + Vit.C; n = 10). The exercise training protocol consisted of walking and/or running on a treadmill at 65-70% heart rate reserve for 30 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The EX + Vit.C group ingested 2,000 mg vitamin C per day. After 8 weeks, both EX and EX + Vit.C groups increased peak aerobic capacity and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and exhibited significantly decreased rhinitis symptoms, nasal blood flow (NBF) and malondialdehylde levels compared to pre-test. Rhinitis symptoms and NBF after nasal challenge with house dust mite decreased significantly in the EX and EX + Vit.C groups. The EX and EX + Vit.C groups had significantly lower nasal secretion interleukin (IL)-4, but higher nasal secretion IL-2 levels, than the CON group. This study clearly confirms that aerobic exercise training significantly improved clinical of allergic rhinitis and cytokine profiles. Nonetheless, with the limited power of small sample size, whether adding vitamin C is any beneficial is not shown. A larger randomized controlled trial is thus warranted.

The Effect of PM10 on Allergy Symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis Patients during Sping Season

The Effect of PM10 on Allergy Symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis Patients during Sping Season

Expression of eosinophils and IL-33 levels in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the count of eosinophils(EOS) in peripheral blood and the serum levels of IL-33, and to discuss the relations among serum levels of IL-33, the count of EOS, visual analog scale (VAS) in different groups.Method:According to different treatments, the patients are divided into three groups: the untreated allergic rhinitis (AR) group (group A), the AR group who had been treated subcutaneous imunotherapy (SCIT) for at least a year (group B) and the AR complicated with allergic asthma group who had been treated subcutaneous imunotherapy (SCIT) for at least a year (gourp C). All subjects were conducted blood cell analysis, and EOS were counted. The serum levels of IL-33 were measured by enzyme linked immune (ELISA), and the obtained date were analysed by GraphPad.Prism 5.0 and SPSS 22.0.AR patients were asked to fill out VAS and were assessed nasal symptoms.Result:The serum levels of IL-33 in the group A were higher than that in other subjects (P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-33 in the group B showed no significant difference between the group B and the group C (P> 0.05).The serum levels of IL-33 in the group B were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-33 in the group C were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).The count of EOS in the group A were higher than that in other subjects, and there is no difference between with each other (P> 0.05).The VAS in the group A were higher than that in the group B (P<0.05) and there is no significant difference between the group A and the group C (P<0.05).There is no difference between the group B and the group C(P<0.05).After at least one-year SCIT, the symptoms of AR patients were obviously relieved, such as consciously rhinobyon, rhinorrhea, sneezing and so on. Spearman test showed the serum levels of IL-33 in the AR patients has a weak correlation with the count of eosinophils (P> 0.05, r=0.287).Conclusion:SCIT is an effective treatment for AR patients. role on AR, which can alleviate the symptoms of patients, also can reduce the levels of IL-33 and the count of EOS in peripheral blood.

Correlation Between Serum and Salivary House Dust Mite Specific Immunoglobulins in Allergic Rhinitis (AR) Patients and Non-Allergic Rhinitis Matched Controls

Background and objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterised by inflammation of the nasal mucosa associated with IgE mediated immune response to specific allergens. Studies have shown that the most commonly implicated aeroallergens in AR are house dust mites. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and Blomia tropicalis (Bt) are the three most common mite species in Malaysia. Previous studies have reported the presence of high IgE and non-IgE antibodies in both serum and saliva samples of AR patients, but the correlation between them is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the levels and correlation of mite specific IgE and IgA against D. farinae and B. tropicalis in serum and salivary samples of AR patients and nonallergic rhinitis matched controls. Methods: A total of 205 adults were studied, they included 103 with AR and 102 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Among the 103 AR patients, 20 had concomitant asthma. Indirect ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum and salivary IgE and IgA respectively. Results: Correlation between the serum and salivary antibody levels was analysed using Spearman correlation test, while the differences between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis test. Serum IgE and IgA levels against D. farinae and B. tropicalis were higher in AR patients. Salivary IgA against D. farinae and salivary IgE against B. tropicalis were significantly higher in AR patients. Serum and salivary IgE levels were positively correlated with serum and salivary IgA levels in AR subjects against both mite species. There was no significant difference in antibodies levels between asthmatic AR and non-asthmatic AR to both mite species in serum and saliva samples. Antibodies levels were not correlated with severity of signs and symptoms in AR patients. Conclusion: The presence of high IgA level in saliva might be a potential investigation tool to test for allergic rhinitis when blood sampling is not an option.

The effect of PM10 on allergy symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients during spring season

Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) that originates in the Mongolian Desert in the spring induces serious respiratory health problems throughout East Asia (China, Korea, Japan). PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 100 μg/m 3 . Results: The PM10 concentration during the 120 days was <150 μg/m 3 . No significant correlations were observed between changes in the PM10

The effect of PM10 on allergy symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients during spring season.

Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) that originates in the Mongolian Desert in the spring induces serious respiratory health problems throughout East Asia (China, Korea, Japan). PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) is a major air pollutant component in ASD. We studied the effects of PM10 on allergy symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis during the spring season, when ASD frequently develops. Methods: We investigated the changes in allergic symptoms in 108 allergic patients and 47 healthy subjects by comparing their 120-day symptom scores from February to May 2012. At the same time, the contributions of pollen count and PM10 concentration were also assessed. We also compared symptom scores before and 2 days after the daily PM10 concentration was >100 μg/m3. Results: The PM10 concentration during the 120 days was <150 μg/m3. No significant correlations were observed between changes in the PM10 concentration and allergic symptom scores (p > 0.05). However, allergic symptoms were significantly correlated with outdoor activity time (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a PM10 concentration <150 μg/m3 did not influence allergy symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis during the 2012 ASD season.