Sustainable Architectural Design Research Articles

Theoretical Courses and Architectural Education: Studio-based Approach for Technical Writing Course

Technical writing skills are critical to ensure the success and integration of architecture and urban projects. The practice of architecture requires high communication skills to deliver ideas and plans to the different stakeholders in architecture projects. Clear technical communication provides mutual understanding of the aspects and requirements of projects to all involved parties including contactors, engineers, clients and even authorities, mitigating the high risks of misunderstandings. Technical writing allows for clear project documentation, facilitating coordination between interdisciplinary teams and improving decision making and problem solving. Architectural education relies mainly on hands-on experiences and design-oriented studios. Theoretical courses present a challenge for both architecture students and lecturers, as they are often taught in a lecture setting, which is not so familiar to architecture students, making them overwhelming to students. Theoretical courses challenge students as they often miss the link between concepts and application. Technical writing courses are hardly linked to students’ interests. This study presents a pedagogical approach to the course of Technical Writing in the Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design Program at Helwan University in Egypt. It presents an studio-based interactive approach through using in-class discussions, workshops, games, peer discussions and interactions. It also links sustainable architecture and urban design applications into students’ work, to ensure their interest in the course and their compound benefit. The paper presents the results of a tailor-made evaluation questionnaire to identify the most effective methods used in teaching the course, in addition to students’ key takeaways from the course. Results show that students learned the most of report writing and presentation skills, perceived the course as highly interactive and highlighted that using games enhanced their learning experience.

Building energy consumption analysis and measures: a case study from an administration building in Chengdu, China

With the peak of carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, China is placing greater emphasis on energy expenditure. Office buildings occupy a prominent position in building energy consumption, which is one of the main energy consumption areas. Taking an administration building in Chengdu as an example, this article simulates the building energy consumption based on Design Builder software, examines the variables influencing energy consumption, and suggests energy-saving strategies combined with fresh ideas for sustainable architectural design. The results showed that the modeling building was a high-energy-consuming building, with an energy consumption of 724,857.59 kWh, and a unit area energy consumption of 288.17 kWh/m2 in Chengdu. For energy conservation and emission reduction, this article proposes the following three energy-saving measures. The first is to apply heat recovery technology for air conditioning systems. The second is photovoltaic glass, which provides partial electricity demand for buildings and reduces dependence on traditional energy sources. The third is roof greening, which utilizes the plants to purify the air and beautify the environment. The results showed that the heat recovery technology in air conditioning systems reduced the total energy consumption of buildings from 642144.04 kWh/m2 to 502937.83 kWh/m2, photovoltaic glass reduced 552243.87 kWh/m2, and roof greening reduced to 635947.35 kWh/m2. All of these have good energy-saving and emission reduction effects. The above three strategies not only help reduce building energy consumption, but also provide substantial support for China to achieve carbon neutrality.

Multi-objective optimization of switchable suspended particle device vacuum glazing for comfort and energy efficiency in school typologies under hot climate

This study focuses on the multi-objective optimization of a switchable Suspended Particle Device (SPD) vacuum glazing system to reduce energy use while ensuring thermal and visual comfort in schools located in arid desert environments. A detailed synergy analysis was performed on a representative floor from three school classroom typologies, comparing suspended particle device vacuum glazing in its OFF and ON states against conventional double-glazing with air gaps windows. This analysis employed an advanced simulation framework integrating Rhino-Grasshopper with Open Studio Model, Colibri 2.0, and Design Explorer2 software to evaluate energy consumption, Adaptive Comfort Percentage (ACP), and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Thermal comfort varied across typologies and orientations, with the atrium with skylight typology frequently meeting or approaching the 80 % Adaptive Comfort Percentage benchmark. However, the southern and eastern classrooms in the enclosed atrium with clerestory typology did not exceed a 39 % adaptive comfort percentage. The comprehensive parametric and multi-objective optimization simulation revealed that suspended particle device vacuum glazing in its 'OFF' state did not fulfill the UDI300lux–1000lux criteria across all typologies, even with maximal Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and skylight ratio (SR). However, the enclosed atrium with clerestory, integrating SPD vacuum glazing with a 40 % Window to Wall Ratio configuration, emerged as particularly effective in achieving optimal useful daylight illuminance distribution, minimizing energy consumption, and ensuring satisfactory adaptive comfort percentage across various orientations. These findings underscore the potential of multi-objective optimization of suspended particle device vacuum glazing, combined with strategic Window to Wall Ratio adjustments, as a viable alternative to traditional glazing systems in hot desert climates. The adaptability of suspended particle device vacuum glazing highlights its significant potential for achieving thermal comfort, enhancing sustainable architectural design, and improving energy efficiency in educational buildings within extreme climate zones.

Sustainable Vertical Housing Based on Social and Cultural Activities

The development of vertical housing is currently a response to the problem of population increase. People with low incomes (MBR) who have a range of restrictions, from knowledge gaps to financial difficulties, are typically the ones who live in vertical housing in developing nations like Indonesia. Due to misunderstandings about residents' social and cultural behavior and activities addressing the culture of living in multi-story residences, there are many issues with vertical housing these days, particularly those pertaining to disorganization and improper use of space. The careless use of hallways, which leaves them cluttered with trash, clotheslines, and the possessions of residents, is one issue that frequently arises. This study will outline the issues with vertical housing in Bandung City and provide examples of well-designed housing in the past. The study aims to offer best practices for bridging the gap between the existing conditions and the vertical housing usage pattern. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the findings will lead to both intelligent spatial utilization and sustainable architectural design solutions.

An analysis of the Puri Brata Resort & Gallery building’s design from an environmental aesthetics and sustainability perspective

The research paper delves into the implementation of sustainable architectural design practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the impact of eco-friendly design principles on both the environment and visitor experience within the resort. Data collection for this research involved conducting a comprehensive survey among visitors to the resort, focusing on aspects such as air quality, temperature control, and overall visitor comfort. Additionally, data was gathered on the utilization of green spaces within the resort and the incorporation of local cultural values and aesthetics in the architectural design. The survey responses were then analyzed to evaluate the perceived impact of sustainable design elements on the guest experience and environmental sustainability. The findings of the research indicate that the integration of eco-friendly practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery has positively impacted various aspects, including improved air quality, efficient temperature control, and enhanced visitor comfort. The use of recycled materials, renewable energy sources, and green spaces has contributed to creating a harmonious and sustainable environment that enhances the overall guest experience. The study underscores the importance of incorporating sustainable design principles in architectural practices to create spaces that benefit both the environment and visitors. This research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers looking to adopt sustainable design practices in the hospitality and tourism sector.

Research on the Application of Sustainable Building Design in Civil Architecture

Research on the Application of Sustainable Building Design in Civil Architecture

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-STOREY HOUSING: A SKYVILLE @ DAWSON SINGAPORE CASE STUDY

Social and economic sustainability significantly affect the well-being of residents in high-rise vertical housing. Previous research has identified various complaints about poor relationships between residents, lack of interaction, and feelings of confinement. On the other hand, COVID-19 has limited interactions among residents in densely populated housing due to the high transmission rates of the disease. This study aims to conduct a content analysis of data on Skyville @ Dawson apartments from reliable sources, covering the period from 2009 to 2024. The research is conducted with the content analysis method, focusing on economic, social, and environmental aspects of Sustainable Architectural Design. From secondary and online data, it was found that WOHA designed Skyville @ Dawson to accommodate the behavioral needs of Singaporean society with several horizontal gardens on various floors, potentially securing interaction against COVID-19 through good building management. Therefore, this high-rise housing is an excellent example of the socio-economic development of upper-floor housing.

Advanced sustainable interior design concept as methodological approach in the process of architectural design

Implementation of sustainable interior design in contemporary buildings is one of the most important parts of architectural design. Scientific research has shown that there is a meaning of incorporation of sustainable advanced interior design, and that the sociocultural, environmental, biophilic effects that this type of interior design has, can be manifested by physiological and emotional aspects of people in the interior design. In the analysis of the sustainable advanced interior design process, it is necessary to identify and define the phases and methods in interior design. The methods in the design process are focused on: divergence (exploration of possibilities and limitations by critical thinking, through qualitative and quantitative research methods for creating new activities towards better sustainable interior design solutions, transformation (redefining specifications for sustainable design solutions for traditional and contemporary design), convergence (analysis of prototypes of possible scenarios for better design solutions leading to gradual or significantly improved design solutions), sustainability (managing the research process, and redefining sustainable design solution prototypes over time), articulation (visual relationships between parts and the whole unit). Sustainable interior design includes several phases, such as information phase, analysis of specific requirements, specification, problem solving, presentation, idea development, implementation and evaluation of the project. Specific attention in this research has been paid to analysis of sustainable advanced interior design, as a concept of combining natural environment with interior design organization by minimal interior design, flexible interior design, ecological interior design and green interior design, The concept and the principles of sustainable interior design, sustainable green wall system and its benefits in aesthetics and usability of green space, natural look in sustainable advanced interior design, environmental values, biophilia, that create natural environment, increase productivity for the workers and costumers of interior design, define cultural and social values as integral part of the cultural environment, social interaction and artistic presentation. The expected outcome in this scientific paper is to identify contemporary design approaches in sustainable interior architectural design with specific emphasis on green technologies that contribute to the aesthetics and architectural concept of buildings and create application in international educational processes.

Effect of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures in Designing Sustainable Primary Healthcare Facilities in Nigeria

This study aims to develop a design for a sustainable healthcare centre through passive energy efficiency measures to improve the thermal comfort, cooling, lighting and ventilation requirements for primary healthcare centres in Nigeria. The methodology adopted for the study included both primary and secondary data collection. Primary data were collected from the administered questionnaire (5-point Likert scale closed-ended), a total of 350 sets of questionnaires administered and 87% were valid. A case study research strategy was adopted to ascertain the effectiveness and efficiency of building design with an emphasis on sustainable architectural design principles. A significant regression equation was revealed (F (2,257) = 33.619, p <.000, with an R2 of 0.294, which revealed that implementing passive measures for energy optimization has a significant and positive effect on designing sustainable healthcare centres. It further recommends the integration of passive design, design for deconstruction, adaptive reuse, and design for human comfort as part of architectural design principles that would result in sustainable energy optimization should be adopted in every design of primary healthcare centres by architects.

Integrating Internet of Things Technologies for Dynamic Sustainability in Architectural Design

The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is a significant step toward improving the sustainability and responsiveness of the built environment. The current work introduces the Adaptive and Sustainable IoT Integration Model (ASIIM), a novel framework designed to enhance the dynamic sustainability and adaptation of IoT in architecture in order to maximize its potential. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this study analyzes the current state of IoT applications in architectural professions, highlighting the key benefits of IoT in improving building performance, occupant comfort, and energy efficiency. The ASIIM framework emerges as a comprehensive approach that encompasses key strategies for combining user interface systems, sustainability measures, IoT-enabled adaptive features, and fundamental design principles in order to promote a more responsive and sustainable architecture design. The paper identifies key obstacles to IoT integration, such as interoperability, data protection, and device sustainability, and offers collaborative ways to overcome them. The findings demonstrate the transformative potential of IoT in architecture, suggesting a future in which buildings will become dynamic systems that can adapt to the needs of both the surrounding environment and their occupants rather than static structures. This study contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on sustainable architecture by offering insights and a theoretical foundation for further study and practice in the integration of IoT technology in architectural design.

Innovative Applications of XR in Architectural Sustainability: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Due to the limited global resources and the threat of climate change, sustainable development has become a critical issue. This study aims to delve into the various applications of Extended Reality (XR), including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), in sustainable architectural design. Through virtual experiences, visualisation of architectural ecosystems, BIM integration, and environmental simulations, XR technology provides designers with a more comprehensive dataset and perspective. However, despite showcasing the potential of XR technology, further research and practical implementation are necessary to deepen our understanding of its role in architectural sustainability and address potential technological and application challenges. The article emphasizes the need to holistically consider multiple dimensions of data when applying XR technology in architectural design, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of design solutions.

Experimental and simulation study on the thermoelectric performance of semi-transparent crystalline silicon photovoltaic curtain walls

This study aims to evaluate and optimize the thermoelectric performance of semi-transparent crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) curtain walls. An integrated thermoelectric performance coupling calculation model was developed, combining heat transfer and electricity generation calculations as a novel approach. Simulations and experiments were conducted to compare the performance of PV curtain walls with conventional curtain walls under various weather conditions, and were validated by experimental data. The results demonstrate that PV curtain walls enhance the thermal environment inside buildings and promote efficient power generation, with the arrangement of PV cells notably affecting performance. Under sunny conditions, the temperatures of the PV cell backplate and glass part backsheet in semi-transparent PV curtain walls exceeded those in ordinary glass curtain walls, yet the indoor air temperature was lower. Furthermore, when the working temperature of PV cells reaches to a certain level, it slightly deviates the electricity generation trend from the real-time solar radiation trend. Under cloudy conditions, the backsheet temperatures of semi-transparent PV curtain walls and standard glass curtain walls align with outdoor temperatures. Different PV module forms demonstrated that striped and square PV module forms offer better lighting effects than whole forms. The working temperatures among the three were close, with an annual average temperature difference of less than 1 °C and a peak temperature difference of approximately 3 °C, impacting the monthly total power generation by less than 1 %. This study presents a more precise and thorough approach for evaluating semi-transparent PV curtain walls' performance, providing insights for future sustainable architectural design.

Sand dune restoration as sustainable natural architectural design for coastal protection along seasonal storm-prone beach

Monsoonal storms cause coastal erosion of worldwide sandy beaches, including coasts in Malaysia. Although hard engineering structures are effective in mitigating erosion, those constructions can create several environmental issues such as down-drift erosion. The Effective Sand Fence (also known as E-Fence) is considered one of the sustainable alternative structures to protect beach erosion. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to identify the effectiveness of E-Fence for dune restoration. In this study, we measured beach profile survey, grain size distribution, and wind speed. In addition, XBeach simulation was used to determine sediment accumulation under the E-Fence protection. Results of the beach profile survey (i.e., slope and dune volume) indicate dune restoration in protected areas of the E-Fence. Grain size distribution and wind speed suggest the decreasing of wind velocities from the swash zone to the backshore. Accordingly, the E-Fence acts as a barrier, and the reduction of energy leads to accumulate sediments by passing through gaps in the structure. The E-Fence is thus capable of sustaining against wave attack and can maintain stable coastal ecosystems. Consequently, this coastal protection structure assists in developing cheaper coastal erosion mitigation strategies in Malaysia and elsewhere.

Using Building Orientation to Promote Sustainability

Maximizing energy efficiency and overall performance is paramount in sustainable architectural design. Building orientation is proving to be a cornerstone of strategy in achieving these goals. This paper explores the critical role of building orientation in promoting sustainability in the built environment. It delves into the complex relationship between the layout and placement of structures and their impact on energy consumption, natural lighting and occupant comfort. The orientation of the building is carefully designed to interact harmoniously with the elements of the environment, especially the path of the sun and the prevailing winds. By strategically arranging structures, architects and designers can use natural resources to minimize energy demands and optimize building performance. For example, the right orientation can harness solar energy for passive heating and cooling, reducing reliance on mechanical systems and reducing carbon emissions. In addition, the orientation of the building deeply affects the distribution of natural light in the space. By strategically orienting openings such as windows and skylights, designers can maximize daylight penetration, reduce the need for artificial lighting and increase visual comfort for occupants, thoughtful building placement can mitigate glare and solar heat gain, promoting a more comfortable indoor environment while minimizing reliance on energy-intensive cooling systems.

DETERMINATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT SHELVES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE BENEFIT FROM DAYLIGHT IN BUILDINGS

Studies on the efficient use of daylight in sustainable architectural design and energy conservation are increasing. Indoor lighting methods include daylighting, artificial, and integrated lighting. Basic priorities in lighting are such as “effective use of daylight”, “uniform illumination in space”, “glare control”, “visual connection with the external environment” and “daylight harvesting.” Advanced contemporary systems include light shelves and light tubes. Light shelves consist of horizontal or slightly angled elements that can be applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the window openings, usually at eye level, to block the daylight or to reflect it to the ceiling, integrated with the facade, or added later. In this research, light shelves, which is one of the advanced daylighting methods, are emphasized. Daylight analysis method was carried out with the help of a physical model and computer simulation techniques using DiaLux software. To effectively utilize the daylight factor in the internal volume through light shelf, certain parameters such as the height and angle of the light shelf, date and time, and direction of the room's opening, play a crucial role. In daylight analyzes, these parameters were subjected to experimental testing both in physical models and through computer simulations. As a result of the comparison of the obtained data, alternatives that will provide the opportunity to benefit from daylight in the most effective way have been identified. The results obtained have unique value and widespread impact in terms of sustainable architecture and energy saving. The study's originality lies in its specific measurements of the latitude in which it is located, as it is the first time the study is conducted under Eskisehir's conditions. In addition, the examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the light shelf in specific combinations is another original side of the project.

Application Research of Green Building Design Based on BIM Technology

This paper aims to investigate the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in green building design. Green building design, as a sustainable architectural design concept, holds significant environmental and economic benefits. Meanwhile, BIM technology, as a tool for digital modeling and collaborative work, provides new possibilities for green building design. This study explores the application effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities of BIM technology in green building design through case analysis. The research findings demonstrate that green building design based on BIM technology can enhance design efficiency, optimize resource utilization, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to the sustainable development of the construction industry. However, this application still faces challenges regarding technology, data consistency, and collaboration mechanisms. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges to further promote the development of green building design based on BIM technology.

Development of the Reed Industry Group Through Training in Financial Management, Management and Sustainable Architectural Building Design

Industry plays a vital role in reducing poverty in developing countries. In Bali, the creative industry has developed rapidly, although initially, it was still small. The alang-alang roofing industry, which focuses on producing and using roofing from alang-alang leaves, is a significant sector in the construction and property development industry. This material is used in traditional buildings and modern, environmentally friendly building designs. A case study of the "Tegal Wangi" thatched roof industry in Lodtunduh Village, Ubud, shows that financial management and risk management are essential for the success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Financial education through simple bookkeeping is essential to provide in-depth understanding for business owners and managers. In addition, risks in this industry include competition, changes in customer demand and quality, and fluctuations in raw material prices. Solutions like product diversification and flexible marketing strategies can help manage these risks. Sustainable architectural building design is also a crucial factor. Collaboration between architects and industrial owners can create functional, aesthetic buildings resistant to extreme weather. Using sustainably sourced reeds and following environmentally friendly farming practices are essential steps in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

Cultural Influence on Architectural Evolution in Nigeria: A Case Study of Igala Indigenous Homestead

Architecture and culture are two concepts that represent the identification of any society. Architecture is the manifestation and expression of culture. So, Architecture and Culture are interdependent and inseparable. Research has identified culture as the main factor in the evolution of the architecture of a people and it plays an important role in the environmental and social development and sustainability of a place. The culture of any society is based on their beliefs, history, civilization, climate and customs, whilst architecture symbolizes a society’s culture that has evolved. This research explores the intricate relationship between culture and architecture in the evolution of traditional architecture in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the evolution of the indigenous homestead of the Igala people of North Central Nigeria. Employing a narrative approach, the study utilized historical research, field surveys, and interviews to explore how cultural beliefs, norms, practices, and socio-cultural factors have profoundly influenced the design and planning of Igala traditional dwellings. By investigating the interplay between indigenous knowledge systems, community practices, and material availability, the research uncovers the unique architectural features that have emerged from the rich tapestry of Igala culture to include the long straight entrance path (ojikpologu), the circular curvilinear homestead and buildings, courtyard (anuku/okolo), reception house (atakpa), and food storage barn (aka). Others include shrine (achękwu), grinding hut (ǫdǫ-okuta), animals’ pen (unyi-amęñwu-ǫrę), and security fence (ϙgba), all deeply rooted in Igala culture. This research provides valuable insights into the adaptability of traditional architecture to culture. It further offers essential knowledge for architects, preservationists, and policymakers, guiding their efforts in heritage preservation, sustainable architectural design, and urban planning within multicultural contexts.

Effects of natural light on improving the lighting and energy efficiency of buildings: toward low energy consumption and CO2 emission

Abstract Visual information acquisition is essential for our daily lives, with vision relying on the presence of light. Lighting systems serve the fundamental purpose of enabling vision. This study aims to contribute to sustainable architectural design by emphasizing the efficient utilization of natural daylight. Specifically, the design of skylights or light wells in low–lateral-area, deep-depth structures is of significant importance. While current design criteria consider skylight dimensions and the skylight-to-building height ratio, these factors alone may not suffice for optimal skylight design. To achieve an appropriate lighting and architectural design for such structures, it is essential to evaluate the factors influencing the required amount of daylight on different floors. This study aims to investigate the impact of skylights and light wells on the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of a four-storey building located in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The physical parameters of skylights and light wells were analyzed, taking into account various aspects that affect the amount of light reaching different levels. The findings highlight the significant influence of skylight size on the light reaching the building’s floors. For square skylights, reducing the well index (increasing skylight size) exponentially increases the daylight factor. Furthermore, this study evaluates the annual energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the building, considering the daylighting factor. The results demonstrate that skylights contribute to increased solar heat gain, thermal conductance, and artificial lighting efficiency. Notably, as the lighting factor of the building increases from 3% to 6%, there is an annual decrease of 3% in CO2 emissions.

Architectural and Environmental Design for Rural Landscape Enhancement – Landscape and countryside in a painting

With the comprehensive advancement of rural revitalization strategies in the new era, sustainable architectural design is a response to environmental challenges. Improving the rural appearance to meet the needs of the masses has become an important part of rural revitalization and improving the rural living environment. This study selected Daluo Village, Tangxi Town, adopted Fengshun County, Meizhou City as the research area, and methods such as documentary data method, case study method, field survey method, questionnaire analysis method, and comprehensive analysis method. In terms of design concept, the concept of combining sustainability and environmentally friendly materials is adopted, and Chaoke elements are extracted and combined with the local Chaoke architectural village texture to form a series of riverside sightseeing routes in Daluo Village, as well as the Chaoke village architecture of the village. A pavilion and riverside park were also designed. Effectively combine the improvement of village landscape with tourism routes to enhance the economic benefits and comprehensive strength of the tourism industry in Daluo Village, Tangxi Town, Fengshun County.