PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于水敏性城市设计的城市水环境污染控制体系研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201408311727 作者: 作者单位: 重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆开县澎溪河湿地自然保护区管理局 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项(2013ZX07104-004-05);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51278505) Construction of the urban water environmental pollution control system based on the ecological ideas of water sensitive urban design Author: Affiliation: College of Resource and Environmental Science,Chongqing University,College of Resource and Environmental Science,Chongqing University,College of Resource and Environmental Science,Chongqing University,College of Resource and Environmental Science,Chongqing University,College of Resource and Environmental Science,Chongqing University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:随着城市化进程加快,自然地表被硬化的不透水地面所替代,城市面源污染加剧,城市水环境恶化成为限制城市发展的关键因素。水敏性城市设计(Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD)提出从城市设计和生态管理角度实现城市发展与水环境保护的共同目标。综述了WSUD理论内涵、设计原则、技术体系以及隐含在其中的生态学思想,提出当前WSUD理论发展需要进一步完善的技术体系,整合生态学思想以及建立科学的效益评估方法,并与传统生态智慧关联,为WSUD在我国的发展和研究提供科学参考。同时,基于WSUD技术及蕴含于其中的生态智慧,针对三峡库区城市水环境特点和城市面源污染特征,兼顾城市景观优化、生物生境再造、生态服务功能优化与城市建设协同发展,采取生态缓冲、湿地消纳和自然调控相结合的综合防控思路,以水陆界面生态屏障综合控制为主线,根据城市生活区-休闲娱乐区-水陆界面缓冲区3个空间层次,提出城市污染源头-滨湖绿带-生态护坡-基塘湿地-自然消落带多重拦截和消纳的城市水环境污染控制体系,形成三峡库区水敏性城市设计与建设的模版和参考,为三峡库区城市水体污染控制提供科学依据,促进三峡库区水质保护与城市人居环境协同发展。 Abstract:For the first time in history, the majority of the world's population is located in urban areas. This milestone marks a critical turning point that will dramatically affect land and water environments. Increasingly, our cities need to be designed for adaptability and resilience to the impacts of population growth, urban densification, and increase in impervious areas, on the urban water environment. The water sensitive urban design (WSUD) has evolved from its early association with stormwater management to provide a broader framework for sustainable design and urban water management. It provides a common and unified method for integrating the interactions between the urban built form and the urban water cycle environment. This paper presents an overview of theory meaning, key principles, and technical architecture of WSUD, and at the same time, ecological ideas of WSUD has been summarized combined with the traditional ecological wisdom, which comprises the "all things together" theory, the idea of "daofaziran"(following nature's lead), "design with nature", and the idea of "ecological systems". WSUD technologies include green roofs, rain gardens, bioswales, soakaways, wet basins, dry basins, etc. However, to date, few studies have been conducted on the classification of all of the current technologies. In this paper, the WSUD technologies are categorized into three types according to the functions of different technologies: Water Balance, Water Quality, and Water Conservation. For the development of the WSUD worldwide, especially in China, which faces a more serious challenge because of rapid urbanization, further studies on creating technical architecture and summarizing ecological ideas are required. Kaixian Country located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has become a representative water-sensitive urban area because of the water level control, splitting urbanization speed, and accompanying potential water environment crisis. In order to explore an fitting ecological restoration model to overcome the contradiction between high-speed urbanization and water environment security, this paper employs Kaixian as the example to design the urban water environmental pollution control system, based on the understanding of the ecological ideas of WSUD and the application of the WSUD technology. The whole design was divided into three parts: source control, process control, and receiving water control. The source control mainly used the green roof-ecological wall-rain garden system to decrease the source of pollutants; the process control was divided into four belts: recreation belt, ecological slope belt, landscape dick-pond belt, and natural drawdown belt, different WSUD strategies were implemented for every belt and some possible solutions were proposed for the contaminated urban water bodies. This design includes multi-stripe and multi-function modes that consider not only the physical elements of a place that provide the functional value, but also those elements that create a congenial atmosphere by enhancing the 'sense of place' (psychological value). The "multi-tape mode" will provide a good example of controlling water pollution for other urban areas located in the TGR region. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The strategic planning of urban water systems is a complex task. The Urban Water programme covered projects from various disciplines at 9 Swedish Universities, from 1999 to 2006. The projects developed a “toolbox” for strategic planning of drinking-, waste- and stormwater management, covering aspects such as the environment, health and hygiene, financing, organisation, households, and technical function. Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management synthesises the results and presents a comprehensive approach, which includes not only the technical, economic and environmental aspects, but also the challenges of institutional capacity and public participation in the planning process. Furthermore, the experience from a number of case studies are summarised and can offer readers inspiration for their own planning situations. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843391050 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402413 (eBook)

Holistic but applicable approaches are urgently needed to help plan long-term, cost-effective and sustainable urban water management systems. Groundwater is a central element in the urban water cycle of all cities located on aquifers, yet it remains inadequately integrated into urban water management practices. This book describes holistic approaches for quantification and balancing of urban water and solute fluxes that have been developed by the joint Euro-Australian research project AISUWRS. The new tools comprise a chain of interconnected models that link urban water supply, urban drainage and urban groundwater resources. These include a new sewer exfiltration, model that is based on pipe asset conditions which permits flows to the environment to be estimated. The book provides details on the further processing of this information through the unsaturated zone down to aquifer, where numerical groundwater flow and transport models are applied. Concise documentation is provided on each of the models. The practicability of applying the chain of models was tested by applying it in four case study cities in Australia, Germany, Slovenia and the United Kingdom that have diverse conditions in terms of hydrogeologic setup, climate and data availability. This permitted additional validation by field investigations, including problem-oriented monitoring campaigns aimed at assessing the impact of wastewater practice on groundwater. The book provides guidance and examples of the application of multilevel piezometers, on adapted monitoring strategies, and the use for interpretation purposes of microbiological parameters, pharmaceutical residues and related marker species. The socio-economic analysis in the case study cities sometimes uncovered distinctively different problem perceptions and priorities, both in the groups of experts responsible for the water management and with the remaining stakeholders. The AISUWRS project has developed tools to foster these urgently required deliberation processes. Methodologies for formal sustainability assessment with a triple bottom line background were also elaborated and tested during the case studies. The case studies have shown that the approach is valid and constitutes an important step towards integrated urban water management This title belongs to European Water Research Series ISBN: 9781843391388 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402437 (eBook)

Risks and tensions in water industry innovation: understanding adoption of decentralised water systems from a socio-technical transitions perspective

Bringing together stakeholders with different backgrounds and interests to create new understandings and relationships is essential to advance the sustainable management of urban water. This is a transdisciplinary challenge, with multiple benefits but also obstacles and uncertainties in its applicability. Although transdisciplinary practice is believed to be desirable to enable sustainable urban water management, its role is not clear. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide insights into transdisciplinary practice in the urban water sector, highlighting advances and research gaps. This analysis draws upon a scoping process from 1970 until now. It concludes that little research explores transdisciplinary practice in the urban water sector. Future research is necessary into organizational processes, disciplinary dynamics, and strategies applied by water practitioners to bring stakeholders together and achieve transdisciplinary practice in the design and implementation of urban water projects. These future directions of research are relevant to water practitioners dealing with urban water management and could lead to the development of practical guidelines to facilitate transdisciplinary practice.

Urban water conservation through customised water and end-use information

WaLA, a versatile model for the life cycle assessment of urban water systems: Formalism and framework for a modular approach

The metropolitan city of Istanbul is becoming overcrowded and the demand for clean water is steeply rising in the city. The use of analytical approaches has become more and more critical for forecasting the water supply and demand balance in the long run. In this research, Istanbul’s water supply and demand data is collected for the period during 2006 and 2014. Then, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the time series water supply and demand forecasting model is constructed for the period between 2015 and 2018. Three important sustainability metrics such as water loss to supply ratio, water loss to demand ratio, and water loss to residential demand ratio are also presented. The findings show that residential water demand is responsible for nearly 80% of total water use and the consumption categories including commercial, industrial, agriculture, outdoor, and others have a lower share in total water demand. The results also show that there is a considerable water loss in the water distribution system which requires significant investments on the water supply networks. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicated that pipeline projects will be critical in the near future due to expected increases in the total water demand of Istanbul. The authors suggest that sustainable management of water can be achieved by reducing the residential water use through the use of water efficient technologies in households and reduction in water supply loss through investments on distribution infrastructure.

The looming capital investment required to refurbish aging infrastructure, upsizing and upgrading existing infrastructure, as well as building new infrastructure to meet growing demands through urbanization and densification is putting financial strain on utilities and local government institutions. This together with the impending impact of climate change and increased resource insecurity and variability will mean that planners and decision makers will need to adopt a new way of thinking and pooling resources. Customers are also demanding a whole society approach where water sensitive urban design and sustainable urban water management addresses all the needs of the urban landscape. A One Water approach is expected to bring together all these water streams through workable institutional arrangements and management.However, urban water planners and policymakers around the world are wrestling with the challenge of transitioning to a One Water approach, or as defined in the report as the One Water paradigm. Foremost of these is the inertia associated with the dominant paradigm of centralized systems and siloed institutions. This dominant paradigm results in the lack of engineering and community understanding of the benefits of integrated systems, such as lower costs, higher resilience to extreme events, more localized availability of water for reuse, etc. A further significant challenge is the complex structure of regulations that currently exist separately for water supply, wastewater and stormwater management.This report outlines the challenges that have been faced to date, and suggests enabling strategies and actions that could be deployed at both the implementation and policy levels. These are illustrated through a range of case studies and supported by a review of published literature.To support planners and policymakers, a Framework for Transitioning to a One Water approach is presented which organizes the range of enabling actions required to make the transition against the corresponding challenges, and the project management phase at which the organization finds itself.This title belongs to WERF Research Report SeriesISBN: 9781780407258 (eBook)

Sustainable water management is a worldwide challenge for the twenty-first century. It involves replacing traditional management approaches with a new concept, often referred to as sustainable urban water management (SUWM). This paradigm shift means that SUWM systems must include new services, some of which have already emerged. However, no publications have presented the expected SUWM system in terms of the full range of services it would need to include, and no publications have proposed a method for identifying the services the system must provide. This paper proposes a method for identifying these services and presents a generic petal diagram to represent the service functions of the SUWM system. Moreover, this paper presents a new method for defining these services in a specific territory. This method is based on the confrontation between a general representation and the objectives of the stakeholders in a given system in a given territory. The method is illustrated with a full-scale case study on the Doua eco-campus (Lyon University). This method is intended to aid practitioners to manage its system and to transition to SUWM. It is designed to improve the transparency of decision formulation and to involve stakeholders in the process.

This report focuses on the urban water management challenges facing cities across OECD countries, and explores both national and local policy responses with respect to water-risk exposure, the state of urban infrastructures and dynamics, and institutional and governance architectures. The analyses focus on four mutually dependent dimensions – finance, innovation, urban-rural co-operation and governance – and proposes a solutions-oriented typology based on urban characteristics. The report underlines that sustainable urban water management will depend on collaboration across different tiers of government working together with local initiatives and stakeholders.This title belongs to OECD Report SeriesISBN: 9781780407609 (eBook)ISBN: 9781780407593 (Print)

Hybrid membrane system for desalination and wastewater treatment : Integrating forward osmosis and low pressure reverse osmosis

The risk of flooding in urban areas could be better approached by complementing conventional sewer systems with sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) for storm-water management. This may be the case for developing world cities like Dar es Salaam with incomplete sewer services, as well as cities like Copenhagen with fully developed sewer systems. This paper explores some theories relevant to understanding how the implementation of SUDS may be one option for supporting a transition towards sustainable urban water management (SUWM). Using interviews, document analysis and observation, a comparison of the opportunities and barriers to the implementation of SUDS in Dar es Salaam and Copenhagen is presented. The results indicate that a bottom-up approach in Dar es Salaam is important, with the community level taking the lead, while in Copenhagen the top-down approach currently employed is promising. The ability of the institutional frameworks of both cities to support the implementation of SUDS is also discussed.

Addressing the problem of reaching consensus on water reforms was the motive for this operational research. Living up to its ‘clean and green' image is a significant goal for New Zealand, with high economic value derived from the effects of its globally-recognised environmental credentials on key exports like agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism. A 2009 government task force (Fresh Start for Fresh Water) suggested that a ‘business as usual' approach is undesirable, and water reform should be a priority. This paper is an account of a community-focused systems study undertaken for a Master's thesis in 2008/9. It examines the challenges and opportunities facing Kapiti, a rapidly growing coastal community, with water scarcity and quality constraints that had long prevented them from meeting their sustainable development objectives. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) and a stakeholder typology were used to identify system stakeholders and examine their perspectives, while Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) from Systems Dynamics were constructed to explore and circumvent potential negative outcomes. Thus, a case study in a community resource management setting is described that tests the effectiveness of the combined problem-structuring framework, to explicitly inform urban water management, and water reform, in New Zealand.

This paper explores whether a mixture of centralised and decentralised urban water systems is preferable for sustainable urban water management. This is of importance for developing countries where there is continued demand for expanding urban water infrastructure. Processes for determining the combination of centralised and decentralised urban water solutions remain largely ad hoc. Using the South West Pacific as a case study, a multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology drawing on expert elicitation was employed to assess the technical, economic, environmental and resilience performance of urban water infrastructure alternatives; assessing water supply, sewage and stormwater systems. The MCDA analysis was then systematically contrasted with both a series of recommended infrastructural investment plans and the desires of local technocrats in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Results demonstrate a high level of agreement between the MCDA outcomes and local stakeholders, favouring hybrid infrastructure. Conversely, international consultants' infrastructure recommendations continue to reflect traditional engineering paradigms.

Modeling of a lot scale rainwater tank system in XP-SWMM: A case study in Western Sydney, Australia

Small urban centres in the South West Pacific face many challenges regarding urban water management in the light of future uncertainties and climate change. Without implementing sustainable urban water management (SUWM), they risk adverse environmental and public health impacts, but little is known regarding the receptivity of urban water professionals towards its principles and practices. This paper assesses the willingness and ability of urban water managers from the region to implement SUWM. Results demonstrate that whilst aware of current failures, there was limited awareness of sustainable solutions, and a limited ability to identify benefits arising from SUWM implementation. There is a need to increase the opportunities for urban water professionals in the region to acquire skills and implement SUWM. This study identifies the capacity development needed in the region to increase receptivity to SUWM.

Valuing flexibilities in the design of urban water management systems

Towards sustainable urban water management: A critical reassessment

The prevalence of barriers to the implementation of alternative and more integrated approaches to urban water management has been observed by many researchers and managers. This study analyses the interconnected nature of these barriers using a combination of interpretive structural modelling and systems thinking methods. Based on empirical data from an urban case study catchment this study shows that barriers not only reinforce each other, but also create persistent self-reinforcing effects within a barrier interaction network. Evidence of feedback structures was primarily found in the institutional and logistical management areas. These systemic feedback structures create resistance to the implementation of alternative urban water management strategies resulting in the status quo. Knowledge of barrier interactions provides a rational basis for targeted and prioritized management interventions.