Symbol Of Medicine Research Articles

TIGER, LOUSE, COW, AND SO ON: ABOUT THE ANIMALISATION OF COVID-19

"In spring 2020, the world was engulfed by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its aroused disease COVID-19 pandemic, bringing in a variety of changes (including new realities and hitherto unprecedented restrictions) and initially causing a scare in people with how unexpected, wide-spread, unpredictable, and threatening it was. Different languages use a lot of similar metaphors for COVID-19, WAR being the most popular, and war, by definition, also implies an enemy. The conceptual metaphor of an ENEMY is often made more specific through the use of ANIMAL metaphors – in other words, through animalisation. COVID-19 is portrayed as a formidable enemy by comparing it to dry-land, aquatic, aerial predators (predator, tiger, lion, wolf, snake, eagle, shark, and so on), also by accentuating its claws, bite, devouring, or running wild; it is also often described by a pesky, omnipresent enemy that is hard to beat but is not necessarily so dangerous by using metaphors of insects (mosquito, louse, tick, wasp, cockroach, and so on). In turn, the fact that COVID-19 as an enemy has been beaten, subdued is evident in the use of metaphors of various domestic animals (dog, horse, cow, goldfish), as well as rabbit. Many of the conceptual metaphors of ANIMALS reviewed here are similar across most of the languages; however, some of them are ambivalent (in European languages, tiger signifies COVID-19 as an enemy, while in Indian comic books show a tigress as the Superwoman’s sidekick in her fight against the coronavirus; in many languages, the snake stands for COVID-19 as such, while a graphic example from memes to depict COVID-19 in Jordanian social media websites shows a snake (the symbol of medicine; a vaccine) defeating a bat – the symbol of the coronavirus)."

Visualization in medical advertising discourse in Germany

A study was made of non-verbal signs used to visualize the printed text of advertising, selected both by belonging to the corresponding subdiscourse and taking into account the territorial feature. Advertising as a type of media text, which has a special composition and influences consumer behavior with the help of specific means, consists of two interrelated codes: a verbal code and a visual code. It has been established that the non-verbal code of this type of text not only transmits information about over-the-counter drugs in order to maintain and enhance sales, but also contains information about the cultural situation of the country, about ethnocultural stereotypes and values prevailing in German society, contributing, in turn, their promotion in society. The authors, setting themselves the goal of identifying the visual resources involved in the creolized advertising texts of leading German pharmaceutical companies, attempt to systematize the idea of the visualization tools used here, correlating with gender parameters, national and cultural characteristics of Germany, its national identity, taking into account technological solutions in the colour picker. The suggestive potential of visual means that affect the potential consumer of over-the-counter medicines due to the appeal to what is close and understandable to him as a representative of a certain cultural community or gender has been determined. It was revealed that in the visual plan, advertising of over-the-counter drugs not only adapts to the cultural environment, reflecting the originality of the national-specific picture of the world of the Germans, their mentality and preferred lifestyle but also reveals a close connection with the symbols of medicine. Cultural signs, directly related to the cultural and value space of Germany, are a universal tool for influencing potential consumers of over-the-counter medicines.

Evolving emoji and dissolving devotion

Give this emoji a shot Attention, emoji fans: the syringe emoji is changing. Once filled with blood, this symbol of medicine is now clear for many Apple users, and it soon will be for Android users too. For many, the clear barrel will represent a vaccine. Keith Broni, the deputy emoji officer of Emojipedia, says emoji change all the time, sometimes in response to cultural shifts. And no bigger cultural shift has happened in the past few months than the release of COVID-19 vaccines. Emoji are a way to communicate complexity in a simple way (C&EN even has Chemoji that can add chemical flair to texts and emails). The blood-filled syringe emoji was originally meant to symbolize blood donation in Japan. Its evolution to a clear barrel this year is no surprise, Broni says. Emojipedia’s analysis of how the original syringe has been used on Twitter showed that by December

Synthetic antivenoms for snakebites: a slithering road!

Since Adam and Eve, humankind has been equally frightened and fascinated by snakes. The ancient Egyptians worshipped the cobra, which decorate sarcophagi and the famous mask of Tutankhamun. Even today, the snake is integral to the Staff of Asclepius, a symbol of medicine. To some extent, medicine has forgotten about the snake, however, bites from venomous snakes still pose a deadly impact on people in low-and middle-income countries. It is estimated that venomous snakes kill between 81,000 and 137,000 people every year, and maim around 400,000, which represents a huge impact both on families and social economics. Around 125 years ago, Calmette began to produce antivenom serum for snakebite victims. Since then, production methods have not changed significantly; then and now, antivenom is made by immunizing animals. Isolated antibodies can neutralize some of the most lethal toxins, thereby saving many lives. However, there is still a need for animals such as horses or sheep, as well as a snake farm, in order to acquire enough venom for immunization procedures. Animal-derived antibodies pose a threat, because they are foreign components injected into the human body, which can give rise to adverse immunogenic reactions. In a worst-case scenario this can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. Synthetic antivenom, is an interesting avenue, which could reduce or entirely remove the need for immunized animals and snake farms. Synthetic antivenoms could be made to high purity and eliminate many current challenges, such as batch-to-batch variations, high costs, limited shelf life and the need for ‘cold-chain’ transportation.

What is it to be a pharmacist? Reflecting upon symbolism

What is it to be a pharmacist? Reflecting upon symbolism

Why The Symbol Of Medicine is A Snake?

Why The Symbol Of Medicine is A Snake?

Does High Pressure Induce Structural Reorganization in Linear Alcohols? A Computational Answer.

We present an exhaustive computational study on the effect of high pressure on normal alcohols with alkyl chains with lengths of three-to-eight carbon atoms. 1-Propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol were studied by using classical molecular dynamics simulations and applying pressures in the range of 1 to 104 bar. The results of our calculations show that high-pressure values affect the structure significantly. In particular, we have observed a marked difference in behavior for alcohols with chain lengths below six and those with more than six or seven carbon atoms, with hexanol and heptanol being boundary cases. We have named the model with the most shrunk alkyl chains as the Asclepius form inspired by the Rod of Asclepius, the universally known symbol of medicine, in which a snake is coiled around a rod.

A new UV-LED device for automatic disinfection of stethoscope membranes

Stethoscopes are widely used by doctors and nurses. Poor stethoscope hygiene is a potential source of nosocomial infection. This study aimed to propose an innovative solution, based on the latest advances in ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), for disinfecting stethoscope membranes automatically and efficiently. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis were sown on 28 stethoscope membranes and then transferred to Petri dishes. Treatment involved illuminating exposed Petri dishes with a UVC LED for 1 minute. For each microbe, the number of colony-forming units (cfu) at 36°C was compared in control and treated dishes using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. TheKruskal-Wallis test was used to assess percent reductions in bacteria. Statistical significance was setat99%. A significant reduction in cfu counts after UV treatment (P<.01) was found for all bacteria: 85.5% for E faecalis, 87.5% for S aureus, 94.3% for E coli, and 94.9% for P aeruginosa . No significant differences in percent reduction in cfu were found between bacteria (P>.01). The stethoscope, symbol of medicine and health care professionals, has been demonstrated to be a carrier of microorganisms. The treatment technique was effective and efficient in disinfecting the membranes. These promising results represent a step forward toward eliminating stethoscope membrane contamination with an innovative approach.

The Asclepian rod and the return of Psychiatry to its home in medicine and neuroscience.

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) recently adopted the symbol of the rod (or Staff) of Asclepius, the Greek god of healing, embedded within the brain as its logo. The attached sketch by this author was made at the Wayne State School of Medicine in front of which is a statue of Asclepius (Fig. 1). Also shown in the inset is a sketch of the new APA logo. Asclepius, son of Apollo, is said to have lived between 12th and 5th century BC, and was considered as the ideal physician. Temple complexes in ancient Greece, called Asklepions, were centers for healing practices. The staff of Asclepius has a single serpent winding around a rod or tree trunk, and figures as the symbol for many medical organizations around the world, including the World Health Organization. However, some medical organizations use the caduceus with two serpents winding around a winged rod, which is the symbol of Hermes (or mercury, a greeco-roman god. Hermes was associated more with magical incantations rather than medicine; thus, the use of the caduceus as a symbol of medicine has been thought to be erroneous (Wilcox et al., 2003). The APA’s previous logo, since 1921, was the picture of Benjamin Rush, who is considered to be the father of American

La vara de Esculapio, símbolo de la medicina: Symbol of Medicine

Symbolism is one of the most archaic forms of human thoughts. Symbol derives from the Latin word symbolum, and the latter from the Greek symbolon or symballo, which means "I coincide, I make matches". The Medicine symbol represents a whole series of historical and ethical values. Asclepius Rod with one serpent entwined, has traditionally been the symbol of scientific medicine. In a misconception that has lasted 500 years, the Caduceus of Hermes, entwined by two serpents and with two wings, has been considered the symbol of Medicine. However, the Caduceus is the current symbol of Commerce. Asclepius Rod and the Caduceus of Hermes represent two professions, Medicine and Commerce that, in ethical practice, should not be mixed. Physicians should be aware of their real emblem, its historical origin and meaning.

English

his bullet point from the physician’s oath is engraved around the margins to remind us that as physicians we should treat and care for each patient equally and in an unbiased manner, but at the same time understand that a universal treatment plan will not apply to all patients. This requires us as physicians to develop cultural competency and be aware of patient diversity. The symbol of medicine in the center represents the power granted to us as physicians. However, we have to be careful not to abuse that power. Instead, we have to do our best to meet eye to eye with our patients to encourage communication and develop a shared treatment plan. Therefore, the symbol of medicine stands out, but if we remove the margin, all the colors blend because, at the end of the day, despite our role as physicians, we are still people who can get sick and make mistakes. Medicine is about teamwork. We bring our own unique experiences to the field, and we need to work together regardless of our title or specialty choice. This includes other healthcare professionals and support staff. To represent this, the symbol of medicine is composed of different colors to showcase the variety of careers that encompass the field of medicine. Reflections

Медицина в символах і емблемах

Medical emblems and symbols of medicine are considered in a lecture.

Our Science is Better than Yours: Two Decades of Data on Patients Treated by a Kardecist‐Spiritist Healing Group in Rio Grande do Sul1

ABSTRACTThis article examines whether a group of Brazilian Kardecist‐Spiritists are using the symbols of medicine and science to gain respectability and to better promote their beliefs and ritual activities or whether they are using the view of the world proposed by their founder to forge a new paradigm to replace science, as we know it. Their therapeutic practices, which range from the performance of surgeries without anesthesia and antisepsis to “teleporting” the astral bodies of patients to the spirit world where they are treated for illnesses acquired during previous lifetimes are described and analyzed in terms of their worldview which postulates reincarnation. Data indicating positive results from a sample of patients treated for illnesses they claim to be caused by experiences in previous lives are presented.

One Snake or Two: The Symbols of Medicine

In antiquity, Asklepios was portrayed with a stout staff around which was coiled a snake. Hermes (Mercury), the messenger of the gods, was portrayed with a wand, often with wings, around which were coiled two snakes. During the Renaissance and up to modern times, in varied locales, each icon has been termed the caduceus and afforded the status of the symbol of medicine. It is proposed that this confusion did not arise from ignorance, but from the loss of the deeper significance of the symbols, and from the replacement of religious iconographic constraints by aesthetic and decorative considerations.

Of White Coats and StethoscopesON THE COVER1999 Frank Netter Arts Contest for Medical StudentsSerpents, Staffs, and the Emblems of MedicineAesculapius: A Modern TaleThe White Coat: Why not Follow Suit?Rejuvenating the Symbols of Medicine

A WHITE COAT. THE COUNTRY DOCTOR’S BLACK BAG. A STETHOSCOPE. A snake-entwined staff. The oath of Hippocrates. The clinical acumen of Osler and the compassionate service of Schweitzer. These are the symbols and personifications of our chosen profession. One symbol of medicine since antiquity has been the Aesculapian staff. A glance through this journal will uncover the staff in the American Medical Association’s emblem, depicting a snake coiled around the rough, knotty staff of the Greek physician Aesculapius. In this issue of MSJAMA, Nathan W. Williams explores the connection between snakes and the art of healing across cultures; Judith Anne Stanton introduces us to Aesculapius. Williams reveals that the serpent can represent the forces of both healing and destruction. Stanton demonstrates that society’s alternating praise and distrust of the medical profession have been present throughout time and suggests that such ambivalence will continue. Valerie A. Jones turns her attention to another Greek healer, Hippocrates, who bestowed on modern medicine a legacy of ethical thought embodied in his famous oath. This pledge has become part of a new ceremony that Jones describes in her discussion of a second inherited symbol of the profession—the physician’s white coat. Timothy Lahey, MD, argues that we must preserve the purity of the meaning behind such symbols as the white coat by always acting in the best interest of our patients. By exploring the symbols that form and influence the culture of medicine, we hope to come closer to the heart of what it means to be a physician.

Rejuvenating the Symbols of Medicine

Rejuvenating the Symbols of Medicine

Rejuvenating the Symbols of Medicine

Rejuvenating the Symbols of Medicine

The Symbol of Medicine: Aesculapius or Caduceus?

To the Editor. —Since antiquity, the Aesculapian staff has served as a symbol of medicine and the art of healing. The emblem is depicted by a single serpent coiled around a rough, knotty staff. For various reasons, the symbol of medicine is often misrepresented as the caduceus, a winged staff with 2 intertwined serpents. Though similar in appearance and today often used interchangeably, the staffs have neither the same meaning nor the same origin. The origin of the Aesculapian staff is subject to broad speculation. However, there are 3 accounts that suggest its origin. The first is from Greek mythology. 1 In this myth, Aesculapius, the Greek god of medicine, observes a serpent placing a magical herb in the mouth of a dead snake. The herb brings the snake back to life. The second account, also from mythology, maintains that the god Aesculapius was imported to Rome (circa 295 BC)

At Law: Grandma? No, I'm the Mother!

Not for nothing is the caduceus, with its intertwined snakes, the symbol of medicine: the snake has mystical powers for good but it can also wound. Over the last thirty years medical science has helped to liberate women by offering them greater control over reproduction. But some recent developments have provoked a reaction that could restrict rather than enhance the choices available to women about this central and highly personal issue. Indeed, in January a bill passed the French Senate that would prohibit the use of reproductive options in certain cases. Of course, adverse reaction to women's having reproductive choices is nothing new. Some feminists have suggested, for example, that the continuing attempts to restrict abortion through legislation are as much as anything an expression of male rage at a loss of control not just over having children but over the lives of women. And even the landmark decision in Roe v. Wade held that it is "the attending physician, in consultation with his patient, [who] is free to determine . . . that in his medical judgment, the patient's pregnancy should be terminated."[1] Those who favor enhancing choices about reproduction have generally embraced the medical wizardry that allows them not only to avoid unwanted pregnancy and child-birth but to overcome infertility. Although they admit some distinctions between negative and positive rights, scholars like John Robertson have argued that the society should respect a constitutionally based "procreative liberty" that would protect people's choice either to avoid reproduction or to engage in it by a variety of means and with the help not only of physicians but of women who contract to undertake a pregnancy (surrogate mothers) and donors (or vendors) of eggs and sperm.[2] New reproductive techniques have been producing ethical dilemmas and demands for governmental control for decades. In the United States, a number of states have adopted laws (usually restrictive) regarding contract pregnancy, but the regulation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has aimed at ensuring the quality of the facilities that offer reproductive services. Starting this fall, a new federal statute establishes a uniform reporting system for the clinics' success rates. Ironically, public shock and the first signs of restriction of individual choice to reproduce have arisen not from a medical failure but from perhaps the most startling instance of "success" to date. Over the past four years several physicians both here and abroad have been able to assist fifty to seventy-five women to become pregnant. The cause for alarm? The women are postmenopausal, the oldest being a sixty-two-year-old Italian who became pregnant using donated eggs, fertilized in vitro before transplantation. While the first results were reported several years ago, the subject only received widespread attention in December, when a fifty-nine-year-old British woman announced that she had given birth to twins with the help of Dr. Severino Antinori's fertility clinic in Italy. As with many biomedical developments, the first reaction (after amazement that anyone that age would want a newborn, much less two) was shock at the unnaturalness of the procedure. Defenders responded that medicine is centrally concerned with altering the natural course of events, from preventing infections to replacing failed organs. Moreover, while menopause at forty made sense biologically when the average life span was roughly that, it makes less sense today, when most women can expect to live about twice that long. Some people were offended at the idea that once again women were going to have more choices about becoming mothers, timing the decision to their own convenience, undeterred by the ticking of their "biological clocks." The physicians involved report, however, that most of their patients had tried to become pregnant using other methods for many years. Other critics argued that it was cruel for children to have parents who will have difficulties dealing with the rigors of midnight feedings and the other ordeals of having young children - or worse, might not live to see the children through their teenage years or college graduation. …

The Golden Wand of Medicine: A History of the Caduceus Symbol in Medicine

This is the most thorough discussion of the relationship between the caduceus and medicine that has been written. Friedlander, a Professor Emeritus of Medical Humanities at the University of Nebraska, provides an in-depth analysis of how the caduceus, the wand of the Greek god Hermes (the Roman Mercury), has come to be inappropriately used by some as the symbol of medicine. The Golden Wand of Medicine is an excellent historical analysis with good documentation of the facts and sources, but it is relatively dull reading. Take, for example, the two chapters about Hermes. The author describes in detail the various Greek Hermes—the pre-Homeric Hermes, the archaic Hermes, and the traditional Hermes—then devotes another chapter to the Egyptian Hermes—Hermes-Thoth, Hermes Trismegistus, and Pseudo Hermes Trismegistus—more than you ever wanted to know about Hermes. The evolution of the caduceus is traced from its first appearance in the seventh century BCE to its