Symmetric Cipher Algorithm Research Articles

Improving the security level of the information system using the SSL protocol

An important role in the organization of production sites is played by the security of information for the process of planning the management of the production site. Information security is a very important component of any information system used on the production site. Improving the quality of information system security can be achieved only by a set of data protection measures. The results of the implementation of these measures should provide a clear picture of the information system used, about users, about the separation of powers, etc., which will allow making the right management decisions in the event of an intrusion into the system. Improving the security of information systems, taking into account modern requirements of information security policies, involves the development of data protection concepts and the introduction of the latest encryption methods into the information system. The paper presents the concept of building an information system using data encryption based on SSL encryption. SSL — Secure Socket Layer, the level of secure sockets. SSL encryption is characterized by the creation of a cipher with a public key. This allows you to authenticate the user and the server by resorting to digital signature technology. In addition, this is how the session key is generated to develop a fast symmetric cipher algorithm, which allows you to encrypt a large mass of information.

Modern and Lightweight Component-based Symmetric Cipher Algorithms

Information security, being one of the corner stones of network and communication technology, has been evolving tremendously to cope with the parallel evolution of network security threats. Hence, cipher algorithms in the core of the information security process have more crucial role to play here, with continuous need for new and unorthodox designs to meet the increasing complexity of the applications environment that keep offering challenges to the current existing cipher algorithms. The aim of this review is to present symmetric cipher main components, the modern and lightweight symmetric cipher algorithms design based on the components that utilized in cipher design, highlighting the effect of each component and the essential component among them, how the modern cipher has modified to lightweight cipher by reducing the number and size of these components, clarify how these components give the strength for symmetric cipher versus asymmetric of cipher. Moreover, a new classification of cryptography algorithms to four categories based on four factors is presented. Finally, some modern and lightweight symmetric cipher algorithms are selected, presented with a comparison between them according to their components by taking into considerations the components impact on security, performance, and resource requirements.

Securing an Information System via the SSL Protocol

The aim of the study is to improve the quality and level of security of an information system for monitoring cargo vehicles at production sites via modern encryption methods, which will provide for accurate management decisions in the event of a system breach. In accordance with modern requirements of information security policies, enhancement of information system security assumes the development of data protection concepts and the implementation of the most advanced encryption methods within the information system. The paper presents the authors’ solution for constructing an information system using SSL-based data encryption, SSL standing for the Secure Socket Layer. The characteristic feature of SSL-based encryption is the creation of a public-key cipher. This enables user and server authentication via digital signature technology. In addition, the method produces a session key that can be used to develop a fast symmetric cipher algorithm that allows encrypting of large arrays of information. Based on the proposed concept, the authors develop an information system for monitoring cargo vehicles at production sites that employs SSL-based encryption.

A New Public-Key Cryptosystem Based on LCD Codes

A cryptosystem is a structure or scheme consisting of a set of algorithms that converts plaintext to ciphertext to encode or decode messages securely. The cryptosystem points at a computer system that employs cryptography. Cryptosystems are classified by the method they use to encrypt data. One of them is symmetric key encryption. While the symmetric key algorithm uses the same key for encryption and decryption, asymmetric key encryption or public-key encryption uses the different keys. So it is more reliable than symmetric cipher algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new public-key cryptosystem by using LCD codes and explain the signature protocol based on this system which is reliable.

Analysis the Structures of Some Symmetric Cipher Algorithms Suitable for the Security of IoT Devices

In the past years, the Internet of Things (IoT) used in different applications and very wide range of fields (e.g. cloud services, smart environments, logistics, social and personal domains, and healthcare services). The IoT included a variety of components and devices such as RFID devices, wireless sensors, actuators, and wireless networks. Also, the IoT with smart devices adopted in various companies, organizations and public services systems. For instance, some devices like Notebooks and smartphones have been used to perform different management activities and duties. These smart devices relied on data exchange and data storage resources in clouds computing services. In this context, the saved data and exchanged data required protection against hacking operations, transferred with more secure communications channels, and safe storage environment in the clouds and local storage systems. In this paper, we proposed some encryption algorithms to tackle the issue of data confidentiality in the IoT applications. This research provided analysis and investigation of these encryption algorithms in light of components of the designs, versions of these algorithms, encryption keys, block size, round functions and the techniques used in the designs.

A Lightweight Secure Access Protocol for Collecting Terminals in Power Internet of Things based on Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithm

In the development of Power Internet of Things, the types and number of terminals accessing to the power grid information network are growing rapidly, and the demand for identity authentication for master station and terminal is also increasing. This paper analyzes the characteristics and security access requirements of Power Internet of Things, then designs a security access protocol based on symmetric cryptographic algorithm for meters with limited manufacturing cost, computing power and storage resources. This protocol only uses the symmetric cipher algorithm with high computing speed and low resource consumption, which can realize the two-way identity authentication between the meter and the master station and update the session key for meter and master station based on the random initial value of the counter to establish a secure transmission channel. Finally, compared with other protocols, the proposed protocol is also effective in security and performance.

High-flexible hardware and instruction of composite Galois field multiplication targeted at symmetric crypto processor

Composite Galois field multiplication is one of the most important and complex nonlinear arithmetic unit in symmetric cipher algorithms. However, current hardware implementations are hard to maintain high performance and flexibility. Based on reconfigurable technology, we propose a flexible architecture of composite Galois field multiplication (RCGFM) and dedicated instructions of composite Galois filed multiplication (ICGFM) over $$GF((2^{n} )^{m} )$$ , where $$n = 8,m = 1,2,3,4$$ . The RCGFM adopts a serial–parallel mixed structure, which can achieve different Galois field multiplications with good parallelism and scalability. By extending the $$x^{k} B$$ multiplications of serial chain, where $$k = 1,2,3$$ , the RCGFM can concurrently support the composite Galois filed multiplications with higher orders, such as $$GF((2^{8} )^{m} )$$ , where $$m \ge 5,m \in {\mathbb{Z}}^{ + }$$ . Moreover, in order to reduce the instruction overhead of target symmetric crypto processor, the ICGFM is specially designed, which is composed of operation and configuration instructions for $$x^{k} B$$ and $$A \times B$$ over $$GF((2^{n} )^{m} )$$ . The ICGFM can be applied to RCGFM structure efficiently and flexibly by configuring the corresponding parameters. The experimental results show that under 0.18 µm CMOS technology, the maximum clock frequency is 625 MHz, while the area of circuit is 11.2 kilo gates. Compared with current researches, the RCGFM structure can improve the throughput rate more than a factor of 1.36x–9.19x, when normalized to the same technology and per kilo gates, the technology-scaled throughput rate increases more than a factor of 1.25x–4.4x, while the area overhead does not increase significantly. In addition, the ICGFM can reduce 1–2 orders of magnitude the number of instructions compared with other works. At last, the reconfigurable architecture we proposed supports different composite Galois field multiplications over $$GF((2^{n} )^{m} )$$ with more flexibility and efficiency.

Efficient & secure cipher scheme with dynamic key-dependent mode of operation

Security attacks are constantly on the rise leading to drastic consequences. Several security services are required more than ever to prevent both passive and active attacks such as Data Confidentiality (DC). A DC security service is typically based on a strong symmetric cipher algorithm. However, some of today’s applications, such as real-time applications and those running on constrained devices, require efficient lightweight cipher schemes that can achieve a good balance between the security level and system performance. Recently, a set of lightweight cryptographic algorithms has been proposed to that end, which is based on a dynamic key approach. The dynamic structure enables the reduction of the number of rounds to the minimum possible value of just one or two rounds, which minimizes the computational overhead without degrading the security level. This paper follows the dynamic key-dependent cipher logic and proposes a new flexible lightweight technique with or without the reliance on the chaining mode of operation. Furthermore, the dynamic key changes for each input message, which leads to different cipher primitives such as substitution and permutation tables, in addition to round keys. Also, the proposed mode of operation is based on the dynamic key approach whereby blocks are selected and mixed according to a dynamic permutation table. Accordingly, different plaintext messages are encrypted differently while preserving the avalanche effect. Finally, we conduct security and performance analysis to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed cipher scheme as compared to traditional ciphers and to the recently proposed dynamic key-dependent ciphers.

Research and design of reconfigurable matrix multiplication over finite field in VLIW processor

Matrix multiplication plays a pivotal role in the symmetric cipher algorithms, but it is one of the most complex and time consuming units, its performance directly affects the efficiency of cipher algorithms. Combined with the characteristics of VLIW processor and matrix multiplication of symmetric cipher algorithms, this paper extracted the reconfigurable elements and analyzed the principle of matrix multiplication, then designed the reconfigurable architecture of matrix multiplication of VLIW processor further, at last we put forward single instructions for matrix multiplication between 4×1 and 4×4 matrix or two 4×4 matrix over GF(28), through the instructions extension, the instructions could support larger dimension operations. The experiment shows that the instructions we designed supports different dimensions matrix multiplication and improves the processing speed of multiplication greatly.

Research and design of reconfigurable composite field multiplication in symmetric cipher algorithms

The composite field multiplication is an important and complex module in symmetric cipher algorithms, and its realization performance directly restricts the processing speed of symmetric cipher algorithms. Based on the characteristics of composite field multiplication in symmetric cipher algorithms and the realization principle of its reconfigurable architectures, this paper describes the reconfigurable composite field multiplication over GF((28) k ) (k=1,2,3,4) in RISC (reduced instruction set computer) processor and VLIW (very long instruction word) processor architecture, respectively. Through configuration, the architectures can realize the composite field multiplication over GF (28), GF ((28)2), GF ((28)3) and GF ((28)4) flexibly and efficiently. We simulated the function of circuits and synthesized the reconfigurable design based on the 0.18µm CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) standard cell library and the comparison with other same kind designs. The result shows that the reconfigurable design proposed in the paper can provide higher efficiency under the premise of flexibility.

An Efficient Encryption Scheme using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with Symmetric Algorithm for Healthcare System

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has been recognized as one of the promising wireless sensor technologies for improving healthcare service thanks to its capability of seamlessly and continuously exchanging medical information in real time. However, the lack of a clear in-depth defense line in such a new networking paradigm would make it potential users worry about the leakage of their private information, especially to those unauthenticated or even malicious adversaries. In this paper, we present efficient encryption method based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to protect patient’s medical data in WBANs. This method used the symmetric cipher algorithms (i.e., DES, modified Feistel algorithm, etc.) to encrypt or decrypt some sensitive patient’s medical data, and then use ECC to manage the key’s distribution, update and revocation.

Two-Key Dependent Permutation for Use in Symmetric Cryptographic System

This paper deals with a two-key based novel approach for generating a permutation table that can be used in a symmetric cryptographic system to cause diffusion. It also discusses how the permutation table generated using the approach can be applied to character based encryption and binary data block produced at intermediate stages by symmetric cipher algorithms. It also describes the effect of our approach on characters of intermediate text as well as on bits of binary data block along with the impact of a single bit change in key information on producing permutation sequences applied to plaintexts to produce ciphertexts. The results are satisfactory and the proposed approach can be employed in any symmetric block cipher algorithm that uses the predefined permutation tables.

A chaotic neural network-based encryption algorithm for MPEG-2 encoded video signal

In this paper, a cipher algorithm based on chaotic neural network CNN is used and integrated inside MPEG-2 video codec system to encrypt and decrypt the quantised coefficients and the motion vector data. This symmetric cipher algorithm was used to transform the plaintext into an unintelligible form under the control of the key. Chaos theory property and its effect on cipher algorithm have been investigated. Result shows that a minor-key modification of the receiver side will lead to unclear video scene with very low PSNR value of -18.363 dB. To reduce the required execution time for CNN cipher algorithm; a motion vector of video signal was selected for encryption and decryption instead of the quantised coefficients. Results indicate little execution time for motion vector encryption and decryption process of 5.498 and 5.381 seconds respectively, but the entropy value decreases to 7.645 as compared to the entropy value of the quantised coefficients encryption. The whole system model can control bit rate and video quality depending on the available bandwidth channel. It can be shown from results that by increasing video quality value the PSNR and the compressed bit rate values will increase also, but with penalty of compression ratio decreasing.

New Cipher Algorithm Based on Multiple Quasigroups

A new symmetric cipher algorithm is introduced in this article. This algorithm is based on multiple quasigroups (QGs), constructed by special kind of mapping called a complete mapping. All these transformations are controlled by equations for encryption and decryption QGs. So, there is a total storage reduction and an ability to use huge number of QGs with large order. Moreover, this proposal is enhanced with a new cyclic random permutation (CRP) to construct randomly big number of QGs. Analytical and comparative study concerned the proposal, was achieved. It proved its strength (key length 192 bits), its speed (encryption times comparable to standard already exists) and its immunity against most known attacks.