Survival Rate Of Plants Research Articles

Effect of BioVays and TurMax on the productivity of spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of the Priobye region

The authors presented the results of studying the effect of preparation TurMax and BioVays on the productivity of spring wheat. Spring wheat is grown as the second crop after fallow in the northern foreststeppe conditions of the Priobye region. During the study, the authors found that these fertilizers had an effective influence on crop growth and development throughout the growing season. The preparation TurMax increases the standing density of the plants at the beginning of the crop’s vegetation by an average of 2.1%, while BioVays increases it by 5.3%. This trend persisted in the milk-wax maturity phase of the grain. The survival rate of plants when treated with TurMax and BioVays increased relative to the control variant by 9.7 and 11.9%. Productive bushiness increased by 4.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Seed treatment with TurMax and BioVays increased the weight of 1000 seeds by 1.3% and 2.2% when growing wheat in the background of nitrogen fertilizer application at a dose of 60 kg a.i. (active ingredient) / ha. This value increased by 4.5% and 5.2%, respectively, without the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The combination of seed and crop treatment with BioVays and TurMax increased this value by 6.3% in the tilling phase. On fertilized background, the best result was obtained in variants TurMax + BioVays and BioVays + BioVays, where the weight of 1000 seeds increased by 3.9% and 3.5%. Seed treatment withTurMax and BioVays increased yield by 0.20% and 0.22% t/ha when growing wheat with nitrogen fertilizer. The pretreatment of seeds with TurMax and the treatment with BioVays in the wheat tiller phase increased the yield against fertilizer by 0.60 t/ha, and against an unfertilized background, the increase was 0.34 t/ha. When treated with BioVays in the tillering phase, the crop yield increased by 0.55 t/ha against the fertilized background and by 0.27 t/ha against the unfertilized background.

Effects of gamma irradiation on agromorphological characteristics of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Kulai

The increasing demand for chilli has drawn the interest of chilli breeders to improve the production of this crop. Mutation breeding is applied in many crops improvement programs as it can rapidly create the variability of inherited traits in crops. This study evaluates the effects of irradiation doses of radioactive cobalt (60Co) γ rays on seed performances, morphological characteristics and yield of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) var. Kulai grown under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The chilli seeds were treated with gamma radiation at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy. The effect of gamma-rays was assessed towards germination, survival rate and several morphological characteristics. From the observation, seeds from all treatments were germinated (100%) in 10 days. However, the gamma radiation affects the survival rate, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, and most of the results were lower upon exposure to higher doses particularly 100 Gy and above. Germination rate, plant height, plant survival rate and other morphological characteristics of the irradiated plant were observed to improve at lower doses (40, 60 and 80 Gy). Apparently, lower gamma-ray doses (<100 Gy) were more suitable to study the effect on seed germination as well as other morphological characters of Capsicum annuum L. especially Kulai variety. Mutagenic dose of 300 Gy was estimated as the LD50 for Kulai variety. The findings of this study provide useful information for mutation breeding in Capsicum annuum L. using gamma radiation for future breeding programmes in chilli.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from sugarcane improve the survival of micropropagated plants during acclimatisation

The plant microbiome plays an important role in nutrient acquisition and buffering plant hosts against abiotic and biotic stress. During in vitro propagation of sugarcane, pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated and most of the beneficial endophytic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterise potential plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) from sugarcane and to analyse their ability to improve the survival of micropropagated sugarcane plantlets during the acclimatisation stage. First, bacterial isolates from sugarcane were identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing and tested for plant growth-promoting (PGP) features, such as inorganic and organic phosphate solubilisation nitrogen fixation, siderophore synthesis, indole-3-acetic acid production, tolerance to abiotic stress and antibiotics production. Then three bacterial strains with multiple PGP traits were independently applied to micropropagated seedlings of the sugarcane variety TUC 03-12 when the plants were transferred to a nursery for ex vitro acclimatisation. The effect of selected PGPB on survival rates of micropropagated plantlets was evaluated in three independent assays, using different batches of seedlings. Thirty days after inoculation, 182-Bacillus and 336-Pseudomonas isolates significantly improved the transferred plants survival rate. High variability in plant survival among independent experiments was observed, but treatments with the 336-Pseudomonas strain showed a low mortality rate (20%) in all assays. This procedure constitutes a biological tool to improve the survival of micropropagated plants during greenhouse acclimatisation. Furthermore, it provides an initial tool for selecting bacteria with possible PGP effects in the field. Highlights - A total of 162 isolates obtained from the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, roots, and stems of sugarcane were characterised for plant growthpromoting features and identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. - Two PGPBs strains isolated from sugarcane (182-Bacillus and 336-Pseudomonas) significantly improved survival rates of micropropagated seedlings during the acclimatisation stage. - Under different stress conditions, the 336-Pseudomonas strain improved the survival of micropropagated plants during the acclimatisation stage.

A Balanced Sowing Density Improves Quality of Rapeseed Blanket Seedling

Mechanized transplanting of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) blanket seedling is an effective strategy to cope with the seasonal conflict and large labor cost in rapeseed production. The sowing density is a key factor to cultivate high-quality seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sowing density levels of 638, 696, 754, 812, 870 and 928 seeds per tray (referred as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6, respectively) on agronomic traits and survival rate after mechanized transplanting of two rapeseed cultivars (Zheyouza108 and Heza17) in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that high sowing density increased plant height but decreased leaf area, collar diameter, biomass accumulation, the ratio of root to shoot and seedling fullness. These negative effects jointly decreased the seedling rate and survival rate after mechanized transplanting. However, the seedlings under D1 and D2 posed a great plant survival rate of more than 95% after mechanized transplanting, suggesting that the seedlings under the two densities were perfect for mechanized transplanting. In addition, hierarchical analysis grouped D1 and D2 into the same class, indicating that their seedling qualities were not significantly different, though the blanket seedlings under D1 outperformed those under D2 in some traits. A sowing density of 696 seeds per tray (D2) is then recommended in this study, altogether considering its high-quality seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting, and economically, fewer seedling trays required.

OsTUB1 confers salt insensitivity by interacting with Kinesin13A to stabilize microtubules and ion transporters in rice.

Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Although microtubule (MT) organization is known to be involved in response to salt stress, few tubulin genes have been identified that confer salt insensitivity in plants. In this study, we identified a MT encoding gene, OsTUB1, that increased the survival rate of rice plants under salt stress by stabilizing MT organization and ion transporters. We found that OsTUB1 interacted with Kinesin13A protein, which was essential for OsTUB1-regulated MT organization under salt stress. Further molecular evidence revealed that a OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex protected rice from salt stress by sustaining membrane-localized Na+ transporter OsHKT1;5, a key regulator of ionic homeostasis. Our results shed light on the function of tubulin and kinesin in regulating MT organization and stabilizing Na+ transporters and Na+ flux at the plasma membrane in rice. The identification of the OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex provides novel genes for salt insensitivity rice breeding in areas with high soil salinity.

Efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Laelia anceps ssp. anceps white variant from asymbiotic seed germination

Laelia anceps ssp. anceps is a species endemic to Mexico. The aim of this study was the establishment of a protocol of asymbiotic germination of L. anceps ssp. anceps, white variant. For asimbiotic germination, we evaluated different treatments: (a) 2 mg L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 2 mg L−1 of indoleacetic acid (IAA), (b) 2 mg L− BAP + 2 mg L−1 IAA + 2 mg L−1 naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) and (c) 2 mg L−1 Kinetin (KIN) + 2 mg L−1 BAP + 2 mg L−1 NAA. Included a control treatment with no PGR supplementation. The percentage of germinated seeds was assessed. For in-vitro rooting, different organic compounds were evaluated: (a) 1 mg L−1 IAA + 150 mL L−1coconut water, (b) 1 mg L−1 IAA + 80 g L−1banana pulp, and (c) 2 mg L−1 BAP + 2 mg L−1 IAA + 2 mg L−1 NAA. We also included a control treatment with no supplementation of PGRs or organic compounds. The percentage of rooted plants was evaluated and transferred to acclimatization process. 2 mg L−1 BAP + 2 mg L−1 IAA+ 2 mg L−1 NAA produced 82.20% seed germination; seedlings showed an average length of 1.11 cm and 1.64 leaves per explant. The treatment with 1 mg L−1 IAA + 150 ml L−1coconut water yielded a 78.20% rooting. 85% survival rate of plants was observed during the acclimatization process. This protocol will favor the propagation of the valuable germplasm of this orchid species that is endangered of extinction.

Повышение эффективности многоцелевого лесопользования на выработанных торфяниках

A more complete involvement and effective use of non-timber forest resources is one of the most pressing problems in the development of the forest complex of the Russian Federation within the framework of ensuring multi-purpose, rational and sustainable forest management. The creation of forest berry plantations will resolve the issue of biological reclamation of depleted peatlands, as well as increase the productivity of wild berries and the biological diversity of unused forest lands. The work is aimed at studying the prospects of using clonal micropropagation as the most effective way of producing high-quality cultivar planting material of forest berry plants for laying out plantations on reclaimed depleted peatlands. The paper presents the results of research on clonal micropropagation of forest berry plants – half highbush blueberry and swamp cranberry of promising cultivars and hybrid forms, as well as their adaptation to the conditions of depleted peat deposits. The data on the formation of microshoots and roots of blueberry and cranberry plants on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) using growth-regulating substances are presented. The maximum total length of microshoots was observed in half highbush blueberry (23.7 cm) at the cytokinin 2-iP concentration of 3.0 mg/L, and in swamp cranberry (22.7 cm) at the 2-iP concentration of 0.5 mg/L at the stage of proper micropropagation. The maximum total length of roots of half highbush blueberry (12.1 cm) and swamp cranberry (51.7 cm) was observed at the IAA auxin concentration of 1.0 mg/L at the stage of rooting in vitro. The data on plant survival rate in non-sterile conditions in vivo depending on the composition of the substrate and in natural conditions on depleted peatlands are presented. The highest survival rate of blueberry plants was observed on the substrate of transitional peat and sphagnum (95–98 %), cranberry – on the substrate of highmoor peat and sphagnum (100 %) at the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions in vivo. The survival rate of plants of half highbush blueberry and swamp cranberry reached 100 % in the conditions of depleted peatlands. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective way to obtain high-quality healthy planting material of forest berry plants for the rapid propagation of promising cultivars and hybrid forms and its further use in the creation of plantations in order to reclaim depleted peatlands within the framework of the organization of multipurpose forest management.

Overexpression of galactinol synthase 1 from Solanum commersonii (ScGolS1) confers freezing tolerance in transgenic potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperatures cause serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the ScGolS1 gene from Solanum commersonii was cloned and introduced into the S. tuberosum cultivars ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Desiree’ via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phenotyping assays showed that overexpression of ScGolS1 could significantly improve freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants. Further physiological and biochemical experiments showed that the transgenic lines had lower relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine staining and a higher plant survival rate compared with wild type (WT) under cold stress. Moreover, the C-repeat binding factors (CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3), the downstream cold-responsive genes COR413 and COR47, and the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) transcription factor genes ERF3, ERF4 and ERF6, which function in the ethylene signaling pathway, were all induced by freezing treatment and expressed at higher levels in the ScGolS1 overexpression lines compared with WT. Besides, the expression of some genes such as MIPS, STS and RS from the RFO metabolic pathway was up-regulated under cold stress, resulting in changes in the content of some soluble sugars. This indicated that ScGolS1 overexpression altered the sugar composition and enhanced freezing tolerance in transgenic potato by inducing the ethylene and CBF signaling pathways. These results provided theoretical support and genetic resources for freezing tolerance breeding in potato.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Aquaporin Gene Family in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis), Revealing PeTIP3-2 to Be Involved in Drought Stress.

Aquaporins (AQPs) in plants can transport water and small molecules, and they play an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response. However, to date, a comprehensive study on AQP family members is lacking. In this study, 27 AQP genes were identified from the passion fruit genome and classified into four groups (NIP, PIP, TIP, SIP) on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships. The prediction of protein interactions indicated that the AQPs of passion fruit were mainly associated with AQP family members and boron protein family genes. Promoter cis-acting elements showed that most PeAQPs contain light response elements, hormone response elements, and abiotic stress response elements. According to collinear analysis, passion fruit is more closely related to Arabidopsis than rice. Furthermore, three different fruit ripening stages and different tissues were analyzed on the basis of the transcriptome sequencing results for passion fruit AQPs under drought, high-salt, cold and high-temperature stress, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the PeAQPs were able to respond to different abiotic stresses, and some members could be induced by and expressed in response to multiple abiotic stresses at the same time. Among the three different fruit ripening stages, 15 AQPs had the highest expression levels in the first stage. AQPs are expressed in all tissues of the passion fruit. One of the passion fruit aquaporin genes, PeTIP3-2, which was induced by drought stress, was selected and transformed into Arabidopsis. The survival rate of transgenic plants under drought stress treatment is higher than that of wild-type plants. The results indicated that PeTIP3-2 was able to improve the drought resistance of plants. Our discovery lays the foundation for the functional study of AQPs in passion fruit.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) growth rate, oil yield and oil quality under differing soil amendments

In this work, we examined the influence of different soil amendments namely cow manure alone (Cm), cow manure plus fertilizer (Cm + F), fertilizer alone (F) and unamended check, control on rosemary growth rate, fat content, oil yield and oil quality. Plant height (PLH), number of primary branches per plant (NOPB) and survival rate were assessed at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after planting during the 2020–2021 growing season. Rosemary plant essential oil and fat content were extracted using steam distillation and Soxhlet methods, respectively, and determined for quality using the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Plants grown under Cm had a higher PLH and NOPB, whereas the F treatment largely affected the survival rate of rosemary plants than the control. A total of 26 constituents were identified from the obtained rosemary oil grown under different treatments by use of GC-MS analysis with Cm treatment containing the highest number of oil compounds. The main rosemary oil compounds in the present work were alpha-pinene (29.80%–34.34%), eucalyptol (27.15%–30.26%), verbenone (7.63%–8.14%) and geraniol (4.47%–5.22%). The oil yield from the steam distillation method ranged from 0.45% (v/w) to 0.59% (v/w) while the fat content as measured using the Soxhlet method ranged between 11.22% and 13.36% across various treatments. The essential oil yield and fat content from rosemary grown under Cm, Cm + F, or F conditions were not significantly different. This study shows that Cm markedly influenced rosemary oil quality when compared to other soil amendments.

Field germination of seeds, the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants under various variants of the nutrition system in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of three-year studies on the influence of various variants of the nutrition system on the field germination of seeds, the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Formulation of the problem. Analysis of the spring barley yield in Ukraine indicates a significant lag behind the leading agrarian countries of the EU. Now there is a tendency for a gradual increase in its yield in Ukraine, in particular in 2018, 2019 and 2020 it was 2,75, 3,25 and 3,27 t/ha. At the same time, it is still half as much in comparison with the leading EU countries, which is why there is a need to look for ways to increase the yield of spring barley in specific growing conditions. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of various options for the main application of complex fertilizers and foliar dressing with various options for a mixture of urea, biostimulant and polymer fertilizers on field germination of seeds, viability and survival rate of spring barley plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Research methodology. The studies were carried out during 2018–2020 on the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the separate structural unit "Novokakhovskiy specialized college of the DmytroMotornyiTavria State Agrotechnological University", located in the central part of the Kakhovka district of the Kherson region. The two-way experiment was carried out by the split-section method in four repetitions and two tiers. Five options for the main application of mineral fertilizers and five options for foliar dressing were studied. The sowing area was 120 m2, and the counting area was 80 m2. Research results. In the course of the research, a tendency to increase the indices of field germination of seeds was established for all variants of the main application of complex fertilizers. It was the highest on the options for using ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer at the rate of N30P30K30 and N60P60K60 82.9 %, which is almost 2,0 % higher than in the control. The main application of fertilizers and foliar dressing, by improving nutrition and leveling exogenous stresses, significantly increased the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants. By optimizing the feeding system (variant of the main application of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer N60P60K60, followed by two foliar dressings: during microphase 31 with a mixture of carbamide (N10 kg/ha), Efisoil Renovation at a dose of 0,4 l/ha and Folik Micro at a dose of 1,5 l/ha and during microphase 39 with a mixture of Efisoil Renovation at a dose of 0,4 l/ha together with Folik Micro at a dose of 3,0 l/ha), the safety and survival of plants was 5,6 and 10,5 % higher, respectively, than in the control. Thus, the optimization of the feeding system of spring barley, even under the condition of the same indicators of all other elements of the yield structure, only due to the higher survival rate of plants, provides an increase in grain yield by more than 10,0 %. Key words: spring barley, main fertilization, foliar feeding, field germination, viability, survival rate.

Effects of Plant Population Density on the Growth, Survival Rate and Yield of Common Beans (Phaseolus spp.) Cultivated under Tropical Climate

Background: Common beans form a key dietary protein in many developing countries, including the Pacific Island countries. It is an important source of protein for vegetarians or those who cannot afford meat. However, being such an important crop, its yield is affected for several reasons, leading to a major upset for people dependent on it. One of the major issues in tropical climatic regions such as Fiji is the lack of information on the correct spacing to achieve the accepted plant population to increase the yield per given area. Therefore, the current research was carried out to investigate the suitable plant-to-plant spacing in butter and french beans for correct plant population density for maximum yield. Methods: Butter and french beans were selected as a research crop for this experiment with two trials and three replications. Data on plant height, stem girth, leaf chlorophyll content, plant survival rate, number of pods, pod length and pod weight were taken after thirty days of sowing and continued at an interval of ten days until sixty days after sowing. Result: The experiment results indicate that neither the lower plant-plant spacing nor, the higher plant-to-plant spacing significantly affected the growth and yield of both butter and french bean. However, the plant survival rate under higher plant-to-plant spacing (50´25 cm) was higher; therefore, the higher plant-to-plant spacing is recommended for growing butter and french beans under the tropical climate as it allows the farmers to save around 38% of the seeds while getting similar plant growth and yield.

Quantitative trait loci underlying flooding tolerance in soybean (Glycine max)

AbstractFlooding stress typically causes oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) in plants, which damages roots and substantially affects soybean growth, survival and yield. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and understanding the inheritance of flooding tolerance will help in developing soybean cultivars with tolerance to flooding. The objective of this study was to map QTLs responsible for flooding tolerance using an F5‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a ‘Benning’ × PI 416937 cross. RILs, along with the parents ‘Benning’ and PI 416937, were grown in 2012, 2014 and 2015 at Stuttgart, AR, and phenotyped for flooding tolerance using a visual determination of plant health and the survival rate of plants in the field. The population was genotyped with the SoySNP6K Infinium BeadChips. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction (P < .0001) on flooding tolerance. QTL analysis detected nine significant QTL (logarithm of the odds [LOD] > 3.0) for flooding tolerance on chromosomes (Chrs) 1, 4, 5, 16 and 18 for both flooding tolerance scores (FTSs) and survival rates (SRs) using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values over three years. Three QTLs, located on Chrs 1, 5 and 16, were in common for both FTS and SR traits, and individual QTLs explained 7.6% to 11.0% of the phenotypic variation. The results suggested that flooding tolerance is a complex trait, which is controlled by multiple QTLs and significantly affected by QTL × environment interactions. The QTL and marker information could be used to assist soybean breeders to develop flooding tolerant cultivars.

A Decade of Variety Testing for Resistance of Red Clover to Southern Anthracnose (Colletotrichum trifolii Bain et Essary) at the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL)

Southern anthracnose is caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii Bain et Essary and affects red clover (Trifolium pratense) cultivation, causing severe losses in plant stands. Artificial inoculation with the pathogen in the greenhouse has been proven to effectively differentiate varieties for their resistance based on the survival rates of plants. Additionally, this method was successfully used to improve red clover populations via recurrent selection. However, not much is yet known on its association with resistance behavior in the field. In this study, results from 10 years of artificial inoculation trials at the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture were analyzed and compared to official German variety descriptions that are based on field data. A good congruency between survival rates from the greenhouse and official susceptibility ratings were observed. Thus, data from greenhouse tests have great potential to complement official variety lists where gaps exist. It was shown that within only three generations of recurrent selection using the greenhouse test, an existing variety could be significantly improved in terms of its resistance to Southern anthracnose without changing its DUS characteristics. A continuously increasing resistance level in the varieties registered in Germany since 2005 indicates that breeders can successfully respond to the threat imposed by this relatively new disease.

Influence of biopreparations on formation of elements of productivity of spring barley

Relevance. The strategy for the development of agriculture in Russia and its biologization determine the relevance of our research. Empirical studies are aimed at studying the effect of biological preparations on the formation of elements of the structure of the yield of spring barley. The data presented in the work continues the research carried out in 2016–2020 in the Rostov region.Methods. Studied biopreparations are: Biodux; Trainer; Artafite; Obereg; Fulvogumate. Control — water treatment. Spraying was carried out according to the recommendations for the use of preparations: 1st — in the tillering phase, 2nd — in the heading phase. The total area under the experiments is 600 m2, the area of each variant is 25 m2, the replication is 4 times. The link in the crop rotation is “sunflower — spring barley”. The soils of the experimental plot are ordinary chernozem. Used variety is Leon.Results. In 2021, full sprouting of barley was observed on the 8th day after sowing. This is due to sufficient warming up of the sowing layer of soil (+8 °C) and moisture 28 mm (in a layer of 0–10 cm). Studies have shown that field germination of barley was 88%. The use of biological products influenced the survival rate of plants to harvest which wasmore than 80%. In the variants with the use of Biodux and Obereg, this figure was 86 and 87%, respectively. Biopreparations stimulated the growth of productive stems, productive bushiness increased in comparison with the control (1,21) to 1,28–1,33. The mass of a thousand grains in the variants exceeded the control, especially with the use of Obereg — 45,6 g, which is 2,9 g more than the control. The number of grains in an ear ranged from 17,7 to 18 pieces, which is on average 1 piece more than in the control. The highest productivity was formed by barley plants under the influence of the biopreparations Obereg and Biodux. Thus, the increase in productivity under the influence of biological products due to all elements of the productivity of barley plants has been reliably proven.

Formation of the yield of oil crops of the Brassicaceae family in the Middle Cis-Urals

The article presents data on the study of the formation of the seed yield of spring oil crops in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The work is based on the results of a two-factor microfield experiment, where factor A - crops - rape and camelina, factor B - varieties of crops - rape Accord and Podmoskovny, camelina Veles and Yubilyar. The relevance of the study is related to the growing interest in oil crops. The research methodology is generally accepted in agronomy. Camelina was characterized by a faster rate of development, its growing season was 89-109 days, rape - 109-147 days. Morphological and biological features of crops were revealed – a large height of rape plants, their damage by blossom weevil and diamondback moth and the associated lower (50%) survival rate of plants during vegetation; lower seed content (by 44 pcs.) and the formation of smaller seeds (the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.08 g inferior to the same indicator of rape) in camelina. With such a yield structure, camelina had an advantage of 18 g/m2. The crops did not differ in the content of crude protein and fat in the seeds.

ДОБІР ГЕНОТИПІВ ГОРОШКУ ПОСІВНОГО (ЯРОГО), СТІЙКИХ ДО АБІОТИЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ ДОВКІЛЛЯ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ З РІЗНИМИ ПІДТРИМУЮЧИМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ

Artificial selection of spring vetch began with hybrid materials selected from the nursery of the F1 hybrids. When studying spring vetch on different backgrounds, there was a significant difference between the offspring in terms of plant survival rate: against the background of oats, its values ranged from 21.8 to 34.4 % with an average of 27.5 %, and after white mustard - from 40 .2 to 53.35 % at - 47.2 %. Stabilization of the competitiveness of spring vetch in mixed sowing with oats was not observed, but there was a decrease in the share of full-fledged plants of the artificial population F4 from 0.5 to 7.9% compared to F3. There were more full-fledged spring vetch plants against the background of mustard, it was indicates that mustard has much lower competitiveness compared to oats. It was found that in each population plants with low productivity prevailed both after oats and after white mustard. The selection coefficient (per a sheaf) averaged from 19 % against background oats and up to 34.1 % - after white mustard, a total of 2240 elite plants were selected. Thus, at the first stage, spring vetch plants survived under cultivation with a supporting crop were selected. The survival rate of spring vetch in the agrocenosis with oats varied from 17.3 to 31.3 %. 2054 elite plants were obtained. The second stage of the artificial selection nursery was formed from the material of spring vetch which was tested for resistance to the competitive background of the previous year. The survival rate of spring vetch plants varied from 17.6 % to 24.5 %, 2432 elite plants were obtained. At the third stage, the offspring of spring vetch in mixed sowing with oat and white mustard was studied: 546 elite plants against the background of oat and 1694 against the background of white mustard were selected, with a total of 2240 elite plants selected. The percentage of selected plants indicates that spring vetch genotypes which cannot compete with the supporting crops and between themselves are eliminated from the population. Purposeful selection of artificial hybrid population of spring vetch promotes the formation of genetically balanced lines with increased resistance to abiotic environmental factors. Key words: spring vetch, hybrid, selection, productivity, mixed sowing.

TERMSFOR CREATION OF FOREST CROPS OF BLACK SAXAUL (HALOXYLON APHYLLUM) IN WEST KAZAKHSTAN

The authors of the article, on the basis of studies conducted on the territory of the state forest fund of the KSU "Samsk State Institution for the Forests and Wildlife Protection" of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management in Mangystau Region, prove that in the arid conditions of Western Kazakhstan, the terms of planting black saxaul affects growth and survival rate. The main indicator of the success of silvicultural work is the survival rate and growth, which more fully characterize the physiological state of plants in connection with transplantation. The survival rate of seedlings is closely related to the amount of soil moisture at the time of planting and in the first 10-15 days after it. The article presents the results of the optimal terms of the creation of black saxaul crops in spring. The most reliable way to create forest saxaul crops is spring planting with annual standard seedlings, which ensures a high percentage of survival rate and distribution of plants over the entire area compared to autumn sowing. Preliminarily, the first ten days of April should be considered the optimal planting time for the arid conditions of Western Kazakhstan. Delay in forest planting by one decade significantly reduces the survival rate of crops.

Systematic analysis of the Serine/Arginine-Rich Protein Splicing Factors (SRs) and focus on salt tolerance of PtSC27 in Populus trichocarpa

Serine/Arginine-Rich Protein Splicing Factors (SRs) are indispensable splicing factors, which play significant roles in spliceosome assembly, splicing regulation and regulation of plant stress. However, a comprehensive analysis and function research of SRs in the woody plant is still lacking. In this report, we conducted the identification and comprehensive analysis of the 71 SRs in poplar and three other dicots, including basic characterization, phylogenetic, conserved motifs, gene duplication, promoter and splice isoform of these genes. Based on the publicly available transcriptome data, expression pattern of SRs in poplar under low temperature, high temperature, drought and salt stress were further analyzed. Subsequently, a key candidate gene PtSC27 that responded to salt stress was screened. More importantly, overexpression of PtSC27 increased plant survival rate under salt stress, and enhanced salt tolerance by regulating malondialdehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in transgenic plants. Meanwhile, overexpression of PtSC27 made transgenic plants insensitive to exogenous ABA and improved the expression of some ABA signal-related genes under salt stress. Overall, our studies lay a foundation for understanding the structure and function of SRs in the poplar and provide useful gene resources for breeding through genetic engineering.

How important is fire-induced disturbance in the maintenance of a threatened perennial forb,

Context Many grassland forb populations have greatly diminished because their habitat coincides with prime agricultural land and remnants lack appropriate disturbance regimes. Aim The aim of the current study is to examine the survivorship, vegetative recruitment, biomass and sexual reproduction of S. papaverifolium in response to burning in one of a few natural surviving populations in Queensland. Methods We monitored the survivorship, vegetative recruitment, and reproduction of a rare native forb, Solanum papaverifolium, within a randomised replicated experiment by using 14 circular plots measuring 12.56 m2 (2 m radius). Key results Plant survival rate after 5 months was greater in the burnt plots (56%) than the unburnt plots (44%). Vegetative recruitment from suckers in the burnt plots was almost twice that in the unburnt plots. The probability of flowering was also enhanced by burning. Fruit set in new recruits was higher in the burnt plots (20%) than in the unburnt plots (5%). Whereas fruiting did not occur in unburnt plots for surviving plants that flowered, only 1% fruited in the burnt plots. Seedling production was not observed. Conclusion Previous studies have demonstrated that the subtropical grassland flora in the study region is unaffected by burning, whereas the present study suggests that some grassland species respond positively to burning. Implications Although fire increased flowering in this species, suggesting that fire may be a useful tool to stimulate sexual reproduction, ongoing research is required to understand the precise factors that promote flowering after burning and the barriers to seedling reproduction.