Sustainable Method Research Articles

The aerobic oxidation of alcohols is valuable but often limited by toxic reagents, waste, and harsh conditions. Using a Ru3+-hydroxyapatite (RuHAP)-packed-bed reactor under low-pressure O2, we achieved efficient, reproducible oxidations with TONs of >18,000 after two catalyst regenerations. A two-step continuous flow process integrating oxidation and Knoevenagel condensation delivered products in excellent yields, demonstrating a scalable, safe, and sustainable method with high selectivity and mild conditions for fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis.

The increasing impact of climate change has necessitated the development of climate- resilient ornamental plants, which can withstand extreme environmental conditions while maintaining aesthetic value. This paper explores recent advancements in the propagation of these plants, focusing on strategies that enhance their resilience to shifting climate patterns. Key areas of innovation include genetic approaches, such as drought and heat tolerance breeding, as well as the use of CRISPR technology to create stress-resistant plant varieties. The role of modern propagation techniques, including tissue culture, micropropagation and sustainable water-efficient methods, is examined in the context of climate adaptation. Additionally, advances in technology, such as AI, IoT and automated systems, are transforming plant propagation by improving environmental monitoring and optimizing growing conditions. Case studies on the successful cultivation of climate-resilient ornamental plants demonstrate their potential in urban landscaping, where climate-adapted species can contribute to sustainable, low-maintenance green spaces. The paper also highlights the importance of integrating eco-friendly practices, such as regenerative horticulture and water smart landscaping, in creating resilient urban environments.

In this work, a sustainable method for the hydration of both terminal and internal alkynes is presented, affording the corresponding ketones with complete Markovnikov regioselectivity. The key advantage of this approach lies in the use of recently developed three-component, double-acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), designed by our research team, which act as triple-active media-simultaneously serving as solvents, reagents, and catalysts. The reaction setup is straightforward and can be carried out under conventional or dielectric heating, typically providing the desired products in good to excellent yields. For terminal alkynes, microwave heating further enhances the sustainability of the process by a significant reduction of reaction times. The reusability of the reaction medium is demonstrated through recycling experiments, while the calculation of two green metrics (sE-factor and EcoScale) highlights the environmental benefits of this strategy.

Exploring HDES as a sustainable green extractant phase in HF-MMLLE technique for assessment of PAHs in hot beverages and evaluation of potential dietary exposure risks for the Brazilian population.

Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for para-coumaric acid biosynthesis from lignocellulosic biomass.

Exploring the salt taste-enhancing activity of key peptides and ultrafiltrated fractions from spent hen meat hydrolysate.

Exploring novel green synthetic pathways and recent advances in pyrrole and its derivatives.

Effect of vermicomposting of aquaculture fish sludge with lettuce residue and wastepaper on potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants.

A sustainable microalgae harvesting method via guar gum –Based buoy bead flotation

Hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents as a green desorption media for parabens from solid sorbents: A proof-of-concept study.

Utilization of industrial by-products as nutrients for gold bioleaching from waste random access memory.

Enhancing soil health and microbial resilience with organic fertilization in semi-arid Astragalus ecosystems.

Innovative UAPLE system coupled with UV-vis detection: a sustainable method for extracting and quantifying phenolics from rosemary.

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) have gained increasing attention as lightweight structural materials with tailored mechanical, thermal, and functional properties for diverse engineering applications. However, achieving optimal performance requires overcoming challenges such as poor interfacial bonding, high density of conventional fillers, and limitations in multifunctionality. Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGMs), owing to their unique spherical morphology, low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, and tunable physical–chemical characteristics, have emerged as promising functional fillers for FRPCs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural features, chemical composition, and synthesis techniques of HGMs, followed by an outline of FRPCs systems with emphasis on matrix and fiber types, their functional requirements, and the critical role of fillers. The discussion highlights how HGMs influence the mechanical (tensile, flexural and compression strength) properties, thermal (conductivity and insulation) properties, acoustic (sound absorption and transmission) properties, and dielectric performance of FRPCs, enabling weight reduction, improved insulation, and multifunctional capabilities. Reported studies demonstrate that when properly dispersed with an optimal amount, HGMs significantly enhance mechanical properties, thermal stability, and acoustic damping, while maintaining processability. Despite these advantages, challenges remain regarding interfacial adhesion (agglomeration) and filler dispersion. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for advanced surface modification strategies, hybrid filler systems, and sustainable processing methods to fully exploit HGMs in next-generation high-performance FRPCs.

Effective management of hypertension typically involves multiple medications. This underscores the pharmaceutical industry’s demand for simple, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable analytical methods capable of handling complex, multicomponent formulations. This study’s primary goal was to compare and validate univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric techniques for analyzing fixed-dose antihypertensive formulations of Telmisartan (TEL), Chlorthalidone (CHT), and Amlodipine (AML). Successive Ratio Subtraction paired with Constant Multiplication (SRS-CM) and Successive Derivative Subtraction paired with Constant Multiplication (SDS-CM) were the developed univariate methods. The cited drugs were successfully quantified at their respective maxima: 295.7 nm for TEL, 275.0 nm for CHT, and 359.5 nm for AML. On the other hand, the SDS-CM method enabled their determination using first-derivative spectra, with TEL identified at P282.5–313 nm, CHT at 287.0 nm, and AML at P231-246 nm. Also, Interval-Partial Least Squares (iPLS) and Genetic Algorithm-Partial Least Squares (GA-PLS) were applied as multivariate techniques. In contrast to full-spectrum modeling alone, the results showed that adding variable selection techniques greatly improved the model’s performance. Following ICH guidelines, the proposed techniques were used to quantify the cited medications in tablets. The validity of the results was confirmed by statistical comparison with the reported method. The study was further expanded to assess the content uniformity of the dosage units in compliance with USP. Three environmental complementary assessment tools were employed: the Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE), the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) and White Analytical Chemistry (RGB12). This study also aligns with several UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs), emphasizing commitment to green pharmaceutical research. Sustainability was verified using the NQS index, confirming the method’s compliance with responsible analytical practices.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-22700-0.

Modern sustainable agriculture depends on hybrid approach of combining ecofriendly farming system and precision tools to combat the challenges of farmers. Agricultural image processing is applicable to various real time challenges in the agriculture field. One such challenge is weed infestation which compete with agricultural crops. To feed the global population, innovative promising practices are required to enhance yield rates and promote sustainable farming methods. Hence this paper critically reviews about quality management of weed control system by image processing techniques. Cultural methods can only reduce the weed infestation but still profitable growth of agricultural crops is a critical factor.The available traditional image processing technologies used in weed management are image segmentation, restoration, spatial and frequency domain techniques and traditional image-processing algorithms . Various precision tools such as Precision Weed Management (PWM), emphasizing cutting-edge technologies such as computer vision, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and autonomous weeding robots were discussed. Thus to implement weed management technologies a smart agricultural field and yield can be focused on precision and sustainability.

Harvesting kinetic energies is a sustainable method for generating electricity without depleting natural resources. The main mechanisms for kinetic energy harvesting are piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic or by using magnetostrictive materials. This study focuses on harvesting of walking energy and aims to compare different technologies used for converting of walking energy to electricity, and identify the most effective technology. Several types of harvester located on body of user to harvest kinetic energy of body during walking, while some pavement slabs are produced for harvesting energy. Energy is an essential resource in today's world, and the demand for sustainable and renewable energy solutions is increasing. Our project, "Footstep Power Generation Using Arduino Microcontroller," explores an innovative method to harness energy from footsteps and convert it into electrical power. The project utilizes Arduino Uno as the microcontroller to manage and process inputs from sensors. The primary components include a piezoelectric sensor and a pressure sensor integrated beneath tiles. These sensors generate electrical energy when subjected to pressure from footsteps. The generated energy is stored in a rechargeable battery (power supply) and can be used to power small electronic devices or systems. A 16x2 LCD display is used to provide real-time feedback on the energy generated, ensuring the system's functionality and user engagement.

The rapid growth in electronic waste (e-waste) generation highlights the urgent need for efficient and environmentally sustainable methods for metal recovery. This study focuses on the selective recovery of valuable metals from multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), commonly found in printed circuit boards (PCBs) of post-consumer electronics. MLCCs were manually recovered from dismantled computer PCBs, thermally treated, pulverized, and characterized using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction techniques. To evaluate green alternatives to traditional acid leaching, three deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) were prepared: citric acid (CA), glycerol (GLY), and a ternary (GLY-CA) mixture of both (GLY-CA). Leaching experiments were conducted over a 24 h period and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed complete recovery (100%) of copper using both CA and the GLY-CA mixture, while nickel recovery reached 100% with CA and moderate levels with GLY-CA. Zinc recovery was also high (99%) with both CA and GLY-CA. Iron showed a maximum recovery of 60%, potentially due to its occurrence in various chemical forms. The ternary DES (GLY-CA) demonstrated lower viscosity, improving handling and operational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of citric-acid-based and ternary (GLY-CA) DESs as effective, low-toxicity leaching agents for the recovery of critical metals from MLCCs.

Purpose. Development and implementation of modern strategies for the development of the construction industry of Ukraine, which will ensure the use of sustainable materials, methods and business models to reduce emissions into the environment, increase energy efficiency, overcome public indifference to environmental protection and promote compliance with the principles of ecological construction. Methodology. The authors used a set of general scientific and special research methods, in particular methods of life cycle assessment of materials (LCA), synthesis, comparison of sustainable development practices approved in Europe with those common in Ukraine. Findings. It is proven that basic construction materials, such as steel, concrete, cement, brick and glass, require a lot of energy for their production and extraction, which leads to the formation of large volumes of waste, and recycling allows their reuse in the production of new materials. Innovative technologies in construction, such as 3D technologies, modular construction, biomass, heat recovery and circular models, etc., help optimize construction processes and reduce costs. Decarbonization of construction materials is a critical necessity for humanity, and the implementation of low-CO2 emission technologies in the cement industry is important for reducing environmental impact. Sustainable development of the construction industry of Ukraine can be achieved through close cooperation between the government, industry and scientific institutions to stimulate the implementation of sustainable strategies through subsidies, grants and tax breaks. This will create demand for environmentally friendly products and contribute to the transition to sustainable construction. Originality. The authors systematized the use of various construction materials (concrete, steel, wood, glass) at an ecological level in the context of sustainable development in the construction industry. Different strategies are proposed for each category of construction materials that reduce their cost, optimize resource use, reuse and recycling. It is shown that potential solutions should be based on such elements as sustainable circular business models to reduce the environmental burden on the environment; ecological construction methods; more environmentally friendly materials. Practical value. The results of this work can be used in the creation of post-war reconstruction programs for Ukraine, various state policy programs, as well as the development of public-private partnerships.

Phytochemical profiling and bioefficacy of Atropa belladonna root extract and its green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antioxidant, antibacterial, insecticidal, and antiproliferative potentials.