Conversion Of Symbols Research Articles

Symbol-level scheme for combating eavesdropping: Symbol conversion and constellation adjustment

In the non-orthogonal multiple access scenario, users may suffer inter-multiuser eavesdropping due to the feature of successive interference cancellation, and the conditions of eavesdropping suppression methods in the traditional schemes may not be satisfied. To combat this eavesdropping, we consider physical layer security and propose a novel scheme by specially designing symbol conversion and constellation adjustment methods. Based on these methods, the amplitudes and phases of symbols are properly changed. When each user intercepts information as an eavesdropper, he/she has to accept high error probability, or he/she has to undergo exorbitant overhead. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can protect the privacy of information, and this protection does not destruct the execution of successive interference cancellation and symbol transmission.

A drop of light: an interactive new media art investigation of human-technology symbiosis

Human-technology interactions have constantly exposed humans’ technologically mediated perception to a psychological paradox of two conflicting coupled states. The first supports human capabilities, whereas the second affects individuals’ self-perceptions. “A Drop of Light” is an interactive new media art investigation based on human-computer interaction. It seeks to reproduce this paradox by developing a computer-generated holographic spot. This spot acts as a responsive technological hypermedium with which participants interact, and their technologically mediated perceptions are embodied, expressed, and analyzed. By defining and applying three structural principles of an assumed technological embodiment model of human perception, a dialogue was established between the generated holographic spot and the participants to facilitate three levels of integration with the technological hypermedium. The project culminated in the creation of an empirical interactive installation performance employed as an experimental psychology lab. In this exhibition-based lab, the interaction zone embodied the performer’s hesitation mode. Her technological attitude and consequent responsive activities oscillated between technophilia and technophobia. These are two conflicting psychological states. By analyzing the interactions’ real-time-based processes, the role of the structural principles was validated. They were instrumental in developing the technologically mediated symbolic conversation between the performer and the hypermedium. Operationally, the principles equipped the conversation’s two parties to upgrade their mutual interactions toward a symbiotic coexistence in the installation’s ecosystem. Through this, the performer’s hesitation mode was reduced, and her balanced technological attitudes were validated. Within this context, the project emphasizes how interactive new media practices contribute. They help investigate participants’ technologically mediated experiences and behaviors. They also aid in the derivation of related quantitative and qualitative data in favor of human perception studies and related psychological inquiries.

The left digit effect in an unbounded number line task.

The left digit effect in number line estimation refers to the phenomenon where numerals with similar magnitudes but different leftmost digits (e.g., 19 and 22) are estimated to be farther apart on a number line than is warranted. The effect has been studied using a bounded number line task, a task in which a line is bounded by two endpoints (e.g., 0 and 100), and where one must indicate the correct location of a target numeral on the line. The goal of the present work is to investigate the left digit effect in an unbounded number line task, a task that involves using the size of one unit to determine a target numeral's location, and that elicits strategies different from those used in the bounded number line task. In a preregistered study, participants (N = 58 college students) completed four blocks of 38 trials each of an unbounded number line task, with target numerals ranging between 0 and 100. We found a medium and statistically reliable left digit effect (d = 0.70). The study offers further evidence that the effect is not driven by response strategies specific to the bounded number line task. We discuss other possible sources of the effect including conversion of symbols to magnitudes in these and other contexts.

Nonlinear Fourier transform receiver based on a time domain diffractive deep neural network

A diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) is proposed to distinguish the inverse nonlinear Fourier transform (INFT) symbols. Different from other recently proposed D2NNs, the D2NN is fiber based, and it is in the time domain rather than the spatial domain. The D2NN is composed of multiple cascaded dispersive elements and phase modulators. An all-optical back-propagation algorithm is proposed to optimize the phase. The fiber-based time domain D2NN acts as a powerful tool for signal conversion and recognition, and it is used in a receiver to recognize the INFT symbols all optically. After the symbol conversion by the D2NN, simple phase and amplitude measurement will determine the correct symbol while avoiding the time-consuming NFT. The proposed device can not only be implemented in the NFT transmission system, but also in other areas which require all optical time domain signal transformation and recognition, like sensing, signal coding and decoding, beam distortion compensation and image recognition.

Neural-network-based direct waveform to symbol conversion for joint ISI and ICI cancellation in non-orthogonal multi-band CAP based UDWDM fiber-mmWave integration.

The six-generation mobile network (6G) based on millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver more capacity and higher connection density compared with 5G. We demonstrate an ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM) fiber-mmWave integration network based on non-orthogonal multiband carrier less amplitude and phase (NM-CAP) modulation to address the needs for dense access cells, high-spectral efficiency, and high data rate. We demonstrate a neural-network-based waveform to symbol converter (NNWSC), which can directly convert the received NM-CAP waveform into quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols to simultaneously handle the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI), without the need for conventional matched filters and additional ISI and ICI equalizers. Experimental results show that this method is also effective for QAM constellations with probabilistic shaping. Since NNWSC simplifies the demodulation process of NM-CAP and avoids error accumulation caused by cascading filters and post-equalizers, NNWSC can reduce the computational complexity and provide good performance. Compared with the regular receiver with cascaded least mean square equalizer, matched filters, and ICI equalizer, NNWSC can reduce the computational complexity by 93%. The demonstrated spectrally efficient fiber-mmWave transmission is achieved at a total 414-Gbps net data rate with 24 PS-QAM NM-CAP sub-bands on 8 UDWDM channels with 25-GHz spacing.

Evaluating the Potential of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice) in Treating Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis Approach

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is used to treat alcoholic liver injury in China; however, its pharmacological mechanism remains to be clarified. Here, the potential of G. uralensis for the treatment of alcoholic liver injury was explored using a network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. The effective components and targets of G. uralensis were searched in a traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. Disease targets were obtained using the GeneCards and OMIM databases. The target genes of G. uralensis and alcoholic liver injury were compared to obtain common target genes. Symbol conversion was carried out using the Uniport database, and the composition–target network of G. uralensis and alcoholic liver injury was prepared. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Gene Ontology functional enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed. AutoDock was used for the molecular docking of core compounds and key targets. One hundred and ninety-three common target genes of G. uralensis and alcoholic liver injury were screened. We identified targets of five active components of G. uralensis, namely, formononetin, 3′-methoxyglabridin, glypallichalcone, 1-methoxyphaseollidin, and glabridin. The main targets identified via the protein–protein interaction network analysis were JUN, MAPK3, STAT3, AKT1, and MAPK1. The biological processes associated with xenobiotic stimulus and lipopolysaccharide metabolism were involved. These biological processes were common between Glycyrrhiza treatment and liver injury. They mainly involved lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenic gene-receptor activation, and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Shinpterocarpin and 7-methoxy-2-methyl-isoflavone had good docking effects with MAPK3, and their binding energies were less than −5 kcal/mol. Based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses, the chemical compositions, potential targets, and pathways involved in G. uralensis treatment of alcoholic liver injury were successfully predicted. This study lays a foundation for the selection of drugs to treat alcoholic liver injury.

Visual Translation of Traditional Chinese Costume Culture

The interpretation and dissemination of Chinese traditional costume culture to foreign countries has been carried out mainly through interlingual translation, based on the conversion of linguistic symbols. However, the text-based translation strategy is limited by its original limitations, resulting in the target audience in a heterogeneous culture not being able to interpret the cultural connotations behind traditional Chinese costumes accurately. That’s why a large number of cultural elements originated in traditional costumes in the original language being diluted in communication, which is named as the phenomenon of culture dilution. Confronted with this phenomenon, the diverse visual symbol system has, to a certain extent, compensated for the lexical gap in language translation and provided a space for interpreting the unique cultural elements in traditional Chinese costume culture, becoming an essential means of promoting traditional costume culture.

Method for predicting the remaining mileage of electric vehicles based on dimension expansion and model fusion

Accurately predicting the remaining mileage of electric vehicles (EVs) can effectively alleviate user's mileage anxiety and develop refinement of energy management strategy. However, traditional prediction methods not only consume time and resources, but also accumulate errors and lack interpretability. In this paper, we proposed a model based on dimension expansion and model fusion strategy, which uses the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to directly predict the remaining mileage of EVs. After pre-processing the real running data of EVs, we constructed the field of remaining driving range and analyzed the relationship between features and remaining driving range, and then directly predicted the remaining driving mileage. Compared with other machine learning methods, XGBoost model has the highest accuracy. Then dimensional extended data set was obtained based on prior knowledge and symbol conversion, which improved the model performance. Finally, the model fusion strategy was adopted to further improve the generalization ability and stability of the model. The experimental results show that the Bootstrap aggregating (Bagging) fusion model has the highest predictive performance on the test set and outperformed other methods. The maximum RAE is not more than 3.5%, RMSE is less than 3km and MAE is about 2 km.

Symbolic Conversion of Holonomic Functions to Hypergeometric Type Power Series

A term $a_n$ is $m$-fold hypergeometric, for a given positive integer $m$, if the ratio $a_{n+m}/a_n$ is a rational function over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. We establish the structure of holonomic recurrence equation, i.e. linear and homogeneous recurrence equations having polynomial coefficients, that have $m$-fold hypergeometric term solutions over $K$, for any positive integer $m$. Consequently, we describe an algorithm, say $mfoldHyper$, that extends van Hoeij's algorithm (1998) which computes a basis of the subspace of hypergeometric $(m=1)$ term solutions of holonomic recurrence equations to the more general case of $m$-fold hypergeometric terms. We generalize the concept of hypergeometric type power series introduced by Koepf (1992), by considering linear combinations of Laurent-Puiseux series whose coefficients are $m$-fold hypergeometric terms. Thus thanks to $mfoldHyper$, we deduce a complete procedure to compute these power series; indeed, it turns out that every linear combination of power series with $m$-fold hypergeometric term coefficients, for finitely many values of $m$, is detected. On the other hand, we investigate an algorithm to represent power series of non-holonomic functions. The algorithm follows the same steps of Koepf's algorithm, but instead of seeking holonomic differential equations, quadratic differential equations are computed and the Cauchy product rule is used to deduce recurrence equations for the power series coefficients. This algorithm defines a normal function that yields together with enough initial values normal forms for many power series of non-holonomic functions. Therefore, non-trivial identities are automatically proved using this approach. This paper is accompanied by implementations in the Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) Maxima 5.44.0 and Maple 2019.

Design and Development of Video-Conferencing System with Sign Language Detection and Voice Recognition using Machine Learning Techniques

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or non-verbal means, including speech or oral methods, writing or gestures and behaviour. In this modern and fast-paced world communication is now easier and more accessible to everyone whether it is audio or video communication. But this comes with some challenges, when we talk about a country or country like India, people speak a thousand languages and learning all languages is not possible, so with the help of voice to a text recognition system, supported by mechanical learning it is possible to transform human language and actions into an internationally accepted language like English. Thus it can be understood by all. Language is a correspondence medium. It's hard to speak with individuals who talk an assortment of dialects. Individuals with incapacities and others with extraordinary requirements Text correspondence is trying for individuals with dyslexia. Address right now, text and interpretation applications are accessible disconnected substances are accessible This is a report about a program that takes sound and changes it to message, as well as some other language, eminently Indian, is utilized to interpret their material dialects. It utilizes a direct Translator API. Speaking with the Deaf (deaf/mute) is a primary task in our society today; this may be due to the truth that their way of communique (symptoms or gestures) requires an interpreter at all times. The conversion of symbols into text may be executed by the use of system mastering algorithms. This project pursuits to construct video conference systems that can guide signal language discovery and translation. Powerful and advanced machine gaining knowledge of fashions with the right statistics could be used to obtain excessive efficiency and accuracy.

Bentuk Komunikasi Simbolik Pada Prosesi Maperas Dalam Upacara Potong Gigi Di Desa Alasangker Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng

The Teeth Cutting Ceremony or Mapandes is one part of the Manusa Yajña ceremony which is generally carried out when a person begins to grow up to be a teenager or adult. In general, the implementation of the tooth-cutting ceremony in the Alasangker village of Buleleng District, Buleleng Regency in general is the same as the implementation of the Tooth Cutting ceremony in other places, both in the procession and in the ceremony. However, there is one ritual procession that is tucked away in the tooth-cutting ceremony in Alasangker Village, namely the Maperas ritual procession. In the Maperas procession there is a symbolic conversation between parents and children during the ceremony. The symbolic communication that occurs between parents and children in this Maperas ritual is an interaction that occurs both verbally and non-verbally with a religious nuance. The religious nuance is because there are moral messages contained in it.

Neurophysiological tracking of speech-structure learning in typical and dyslexic readers

Statistical learning, or the ability to extract statistical regularities from the sensory environment, plays a critical role in language acquisition and reading development. Here we employed electroencephalography (EEG) with frequency-tagging measures to track the temporal evolution of speech-structure learning in individuals with reading difficulties due to developmental dyslexia and in typical readers. We measured EEG while participants listened to (a) a structured stream of repeated tri-syllabic pseudowords, (b) a random stream of the same isochronous syllables, and (c) a series of tri-syllabic real Dutch words. Participants’ behavioral learning outcome (pseudoword recognition) was measured after training. We found that syllable-rate tracking was comparable between the two groups and stable across both the random and structured streams of syllables. More importantly, we observed a gradual emergence of the tracking of tri-syllabic pseudoword structures in both groups. Compared to the typical readers, however, in the dyslexic readers this implicit speech structure learning seemed to build up at a slower pace. A brain-behavioral correlation analysis showed that slower learners (i.e., participants who were slower in establishing the neural tracking of pseudowords) were less skilled in phonological awareness. Moreover, those who showed stronger neural tracking of real words tended to be less fluent in the visual-verbal conversion of linguistic symbols. Taken together, our study provides an online neurophysiological approach to track the progression of implicit learning processes and gives insights into the learning difficulties associated with dyslexia from a dynamic perspective.

Navigating the London-French Transnational Space: The Losses and Gains of Language as Embodied and Embedded Symbolic Capital

In this article, an interdisciplinary lens is applied to French migrants’ reflections on their everyday language practices, investigating how embodied and embedded language, such as accent and London-French translanguaging, serve as both in-group and out-group symbolic markers in different transnational spaces. Key sociological concepts developed by Pierre Bourdieu are deployed, including field, habitus, hysteresis and symbolic capital, to assess the varying symbolic conversion rates of the migrants’ languaging practices across transnational spaces. A mixed-methodological and analytical approach is taken, combining narratives from ethnographic interviews and autobiography. Based on the data gathered, the article posits that the French accent is an embodied symbolic marker, experienced as an internalised dialectic: a barrier to inclusion/belonging in London and an escape from the symbolic weight of the originary accent in France. Subsequently, it argues that the migrants’ translanguaging functions as a spontaneous insider vernacular conducive to community identity construction in the postmigration space, but (mis)interpreted as an exclusionary articulation of symbolic distinction in the premigration context. Finally, the article asks whether participants’ linguistic repertoires, self-identifications and spatialities go beyond the notion of the ‘cleft habitus’, or even hybridity, to a post-structural, translanguaging third space that transcends borders.

Fátima – a fábula mística e o papel da literatura

The analysis of the literary production on the subject of Fatima, published in Portugal between 2015 and 2017 on the occasion of the centennial of the events in Cova da Iria, is an opportunity to reflect on the role of the literary device within the ecclesial discourse, showing that the more autonomous in its aesthetic rationality, the more spiritually and sapientially effective it is. Affirming itself as one of the possible expressive vectors of the symbolic conversion of vision into apparition (in the hermeneutical sense of the term), the poetic word is especially receptive to the mystical dimension that constitutes the Fatima secret, and its force of attraction for so many souls, be they believers or not. Finally, this paper provides a short overview of the works analysed.

Symbol Condensation and Design of Cultural & Creative Products in Regional Cultural Context

The attractiveness of cultural & creative products on spreading and “recurring” regional culture is the key to the shaping of urban culture. In this paper, starting from the differences of regional cultural contexts, we discussed the explicit culture and implied culture in cultural symbols and put forward new ideas on regional cultural context reconstruction and symbol condensation and conversion. The symbolic design of cultural & creative products in the cultural context of Spring Festival education in Xi’an was taken as an example here, and the method proposed herein was further clarified through cultural context reconstruction of “Yanta Praying” activity and symbolic design of educational & cultural products.

What Is Specific and What Is Shared Between Numbers and Words?

Reading and spelling performance have a significant correlation with number transcoding, which is the ability to establish a relationship between the verbal and Arabic representations of numbers, when a conversion of numerical symbols from one notation to the other is necessary. The aim of the present study is to reveal shared and non-shared mechanisms involved in reading and writing of words and Arabic numerals in Brazilian school-aged children. One hundred and seventy-two children from second to fourth grades were evaluated. All of them had normal intelligence. We conducted a series of hierarchical regression models using scores on word spelling and reading single words and Arabic numerals, as dependent variables. As predictor variables we investigated intelligence, the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory (WM) and phonemic awareness. All of the writing and reading tasks (single word spelling and reading as well as number reading and number writing) were significantly correlated to each other. In the regression models, phonological WM was specifically associated to word reading. Phonemic awareness was the only cognitive variable that systematically predicted all of the school skills investigated, both numerical and word tasks. This suggests that phonemic awareness is a modular cognitive ability shared by several school tasks and might be an important factor associated to the comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia.

Overview of Hidden Markov Model for Test-To-Speech Synthesis Methods

Speech synthesis is the process of production of artificial speech. The system used for generation of speech from text is called as text-to-speech (TTS) system. In TTS system, text and voice models for a particular language or multiple languages are given as input to the system, which generates speech as output corresponding to the provided voice models. Speech synthesis systems can be extremely useful to people who are visually challenged, visually impaired and illiterate to get into the mainstream society. More recent applications include spoken dialogue systems and communicative robots. HMM (Hidden Markov Model) based Speech synthesis is the emerging technology for TTS. HMM based speech synthesis system consists of training phase and synthesis phase. In the training part, phone and excitation parameters are extracted from speech database and modeled by context dependent HMMs. In synthesis part, the system will extract the suitable phone and excitation parameters from the previously trained models and generates the speech. The primary goal of Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis is to convert an arbitrary input text into intelligible and natural sounding speech. A TTS system trained for a particular language can be used to synthesize arbitrary text in that language. The accuracy of speech synthesis system depends on the quality of the recorded speech data base and the speaker. TTS uses linguistic analysis for correct pronunciation, prosody (pitch, duration etc.,) and acoustic representations of speech to generate waveforms. TTS system includes two main components: the front-end and the back-end. The front-end is the part of the system closer to the text input which is responsible for text analysis where conversion of ambiguous symbols like dates to their equivalent word format and grapheme to phoneme conversion takes place. The back-end is the part of the system that is closer to the speech output which converts the output of the front-end (phonetic transcriptions and prosodic information) to the corresponding waveform.

Orientalizing Southern Europe?: Spain Through the Eyes of Foreign Travelers

This essay explores the role that eighteenth-century travellers assigned to Spain in the imaginary geography of European civilization, looking at the origins of the Romantic orientalizing stereotypes. If the full incorporation of Spain within the geographical and imaginary frontiers of the European world was still quite evident, and its imperial role acknowledged, its symbolic conversion (among other South-European countries, but even more so) into a somewhat exotic “Other” of north-west Europe would be accomplished in the nineteenth century, with lasting effects even today. The eighteenth century represents a particularly interest transition period of conflicting representations of Spain, which have to be understood within the broader contexts of Enlightenment political and philosophical reflection on cultural differences, and of the building of national and European identities.

Executive dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and its correlation with P300

To explore the changes of executive function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and analyze its correlation with P300 event-related potentials. Fifty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 30 age, gender and education-matched healthy control subjects were assessed by neuropsychological tests, including Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), working memory, verbal fluency, trail making, digit span, digit symbol and Stroop color-word interference to detect P300 event-related potentials. In temporal lobe epilepsy group, the scores in MoCA, verbal and non-verbal working memory, verbal fluency, digit span, digit symbol and Stroop test were lower than those of the normal control group. And trail making tests A and B became prolonged (P < 0.05). Comparing with normal control group, temporal lobe epilepsy patients had prolonged latency [(332 ± 33)ms] and decreased P300 amplitude [(10 ± 8)µV] (P < 0.05). Comparing epileptogenic focus group on the left and right sides, there was statistically significant difference in verbal working memory (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation of P300 latency and MoCA, non-verbal working memory, digit span and digit symbol test scores (r = -0.29--0.45, P < 0.05). And a positive correlation of P300 amplitude and MoCA, non-verbal working memory, digit symbol conversion and Stroop scores was also found (r = 0.37-0.47, P < 0.05). P300 amplitude was more relevant to overall cognitive level and executive functions. Temporal lobe is involved in the regulation of executive functions. Besides a wide range of cognitive impairment, temporal lobe epilepsy patients have a number of executive dysfunctions, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention and inhibitory control ability. And an impairment of verbal working memory is evident in left-sided lesion. Their manifestations include decreased latency and amplitude of P300 on executive function tests. Therefore these two objective parameters may be employed to evaluate the cognitive impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Research of FH-MFSK Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Non-Binary LDPC Codes

Compared with binary-modulation, Multiple-modulation can obtain higher rate of transmission in the condition of same symbol-rate. If using binary channel codes with multiple-modulation, there exists an problem of information-loss of the probability from bit to symbol conversion. Underwater acoustic channel is an multipath, time-variation, high-noise and strong doppler-effect wireless channel, which leads to high error-rate caused by signal distortion. To solve the problems above, we adopt FH-MFSK modulation to overcome the inter-symbol interference by multipath. The PN sequence is used as a frame synchronization signal and frequency energy accumulation method is used to detect the frame-synchronization. PN hopping signal is chosen to estimate the doppler frequency-shift and using non-binary LDPC codes based on symbol for channel error codes. Finally, We perform numerical simulations and the experiments on the lake to show that compared with binary LDPC codes, non-binary LDPC codes for multiple-modulation can achieve same error-rate under lower SNR.