Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in farm animals and the recent surge of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) in developing countries poses a serious threat to public and animal health. This study aimed to assess the herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine TB in cattle in northeast regions of Bangladesh. A total of 485 dairy samples (385 from dairy milk and 100 from vendor's milk) were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique at 16 Upazilas from 4 districts in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh. Genomic DNA extracted from milk samples were targeted at IS6110 and RV1506c genomic fragments for PCR. Among the 385 milk samples tested, 15 milk samples were positive for Mycobacterium genus by PCR (3.90%, 95% CI: 1.95-5.84). Also, 10 samples were found to be positive for M. bovis and the prevalence was 2.60% (95% CI: 1.00-4.19) and only 2 milk samples were positive for M. tuberculosis by PCR whose prevalence was 0.52% (95% CI: 0.00-1.24) respectively in individual milk samples. In vendor's milk sample, the trend was lowered for each bacterium and indirect ELISA results agreed with a similar pattern of prevalence. Cows having chronic cough was one of the significant risk factors of herd-level prevalence. Findings from this study necessitate a comprehensive program for TB surveillance of associated risk factors or protective factors in human, environment and animal interface.

Background: Suicide remains a major global public health concern,claiming 705000 lives per year. Understanding the pattern of suicide is crucial for effective prevention strategies. To highlight the importance of recognizing patterns for designing effective prevention strategies and intervention. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was done at Department of Forensic Medicine of Sylhet MAG Osmani medical college to analysis the pattern of suicidal cases during the study period from January 2024 to January 2025. After reviewing all postmortem report 100 cases of death were found due to suicidal cases during the study period. Results: The highest number of the victim 40 were from the age group 21 to 30 years followed by 30 from the age group of 11 to 20 years and 91 cases come from different rural areas where 64 cases were male and 36 cases were female.The commonest method was hanging (47) then poisoning (42) lastly through drowning (11). Conclusion: A deeper understanding of these patterns can inform targeted intervention, promote mental health awareness and ultimately help to reduce the incidence of suicide globally. Journal of Brahmanbaria Med. Coll. Volume 07 Issue 02 July 2025 ; 22-24

Background: Photo anthropometry is a scientific method that involves using photographs to analyze the proportions of various body parts and to obtain measurements, which can vary significantly across different racial groups. This study aimed to explore photo-anthropometric variations by evaluating the nasofrontal and nasal tip angles of the external nose in Bengali and Manipuri adult males residing in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, between January 2022 and December 2022. Fifty (50) Bengali and fifty (50) Manipuri adult males, aged 25 to 59 years, were chosen through convenient sampling. Photoanthropometric methods were used to collect data from the Sylhet region. The results were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and the two-sample mean "Z" test was employed to compare findings between the groups. Results: The angular measurements of the external nose, the nasofrontal and nasal tip angles, were significantly higher in Manipuri adult males compared to Bengali adult males (p£0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study will be valuable in the fields of Anatomy, Plastic Surgery, Forensic Medicine, Genetics, and Anthropology for purposes such as identification, planning corrective surgical procedures, and designing nasal models for different ethnic groups. Journal of Brahmanbaria Med. Coll. Volume 07 Issue 02 July 2025 ; 3-7

Sexual intercourse is integral part of physical well-being health especially in married couple's life. Unhappiness and life dissatisfaction can be positively influenced by sexual inactivity (SI). Sexual inactivity was defined as no sexual frequency among reproductive married women in the last month. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sexual inactivity and its associated risk factors among Bangladeshi reproductive married women. Cross-sectional study design data from the most recent Bangladesh Health and Demographic Survey conducted in 2022 was utilized. The analysis included 14,650 reproductive heterosexual married women (RHMA). The associations between sexual inactivity and exposure variables were evaluated using Pearson's Chi-square test, and the prediction model considered the multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of sexual inactivity among RHMA in Bangladesh was 6.72% (95% CI 0.93-0.94). This study shows that in Bangladesh, reproductive heterosexual married women from the Dhaka region, Khulna region, and Sylhet region, who have a height below < 164cm, who have a husband aged 30-40years, are more likely to be sexually inactive. The odds of sexual inactivity were lower among RHMA who household heads were, who were aged ≥ 40years, and whose husbands were unemployed. All these factors were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Women's age significantly affect sexual inactivity among the women in their reproductive age in Bangladesh. To overcome SI problem government and nongovernmental organization must take effective measures to improve women education level, reproductive health-care service, including sexual health of childbearing age.

An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh during October 2015 to October 2016 to find out the effect of environmental factors on growth and yieldperformances of the mungbean varieties in Sylhet region. At the present experiment mungbean variety BARI mung-6 was evaluated at thirteen different sowing dates started from October 2015 (S1) to October 2016 (S13). Due to unfavorable environmental conditions, only plants grown from nine sowing dates could successfully complete vegetative and reproductive phase. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and maintain 3 plots for each sowing time. The combinations of treatments were allocated randomly to the plots in each replication. The unit plot size was 10 m2 (4m × 2.5m). The distance between the replication was 1.0 m and the adjacent unit plot was 0.5 m. The result of the experiment revealed that maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature had positive relationship along with other factors on yield and yield attributes of mungbean. Temperature parameters showed significant positive correlations (p≤0.01) with most growth and yield attributes, while relative humidity and rainfall showed weaker, non-significant associations. The highest grain yield (866.07 kg ha-1) was obtained 1 October, 2015 sowing and lowest (131.79 kg ha-1) was obtained 1 November, 2015 sowing (S2). The results also showed that BARI mung-6 performed better in 1 October, 2015 sowing and 8 April, 2016 sowing in Sylhet. J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 12(2): 97-104, 2025

The present study focused on investigating the Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) and condition factors of Mystus cavasius species in Tanguar Haor, Bangladesh, over a time frame from November 2022 to June 2023. A total of 800 Mystus cavasius specimens werecollected using a variety of equipment and nets with the assistance of local fishermen. The length of each fish was measured in centimeters (cm) using a digital slide caliper, while their body weight was determined in g by using a digital balance. The analysis revealed significant differences in the LWR parameters such as rate of change of weight with length (a), weight at unit length (b), condition factor (k), and the co-efficient of correlation (r2), across different months. The maximum value of parameter a (intercept) for M. cavasius was observed in June 2023, reaching 4.4106, whereas the lowest a value occurred in May 2023 of 0.5605. Similarly, the maximum b value of 1.4463 was recorded in May 2023, while the lowest b value of 0.6155 was observed in December 2022. The condition factor (k) exhibited its peak value in March 2023 (0.8400), followed by a subsequent increase to 1.0221 in May 2023. Regarding the coefficient of correlation (r2), the highest value of 0.9531 was documented in December 2022, indicating a strong relationship between length and weight. Conversely, the lowest r2 value of 0.8563 was observed in May 2023, suggesting a relatively weaker correlation during that period. These findings provide valuable insights into the length-weight relationships and condition factors of M. cavasius in Tanguar Haor, such information is crucial for understanding the growth and overall well-being of this species in the study area, thereby facilitating effective fisheries management and conservation efforts. J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 12(2): 105-116, 2025

ABSTRACT Floods pose significant threats to Bangladesh, frequently causing the loss of lives, properties, infrastructure, and livelihoods. This study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of the 2022 Sylhet flood by integrating Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery with socioeconomic datasets. Otsu thresholding method was used to estimate water extent before, during, and after the 2022 flood event in the Sylhet region. Results suggest that over 1,600 km² of land in Sylhet division was inundated, with Habiganj district experiencing the highest surge. More than half a million people were directly impacted, alongside significant damage to cropland and urban areas. Furthermore, the study highlighted substantial impacts on urban built-up areas and cropland across districts. Cumulative cropland damage increased from 3376.30 km² in June to 4701.30 km² in July, indicating severe consequences for agricultural productivity. Concurrently, the affected built-up areas were found to be 40.9 km², emphasizing the impact on human settlements. By providing a detailed assessment of flood extent and damage, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, planners, and disaster management authorities. The findings support the development of targeted strategies for flood risk reduction, agricultural resilience, and the mitigation of future disaster impacts in vulnerable regions of Bangladesh.

One of the major components required to ensure safe motherhood is taking a sufficient number of skilled antenatal care (SANC) visits by women during pregnancy. Various social, demographic, and economic factors have a strong influence on it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits are required for uncomplicated pregnancies and delivery of a healthy baby. SANC serves this purpose efficiently. As a result, modeling the number of SANC visits and identifying its determinants is crucial for the Bangladesh government in adopting appropriate policies and programs. In this study, we used score tests to assess dispersion in the count data and selected the Generalized Poisson Regression Model (GPRM) based on the lowest AIC (15,839.2) and BIC (16,001.7) values. Analysis of BDHS 2022 data (n = 3,839) revealed that only 38.6% of women received the recommended four or more SANC visits, with an overall mean of 3.06 visits. Key predictors of higher SANC utilization included urban residence (IRR = 1.09, p < 0.01), higher women's education (IRR = 1.57, p < 0.001), exposure to media (IRR = 1.16, p < 0.001), and being in the richest wealth quintile (IRR = 1.22, p < 0.001). In contrast, women in the Sylhet region (IRR = 0.89, p = 0.009) and those with higher birth order had lower SANC visit rates.

In the present article, I have discussed the linguistic characteristics of the language ‘Laleng Thar’ spoken by the Patro community residing in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh. As the Patro community does not have its own script, they use the Bengali script to write their language. Therefore, in order to uncover new linguistic aspects, the ‘Laleng Thar’ language requires further research. In the present article, I have used a qualitative method in the linguistic analysis. Several important findings have emerged in this paper through the linguistic analysis of the ‘Laleng Thar’ language. These are as follows: 1) the use of five new consonant sounds. 2) A morphemic writing system that follows the Chinese language. 3)The extinction of certain counting-related words. 4)The use of some words of common genders alongside masculine and feminine words. 5)The influence of English and Hindi on the language. The present article is the result of an exploratory research on the ‘Laleng Thar’ language. Mother Language, 2024; 8(1-2): 49-69

Mental health symptoms pose a significant vulnerability to stressful life events among currently married women, adversely impacting their overall well-being and quality of life. This study explores the spatial patterns and factors associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of both symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. This study utilised data from 13,372 (weighted) currently married women aged 15–49 years in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022, which used a cross-sectional design. Multivariable logistic regression models determined the associated factors. Additionally, spatial distribution and hotspot analysis were conducted using ArcGIS version 10.8. The weighted prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety, depressive symptoms and co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive (CAD) symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8%, 4.5%), 4.8% (95% CI: 4.7%, 5.4%) and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1%, 2.6%), respectively. Clustering of anxiety symptoms (Moran’s I = 0.063, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (I = 0.091, p < 0.001) and CAD symptoms (I = 0.082, p < 0.001) were observed, with hotspots in Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong regions. Logistics regression analysis shows that currently married women who were living in the Barishal, Khulna, Rangpur and Sylhet regions, who belong to households with a higher wealth index, who experienced high levels of intimate partner violence (IPV), have completed high school, who are sexually inactive and whose husbands are unemployed, were more likely to experience CAD symptoms. Additionally, currently married women of reproductive age, whose age was 25–34 years, who are labourers, whose pregnancies are terminated and who have ≥5 children ever born, are at a higher risk of having anxiety symptoms. Besides, currently married women aged 25–34 years and 35–44 years, who are underweight, were more likely to have depressive symptoms. The findings highlight a significant regional disparity in the burden of anxiety, depressive and CAD symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. These findings can help design site-specific programmes and actions for women in the hot spot areas of Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong.

Mental health symptoms pose a significant vulnerability to stressful life events among currently married women, adversely impacting their overall well-being and quality of life. This study explores the spatial patterns and factors associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of both symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. This study utilised data from 13,372 (weighted) currently married women aged 15-49years in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022, which used a cross-sectional design. Multivariable logistic regression models determined the associated factors. Additionally, spatial distribution and hotspot analysis were conducted using ArcGIS version 10.8. The weighted prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety, depressive symptoms and co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive (CAD) symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8%, 4.5%), 4.8% (95% CI: 4.7%, 5.4%) and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1%, 2.6%), respectively. Clustering of anxiety symptoms (Moran's I=0.063, p<0.001), depressive symptoms (I=0.091, p<0.001) and CAD symptoms (I=0.082, p<0.001) were observed, with hotspots in Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong regions. Logistics regression analysis shows that currently married women who were living in the Barishal, Khulna, Rangpur and Sylhet regions, who belong to households with a higher wealth index, who experienced high levels of intimate partner violence (IPV), have completed high school, who are sexually inactive and whose husbands are unemployed, were more likely to experience CAD symptoms. Additionally, currently married women of reproductive age, whose age was 25-34years, who are labourers, whose pregnancies are terminated and who have ≥5 children ever born, are at a higher risk of having anxiety symptoms. Besides, currently married women aged 25-34years and 35-44years, who are underweight, were more likely to have depressive symptoms. The findings highlight a significant regional disparity in the burden of anxiety, depressive and CAD symptoms among currently married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. These findings can help design site-specific programmes and actions for women in the hot spot areas of Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong.

Abstract Background Hypertension is a major public health concern in Bangladesh and a leading contributor to cardiovascular disease. To address this, the Bangladesh Hypertension Control Initiative (BHCI) was launched in 2018 in Sylhet district, expanded to Sylhet division in 2021, and further extended to other divisions in 2023. The initiative aims to improve hypertension detection, treatment, and control by strengthening primary healthcare services through the NCD corners. Purpose This study aims to assess community level hypertension control rate in Bangladesh by comparing data from BDHS 2017-18 and BDHS 2022. It examines changes in hypertension control rates over time and evaluates sociodemographic variations to identify disparities in hypertension control. Methods This secondary analysis used data from BDHS 2017–18 and BDHS 2022, two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Both datasets included adults aged ≥18 years, with sample sizes of 13,131 in BDHS 2017–18 and 14,296 in BDHS 2022. Blood pressure was measured using a standardized digital monitor, and hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or current antihypertensive use. Community control rate of hypertension was defined as the proportion of hypertensive individuals on antihypertensive treatment who had controlled blood pressure (&amp;lt;140/90 mmHg). Weighted adjusted marginal prevalence of community control rate was estimated across sociodemographic groups using multivariable logistic regression, accounting for the complex survey design. Results For BDHS 2017–18, 27.5% of adults were hypertensive, with 42.4% aware, 37.0% treated, and 12.5% controlled (14.9% urban, 11.5% rural). By BDHS 2022, hypertension prevalence declined to 20.5% (95% CI: 19.6–21.4), while awareness, treatment, and control rates increased to 54.3% (95% CI: 52.0–56.6), 44.6% (95% CI: 42.1–47.0), and 19.3% (95% CI: 17.5–21.1), respectively (22.6% urban, 17.9% rural). The adjusted community control rate in BDHS 2017–18 was higher among adults aged 45–59 years (14.5%, 95% CI: 12.3–16.6), females (15.2%, 95% CI: 13.5–17.0), individuals with higher education (14.6%, 95% CI: 10.7–18.6), and residents of Sylhet (18.3%, 95% CI: 13.6–23.0). By BDHS 2022, community control improved, with higher rates among older adults (60+ years: 23.6%, 95% CI: 20.3–26.8), individuals with higher education (30.7%, 95% CI: 24.8–36.7), and residents of Sylhet (30.2%, 95% CI: 23.4–36.9). Conclusion Between BDHS 2017–18 and BDHS 2022, hypertension prevalence declined, while community control rates improved. However, disparities persist, with lower control rates in rural areas and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The BHCI has likely contributed to the substantial improvement in hypertension control observed in the Sylhet region. These findings highlight the effectiveness of structured, community-based hypertension management programs in improving blood pressure control.

This study evaluates seasonal variations in water quality parameters (WQPs) of the Surma River, Bangladesh, and investigates their implications for aquatic ecosystems and fisheries sustainability in flood-prone areas. Utilizing Sentinel-2 remote sensing data and ground-truth sampling conducted during the monsoon, winter, and summer seasons of 2023–2024, the research identifies spatial and temporal trends in key WQPs, particularly total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and electrical conductivity (EC). Statistical and regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships between seasonal dynamics and water pollution indicators, with a focus on potential toxicological risks to aquaculture. The findings highlight the significant influence of seasonal flooding and anthropogenic discharges on water quality degradation, posing a threat to fish health and public safety. By integrating geospatial and field-based approaches, the study provides actionable insights for environmental monitoring, water resource management, and aquaculture resilience in the Sylhet region. These results underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies and regular water quality assessments to mitigate pollution impacts in vulnerable riverine systems.

ABSTRACT This study looks at the Sylheti diaspora in the United Kingdom and examines whether their identity reflects a form of cultural exceptionalism or a contested nationalism. Originating from the Sylhet region of Bangladesh, the Sylheti community has a distinct dialect, customs and heritage that often sets them apart from other Bangladeshi communities. Through qualitative interviews and ethnographic research, we explore the complex narratives surrounding Sylheti identity. Participants revealed a sense of belonging to their Sylheti roots that sometimes contrasts with the broader Bangladeshi identity. This unique perspective can lead to a sense of cultural distinctiveness, even in the context of Bangladesh itself, where Sylheti identity may not always align with the mainstream national narrative. Our findings suggest that the Sylheti diaspora in the United Kingdom embodies a dual identity, with people often identifying as either Sylheti or British, or a combination of both, rather than having a broader Bangladeshi identity. This complex interplay between cultural heritage and national identity leads to an understanding of how diasporic communities manage their identity in a multicultural environment. This research contributes to the wider discourse on diaspora, cultural identity and nationalism and offers insights into the unique experiences of the Sylheti community in the United Kingdom.

Enterobacter, a genus in the Enterobacteriaceae family, includes 22 recognised species, some of which are linked to health-related infections. Though not all cause diseases, Enterobacter is implicated in hospital-acquired and, to a lesser extent, community-acquired infections like urinary tract infections and soft tissue infections. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify Enterobacter species from different clinical samples and to determine antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. This cross-sectional study conducted in a well-equipped private laboratory in the Sylhet region from January to December 2022 aimed to comprehensively investigate the isolation, identification, and sensitivity patterns of Enterobacter species across various clinical samples. A total of 400 cases with clinical symptoms suggestive of infections were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. In this study encompassing 400 clinical samples, 71 (17.8%) cases yielded positive cultures of Enterobacter species, with urine samples exhibiting the highest culture positivity rate at 22.2%, followed by wound swabs at 15.5%, and blood at 5%. The predominant species identified were E. Cloacae (76.1%) and E. aerogenes (23.9%). Antibiotic resistance patterns varied, with amikacin and levofloxacin showed the highest sensitivity at 94.4% and 91.6%, respectively, while cefixime and meropenem demonstrated the highest resistance at 69% and 66.2%, respectively. The study highlighted that Enterobacter exhibited diverse responses to different antibiotics, with the highest sensitivity observed for amikacin and levofloxacin, while cefixime and meropenem had the highest resistance. Higher resistence to multiple antibiotics posing challenges in clinical management. Jalalabad Med J 2023; 20 (2): 65-71

Tourism contributes to economic growth and social development. It also poses challenges to disaster-prone regions. The tourism sector in Bangladesh, particularly Sylhet region, is rapidly growing. This study examines residents’ perceptions of tourism’s impact and its relationship with community resilience in Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj and explores how does tourism influence on economic opportunities, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability while assessing the community’s ability to adapt to natural disasters. In this study, a mixed-method approach was used, incorporating surveys and interviews with 360 residents from Tahirpur and Dharmapasha upazilas (an administrative unit). The data collected from the survey was systematically encoded, processed, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to ensure accuracy and reliability. The study indicate that tourism positively impacts the local economy by generating employment and improving infrastructure, yet it also exacerbates economic inequality. While tourism promotes cultural activities and environmental awareness, residents expressed concerns about cultural erosion, social issues, and ecological degradation. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between tourism’s environmental impact and community attachment (r = 0.975, p &lt; 0.01), suggesting that positive environmental perceptions enhance community ties. Additionally, economic benefits from tourism were significantly linked to adaptive response (r = 0.755, p &lt; 0.05), indicating that tourism-driven economic stability improves disaster preparedness. However, economic gains were also associated with heightened environmental fragility (r = 0.749). The study highlights the need for sustainable tourism policies that integrate disaster risk reduction strategies, ensuring a balance between economic benefits and community resilience for long-term sustainability in vulnerable regions.

Rice is the principal staple crop, securing nutritional demand for more than half of the world's population. Due to unpredictable rainfall patterns, frequent flash floods, and higher acidity, rice production challenges are increasing day by day in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. A study was conducted in the haor area of Sylhet with 51 local and high yielding rice varieties (HYVs) in the Boro and Aman seasons. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to observe phenology, yield characteristics, and yield of rice varieties. BRRI dhan85 (145.82 days), BRRI dhan84 (148.32 days), BRRI dhan81 (148.38 days), and local cultivars Tepi (128 days) and Rata (129 days) were short-duration Boro rice varieties. In contrast, BRRI dhan75 (117 days), BRRI dhan33 (122 days), BRRI dhan39 (126 days), and local cultivars Lalbinni (119.66 days) and Nazirshail (121 days) were short-duration Aman rice varieties. BRRI dhan29 (6.11 t ha-1), BRRI dhan28 (5.50 t ha-1), and BRRI dhan92 (5.50 t ha-1) showed maximum yield in Boro season, while BRRI dhan49 (4.59 t ha-1), BR22 (4.47 t ha-1), and BR11 (4.41 t ha-1) showed maximum yield in Aman season. BRRI Dhan85, Tepi, BRRI dhan39, and Nazirshail are short-duration and high-yielding rice varieties/cultivars among Boro HYVs, Boro local, Aman HYVs, and Aman local rice cultivars respectively. PCA revealed significant genetic variation where first three PCs accounted for 60% of total cumulative variability. PC1 and PC2 exhibited most of the variation (33% and 47% of the total cumulative variability). Cultivating these high yielding and short-duration rice could help to escape the impact of flash floods and increase the ultimate rice production in this region. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 23(2): 129-140, 2025

Transnational connections and religious change: How UK Bangladesh diaspora networks shape religious practices in Sylhet

Tumour is an alarming issue for pet animals, especially for dogs and cats. Mammary gland tumour is the most concerning type for pets after lymphoma and skin tumours. To know the clinical features in the mammary gland, size and stage of the tumour, growth and supply of lymphatic vessels and blood vessels ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic tool. Haematological examination for blood test measure is a classical way to identify the malignancy stage of tumour, which we used for our study. Initially, 10 dogs were proposed to conduct the study but different circumstances like a devastating flood in the greater Sylhet region ultimately delayed our working period. For these reasons, we conducted our study on 8 dogs. Among 8 examined dogs, two were found positive by ultrasonography using B-mode which implies a prevalence of 25% (2 out of 8). Several studies reported a high prevalence of mammary gland tumours in case of dogs. Lower prevalence according to our study, maybe because we examined stray dogs and they acquire strong natural immunity and Canine mammary gland tumours are less prevalent in dogs under the age of 5 years and the average age of dogs examined by our study was 1.875 years. To determine if there is any difference between the ultrasound positive and negative dogs, one sample t-test was done where test positive and test negative is the independent variable and all the blood parameters are the dependent variable and the blood parameters significantly vary (p-value&lt; 0.001) between positive and negative animals. Again, using B-mode was not efficient enough to see the differences between malignant and benign tumours. However, the study result of this project can be used for baseline information of future similar studies. Further study should be conducted with higher age groups and sophisticated diagnostic tools. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 12, No. 1, April 2025: 53-62

Irrigation scheduling with drip irrigation is a crucial management technique for ensuring optimal soil moisture, thereby promoting plant growth, production, and economic return while enhancing water efficiency. Tomato crops, a mass consumer product grown worldwide, face significant challenges in the Sylhet region due to inefficient water management. To ascertain the best watering schedule for tomato crops based on evapotranspiration, a field experiment was carried out utilizing a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and four replications. The six treatments include two irrigation frequencies (daily basis, F1 and every alternate day, F2) with three water doses W1, W2, W3 (i.e., 50%ETc, 75%ETc, 100%ETc). The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate crop water requirements, and water for farming was applied according to designated schedules. Data analysis using SPSS 23 revealed that the impacts of irrigation frequency and water doses on plant growth, fruit yield, and water use efficiency were significant, except for stem diameter. The plant height, number of fruits, number of flowers, yield, and water use efficiency were increased with increasing water doses and decreased with decreasing water doses. The maximum yield was gained by increasing irrigation frequency at F1 and water dosage at W3, but the highest WUE was obtained at a lower irrigation frequency under the treatment F2, with the highest water dose at W3. The study concluded that the irrigation scheduling F1W3 was the best in balancing tomato productivity, fruit quality, and WUE in this study. The findings of this study will help local farmers make sustainable decisions about their irrigation methods.