Symbolic Expressions Research Articles

Uniqueness of Gothic Style in Cathedral Church of Chirst in No 29 Marina Road, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria

Every church has its own character that is peculiar to it because churches are compilations of unique signs in form of ornaments. The functions that take place in them are reflected in architectural style adopted in the construction of the church. The significance of architectural features meaning must be planned while interpretation given to the building characters by the Church liturgy in history determined congregants ‘mode of worship. The Church become where symbols of religious language are used to express its faith and dispose all congregants to receive its vision and belief. Symbols are pictorial representations of beliefs. Choice of church forms depends on the liturgical requirements and symbolical architectural characters. The uniqueness in cathedral structures is of the hierarchy of Earth and Heaven and often reveals its meaning through the internal decoration of the building with frescos or mosaics. The aim of this research is to describe the features that distinguished Cathedral Church of Christ in No29 Marina road, Lagos Island, Lagos from other Cathedral Churches in Nigeria. Qualitative research method was used for this study; in-depth interview was conducted through spontaneous questions from the provost of the church and personal observation was conducted in the Cathedral. Place theory and sustainable theory was used to analyzed and presented the data collected. The church features and architectural concept of the cathedral was descriptively obtained from the provost. This study revealed that the cathedral church of Christ in Marina symbolizes the progression of the Christian soul towards Salvation. The cathedral was centrally planned. This study shows how Cathedral Church of Christ speaks volume about the built environment of the existing urban fabric, past historic, spiritual activities and symbolic expression of the church to congregants. This study advocates preservation from the perspective of sustainable principles of historical and socio-cultural practices for better adaptation of resources and concludes by recommending remedies towards conservations of Cultural/National heritage.

Evolving interpretable plasticity for spiking networks.

Continuous adaptation allows survival in an ever-changing world. Adjustments in the synaptic coupling strength between neurons are essential for this capability, setting us apart from simpler, hard-wired organisms. How these changes can be mathematically described at the phenomenological level, as so-called 'plasticity rules', is essential both for understanding biological information processing and for developing cognitively performant artificial systems. We suggest an automated approach for discovering biophysically plausible plasticity rules based on the definition of task families, associated performance measures and biophysical constraints. By evolving compact symbolic expressions, we ensure the discovered plasticity rules are amenable to intuitive understanding, fundamental for successful communication and human-guided generalization. We successfully apply our approach to typical learning scenarios and discover previously unknown mechanisms for learning efficiently from rewards, recover efficient gradient-descent methods for learning from target signals, and uncover various functionally equivalent STDP-like rules with tuned homeostatic mechanisms.

Symbolic value-flow static analysis: deep, precise, complete modeling of Ethereum smart contracts

We present a static analysis approach that combines concrete values and symbolic expressions. This symbolic value-flow (“symvalic”) analysis models program behavior with high precision, e.g., full path sensitivity. To achieve deep modeling of program semantics, the analysis relies on a symbiotic relationship between a traditional static analysis fixpoint computation and a symbolic solver: the solver does not merely receive a complex “path condition” to solve, but is instead invoked repeatedly (often tens or hundreds of thousands of times), in close cooperation with the flow computation of the analysis. The result of the symvalic analysis architecture is a static modeling of program behavior that is much more complete than symbolic execution, much more precise than conventional static analysis, and domain-agnostic: no special-purpose definition of anti-patterns is necessary in order to compute violations of safety conditions with high precision. We apply the analysis to the domain of Ethereum smart contracts. This domain represents a fundamental challenge for program analysis approaches: despite numerous publications, research work has not been effective at uncovering vulnerabilities of high real-world value. In systematic comparison of symvalic analysis with past tools, we find significantly increased completeness (shown as 83-96% statement coverage and more true error reports) combined with much higher precision, as measured by rate of true positive reports. In terms of real-world impact, since the beginning of 2021, the analysis has resulted in the discovery and disclosure of several critical vulnerabilities, over funds in the many millions of dollars. Six separate bug bounties totaling over $350K have been awarded for these disclosures.

Development of an Educational Code of Deriving Equations of Motion and Analyzing Dynamic Characteristics of Multibody Closed Chain Systems using GNU Octave for a Beginner

In this study, an automatic GNU Octave code, a free high-level language, for the educational purposes was developed to derive equations of motion and constrain equations of a multibody closed chain system and to calculate the response of the system. The code for calculating the dynamic response was developed by formulating several equations in symbolic expression and extracting differential-algebraic equations in matrix form. The code has a similar structure to the previous code for the open chained system, but it deals with the constraint equation and different numerical integration. The examples of closed chain systems provide an additional procedure to derive the constraint equations by using Lagrangian multiplication theory and to solve the differential-algebraic equations using the Runge-Kutta method. The code was made to understand the theory of analysis and the structure of calculation easily. In addition, the code has an automatic process of the derivation of the Lagrange equation and the constraint equations in matrix form after inputting the number of symbolic information such as position and velocity coordinates and design variables of the system that the user wants to review. The code was validated by comparing the dynamic response of the four-bar linkage with the same design variables and initial conditions of the previous work. By using the code, the reader's ability to exchange information such as symbols and matrices will be expected to be improved.

Wisdom and Mystical Thoughts on The Mirror-Tiles Art in Safavid Architectural Space and its Relationship With Sufism

The Mirror-tiles artwork is one of the latest initiatives of Iranian spiritual art which with its symbolic expression and mysterious character, conveys the revelations and mystical thoughts in the cover of matter and form to its audience and affects them consciously and unconsciously. This art is an esoteric language to convey intuitive concepts and to remind the way of their inherited life from the predecessors as traditional art has always been based on symbols and allegories and expresses the spirit of its time. The first peak of the Mirror-tiles used in architectural spaces in Iran coincided with the fusion of Sufism and Shi’ism in the early period of the Safavid Empire. The Safavid dynasty had Sufi roots and lineage, and among the Sufis, the inner language is the language of Shari’a and Truth, and the tools of that language are the symbol and indication. Has been rejected or neglected due to a lack of interest and attention to the registration of special documents, the secrets governing this system, new historical conditions, and profound and obvious developments in the realm of contemporary history. With the aim of the influence of the Persian mystical thoughts about the Mirror, this study with the available historical and contemporary sources and analyzing them deals with the hidden meanings in this art and reveals its connection with Sufism and Mysticism through mystical literature and its historical process.

A Relevant SNC Application for Data Computation using Python Programming

Multiple applications of cloud servicing can be seen in the field of logical programming as well as IT industries. Complex computations over local machines may demand for plenty of system resources thereby delaying the data processing operations. In order to achieve speed in processing one must opt for cloud computing techniques. Extensive maneuver of cloud services is desirable for scientific computation of user data and application. This will require a platform designed in a way to meet the specific requirements of individual users, providing an ease for moving their data and applications over different devices. Symbolic-Numeric Computation using cloud service platform is presented in the paper. In this approach user tasks are presented in the form of symbolic expressions using languages like Java, C/C++, APIs etc. Proposed work employs Python programming for carrying out compilation process.

Nominal Conceptualism and Logical Modelling of Agents’ Conceptions

In the view of my philosophical position ‘nominal conceptualism’, cognitive/knowledge agents, who are in some way aware of expressing the world based on their mental concepts, deal with their linguistic and/or symbolic expressions. In this paper I rely on nominal concep- tualism to logically characterise agents’ concept-based descriptions of the world and analyse a undamental logical system for conception representation.

ORNAMENT AS A LANGUAGE OF CULTURE: TRADITION AND MODERNITY

The Kazakh folk art clearly reflected the distinctive features of the applied national culture. Its origins go far back centuries, and it is nourished by the same inexhaustible source of folk art, which gives rise to any kind of art. This long-standing and eternally young art is brought to life by various kinds of people's desire to figuratively reflect their aesthetic perception of reality. From generation to generation, unnamed artists passed on their rich experience, contributing to the formation of a national style, national artistic traditions, which determines the unique originality of any folk art. Traditional folk culture in the past is universal, defining and regulating all aspects of community life: lifestyle, forms of economic activity, customs, rituals, adaptation of social relations of community members and attitudes towards nature, the world, beliefs, beliefs, knowledge, language and folklore, in the traditional symbolic expression. In folk art, we most often think that decoration is the carrier of the main ideas of the artistic form and the basis of tradition. When adornments are most often used as fine adornments in professional art, they play a special role in traditional art, especially as a language. The ornament is directly called "specific folklore", which is extremely important for revealing its meaning. We will not consider the artistic and spiritual integrity of the decoration itself, because this is impossible in this article, so we will dwell only on some of its aspects. The research was carried out within the framework of the project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AR09259280 "Languages ​​of Kazakh culture as the basis of ethnic identity: semiotics and semantics".

La pandemia nei sogni

The pandemic within dreams. The article aims to analyse different representations of the pandemic within dreams to trace correspondences between the symbolic expressions of the oneiric language and the sociology of the imaginary. The theoretical-methodological framework of Carl G. Jung and Marie-Louise von Franz guides the articulation of the essay. The unconscious lived through the memory of dreams has the typical and strong tendency to be projected externally, hence the hypothesis that it is possible to grasp its reflections in external reality and the social world. The question to be answered concerns which shared movements are present in the unconscious of individual subjects during the current period dominated by the pandemic and which relationships can be detected between the symbolic material emerging in individual dreams and some contemporary cultural phenomena. The empirical material is drawn from a series of interdisciplinary meetings regarding patients' dreams during the pandemic.

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High-performance symbolic-numerics via multiple dispatch

As mathematical computing becomes more democratized in high-level languages, high-performance symbolic-numeric systems are necessary for domain scientists and engineers to get the best performance out of their machine without deep knowledge of code optimization. Naturally, users need different term types either to have different algebraic properties for them, or to use efficient data structures. To this end, we developed Symbolics.jl, an extendable symbolic system which uses dynamic multiple dispatch to change behavior depending on the domain needs. In this work we detail an underlying abstract term interface which allows for speed without sacrificing generality. We show that by formalizing a generic API on actions independent of implementation, we can retroactively add optimized data structures to our system without changing the pre-existing term rewriters. We showcase how this can be used to optimize term construction and give a 113x acceleration on general symbolic transformations. Further, we show that such a generic API allows for complementary term-rewriting implementations. Exploiting this feature, we demonstrate the ability to swap between classical term-rewriting simplifiers and e-graph-based term-rewriting simplifiers. We illustrate how this symbolic system improves numerical computing tasks by showcasing an e-graph ruleset which minimizes the number of CPU cycles during expression evaluation, and demonstrate how it simplifies a real-world reaction-network simulation to halve the runtime. Additionally, we show a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation solver which is able to be automatically converted into symbolic expressions via multiple dispatch tracing, which is subsequently accelerated and parallelized to give a 157x simulation speedup. Together, this presents Symbolics.jl as a next-generation symbolic-numeric computing environment geared towards modeling and simulation.

A worked bone assemblage from 120,000–90,000 year old deposits at Contrebandiers Cave, Atlantic Coast, Morocco

SummaryThe emergence of Homo sapiens in Pleistocene Africa is associated with a profound reconfiguration of technology. Symbolic expression and personal ornamentation, new tool forms, and regional technological traditions are widely recognized as the earliest indicators of complex culture and cognition in humans. Here we describe a bone tool tradition from Contrebandiers Cave on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, dated between 120,000–90,000 years ago. The bone tools were produced for different activities, including likely leather and fur working, and were found in association with carnivore remains that were possibly skinned for fur. A cetacean tooth tip bears what is likely a combination of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic modification and shows the use of a marine mammal tooth by early humans. The evidence from Contrebandiers Cave demonstrates that the pan-African emergence of complex culture included the use of multiple and diverse materials for specialized tool manufacture.

베르그손의 지속이론을 바탕으로 한 무용창작에서의 시간성 표현에 관한 연구

This study intends to present possibility as new and expanded method of expression and widen scope of expression by applying it to creating works in order to recognize forms of diverse and flexible time which humans face in rapidly changing society due to new media and mediate importance and meaning of time that is ontological reality. Temporality shown in 「present prospect」, creative dancing work which appears through such process and characteristics of expression are as follows. Firstly, it is continuity by duration which is characterized by multiple expression. Temporality was expressed with dancers’ repeated movements. Secondly, it is immanence by intuition which is characterized by symbolic expression. Thirdly, it is reality by freedom which is characterized by amalgamative expression. Freedom in a work is visualized on a stage by feel of dancer’s movement, composition of movement path, and introduction of music and objects creating free and graceful atmosphere. The author of this thesis expects that this study will serve as an opportunity which makes people pay attention to temporality of dance that is art of moment.

How and why to express the emotions: A taxonomy of emotional expression with historical illustrations

AbstractRecent writing on the expression of emotion has explored the idea that there is a symbolic dimension to many “expressive actions.” This paper aims to situate and better understand the “symbolic expression” account by exploring its position in a framework of views from the history of philosophy regarding emotion, action out of emotion, and their place in the good human life. The paper discusses a number of competing views that can be found in this tradition, ranging from irrationalism, through irenicism, self‐externalization, and cognitivism to the symbolist tradition itself. In looking specifically at the roots of symbolism, the paper departs from the common view that Aristotelianism is the central tradition, for us, of thinking about philosophy of the emotions. It suggests that we can get a better grip on the source of these ideas by looking rather at how thinkers in the post‐Kantian and Romantic tradition wrestled with the question of the freedom and rationality of behaviour out of emotion.

The Color Palette in the Work of the Iranian Writer Rаziye Tujjar

The article analyzes the symbolic expressions reflected in colors in the stories of Razia Tujjar, one of the greatest representatives of modern Iranian literature. In modern Iranian literature, the famous writer Raziye Tujjar has a great ability to fully understand a woman's heart, reach the depths of a woman's heart, revealing all its secrets. Raziye Tujjar writes in a unique style that distinguishes her works from other writers for the richness of philosophical observations, the beauty of language and style, and the presentation of social problems. Most of the characters in her stories are women. The writer is very fond of colors in her stories. She sees the world through different colors and shades. Especially gray, full of hardships, she describes it and ends her work in a depressed state. Our scientific article also emphasizes the role of color symbolism in the richness of the literary imagery of the writer.

Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama

Critics, scholars and readers alike have hailed Tennessee Williams as the greatest Southern playwright and one of the most distinguished dramatists in the history of American drama. He is indisputably the most renowned American playwright of the second half of the 20th century. This article endeavors to make an overview of Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama, focusing on its main features such as characterization, art, language, major themes represented in his plays, etc. Williams introduced the innovative concept of the Plastic Theater into the American drama, which combined all elements of production- dialogue, action, setting, lighting, even props - in a unified and symbolic expression of truth. Williams was a very prolific playwright, poet and prose writer but his three plays- The Glass Menagerie, his most experimental play; A Streetcar Named Desire, his masterpiece; and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, his most popular play- have entered and captivated the imagination of theater audiences for generations.

Paradigma Pemahaman Hadis

The scholars look for formulas and strategies to explain the meaning of hadith. Many methods, techniques and approaches are offered by hadith scientists to pave the way for understanding hadith so that hadith which is a product of the past can be kept up to date and become a guide for Muslims who are rahmatan lil alamin. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the matan of hadith, one way is to have knowledge of the form of matan used by the Prophet Muhammad in the expression of hadith. The forms of hadith expressions referred to are Jawamil kalim, tamsil, ramzi, qiyas and conversational forms, which are the privileges of the Prophet Muhammad in conveying hadith. The five features are adapted to the case faced by the Prophet Muhammad, and cannot be focused on a particular hadith. Thus, the language of the Prophet's da'wah has a meaning value package in conveying parables and symbolic expressions for friends' questions. The expression in the form of matan, can be one of the tools in understanding hadith. This paper will describe the traditions that have the forms of matan which contain the five styles of language above, by presenting several examples that are elaborated on the thoughts or understandings of the hadith scholars.

The COVID-19 War in Ceramic Arts: Navigating Aesthetic and Symbolic Expressions

This paper reports on the production of a ceramic installation artwork that explores the story of the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by people throughout the world. The work is a symbolic expression in the form of a set of ceramic art models that portray the story of the battle between positive and negative values, expressed through a 3-dimensional visual ceramic installation consisting of an arrangement of statues that portray an imaginary battle between COVID-19 troops and Lord Krishna. The method used in the process of creating this work was a creative approach that combined appreciation and interpretation of the object of the creative idea. The artwork was made of plastic clay taken from the southern area of Malang regency, East Java, Indonesia, which was formed using a manual technique of direct hand massage and fired at a temperature of 900 °C. The COVID-19 phenomenon is imagined and visualized as a ceramic installation sculpture consisting of the imaginative figures of COVID-19 troops, led by the king of COVID-19 who is shown fighting with Lord Krishna. The result is a visual expression of the COVID-19 troops and their king, in several imaginative forms, carrying various weapons of war, in combat with the imaginary figure of Lord Krishna. The distinction of this work is its portrayal of a battle between positive and negative forces that have become a part of human life during the COVID-19 pandemic, expressed in a symbolic visual narrative through the arrangement of a set of ceramic sculptures.

Da dicotomia surdos versus ouvintes na tradução de contos clássicos a partir da cultura surda: um revide subversivo por meio da apropriação?

Durante a história da humanidade, por vezes, a surdez foi confundida com uma limitação, uma mazela ou até mesmo um castigo, delegando aos surdos condições periféricas e quase sempre condicionadas aos achismos do poderio hegemônico de cada dado contexto. Entretanto, na contemporaneidade é perceptível o despertar de uma consciência surda, uma busca por afirmação identitária, e a literatura traduzida, enquanto meio de expressão simbólica e produto de identidades capazes de construir significados socialmente reconhecíveis nos meios em que circula, atua como uma importante ferramenta de empoderamento sociopolítico e educacional dos surdos. Dessa forma, este artigo, enquanto recorte da pesquisa de mestrado intitulada A tradução de contos populares clássicos com escopos definidos: um passeio pelas versões impressas de Cinderela Surda (2003), Rapunzel Surda (2003) e Patinho Surdo (2005), desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras na Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), na área de concentração em Estudos Literários, visa refletir sobre a tradução dos contos populares clássicos a partir da cultura surda em Cinderela Surda (HESSEL; KARNOPP; ROSA, 2003), Rapunzel Surda (KARNOPP; ROSA; SILVEIRA, 2003) e Patinho Surdo (KARNOPP; ROSA, 2005). Tendo como referência os estudos de Venuti (2002), busco nessa análise investigar a representação das identidades culturais que se constroem neste processo tradutório.

A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals' capacity for symbolic behaviour.

While there is substantial evidence for art and symbolic behaviour in early Homo sapiens across Africa and Eurasia, similar evidence connected to Neanderthals is sparse and often contested in scientific debates. Each new discovery is thus crucial for our understanding of Neanderthals' cognitive capacity. Here we report on the discovery of an at least 51,000-year-old engraved giant deer phalanx found at the former cave entrance of Einhornhöhle, northern Germany. The find comes from an apparent Middle Palaeolithic context that is linked to Neanderthals. The engraved bone demonstrates that conceptual imagination, as a prerequisite to compose individual lines into a coherent design, was present in Neanderthals. Therefore, Neanderthal's awareness of symbolic meaning is very likely. Our findings show that Neanderthals were capable of creating symbolic expressions before H. sapiens arrived in Central Europe.