Survival Of Goldfish Research Articles

The effect of temperature on the hatchability of eggs soaked in tannin and the survival of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The effect of temperature on the hatchability of eggs soaked in tannin and the survival of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Pepaya Muda Terhadap Tingkat Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)

This research aims of determine the effect of adding papaya extract which countains the papain enzyme on the growth and survival of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio). It is conducted for 35 days at the Andalas Fish Seed Center (BBI), Kota Tengah, Gorontalo Province. The research method applies a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. It is done by adding a dose of papaya extract containing the papain enzyme as P1 (Control), P2 (0,25g), P3 (0,50gr), P4 (0,75 gr). Moreover, the parameter observed include weight and length growth as well as survival. The result show that the addition of papaya extract to feed can increase the growth rate of the goldfish see weight with the best value of 0,48% in the P3 treatment and 0,65% in length growth. Meanwhile, the lowest value is shown in the P1 treatment of 0,25% for weight and 0,46% for length. Futhermore, the highest survival is achieved in the P4 treatment at 81,67% and the lowest in the P1 treatment at 33,33%. The addition of papaya extrac to the feed does not affect the growth in its length and weight but does affect the survival. On the other hand, the water quality during the research ranges from 27-27,2oC, with pH 8,0-8,1 and DO 5,8-6,2 Mg/L.

Substitution of Maggot Meal (Hermetia illucens) in Feeds to The Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Protein, a macromolecular component, is relatively expensive in artificial feed because it originates from fishmeal. The study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of maggot meal in the experimental feed with commercial feed on the growth performance and survival of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and it was conducted for 30 days. This study used an experimental method, complete randomized design (CRD), including 4 treatments with 3 replicates. The treatments in this study include A as a control (commercial feed) and test feed B, C, and D, each of which has a maggot meal substitution level (g/kg test feed) of 150, 175, and 200 feed, respectively. The experimental fish in this study is goldfish with an average initial weight of 3.2 ± 1.38 grams per fish. The maintenance tank for goldfish in this study used an aquarium with a water level of 50 cm. Growth performance data taken included specific growth rate (SGR), total feed consumption (TFC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), and survival (SR). The results showed that substituting maggot meal in the feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on SGR, TFC, FCR, and FUE but no effect on survival. Based on the results, the best substitution dose of maggot meal that has results close to the control treatment is 175 g/kg, which can produce SGR (0.55%/day), FUE (21.90%), FCR (3.44), TFC (26.67 grams), and SR (80%). Therefore, the 175 g/kg maggot meal can be an alternative ingredient of feed-based fishmeal for goldfish.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PAKAN MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)

This study aims to analyze the growth and survival of Goldfish given maggot treatment. The research was carried out in March – May 2022 for the maintenance of biota in private installations and the Proximate Test of Treated Feed was carried out at the Nutrition and Animal Feed Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University Mataram (UNRAM). The research method used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) by being tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), using four treatments and three repeats, P1 (commercial feed 100%), P2 (wet maggot 100%), P3 (dry maggot 100%), P4 (wet maggot 50% and commercial feed 50%). The results showed that used maggot in all treatments parameters : Absolute weight, specific growth rate, absolute length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (EPP), survival rate (SR) had an insignificant (P>0.05) influence on the tested research parameters. The conclusions show the use of Commercial feed 100%, wet maggot 100%, dry maggot 100%, and the combination of wet maggot 50% with commercial feed 50% showed the same results in all parameters of the study.

Growth and Survival of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Juveniles Fed Tubifex, Custard Meal and Commercial Feeds

An experiment was conducted to investigate suitable feed for Carassius auratus juveniles. 30-day-old juveniles (3.31±0.14 cm and 0.84±0.3 g) were reared in glass aquaria (50×30×30 cm3) at stocking density of 10 juveniles/aquaria in triplicates. The juveniles were fed four different feeds, Tubifex, egg custard, commercial feed, and aquarium feed, twice daily until satiation. After 28 days of trial, fish fed custard and Tubifex had significantly higher survival rates (91% and 88%) than those fed aquarium feed (81%, P < 0.05) and commercial fish feed (75%, P < 0.05). The final length, weight, absolute growth rate and metabolic growth rate were significantly varied among the treatments (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were evident in weight gain and SGR (P > 0.05). The fish fed custard and Tubifex were comparable in terms of growth performance (P > 0.05) while a significantly lower growth rate was found in fish fed commercial feed (P < 0.05). Fish fed Tubifex and custard had significantly higher protein content (15.28% and 14.86%, respectively) than those fed commercial fish feed (13.41%) and aquarium feed (12.21%). The overall findings suggest that the formulated egg custard can promote growth and survival in goldfish.

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Rumput Laut Eucheuma spinosum pada Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the additional flour eucheuma spinosum on feed to the growth and survival of goldfish. Research carried out for 40 days in the Laboratorium basah, Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, universitas mataram. The method used is the experimental random complete (RAL) which includes 4 treatments and 3 replacements, so the total of this experiment is 12 units. The treatment that research is the addition of different flour E. Spinosum in feed, consists of: P1: control (without additional flour E. Spinosum), P2: flour E. Spinosum 4 %, P3: flour E. Spinosum 8 %, P4: flour e. Spinosum 12 %. The results of this study indicate that the addition of flour E. spinosum feed has a significant effect on the growth of absolute, the specific growth rate and efficiency of feed, but does not affect conversion of feed and survival rate (SR). The addition of flour E. spinosum feed up to a dose of 4% can give an increase in absolute weight 4.79 g, absolute length 2.38 cm, specific growth rate (SGR) 2.62%, efficiency of feed 66.54% and feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.47.Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum, Feed, Fish carp

Effect of additional Eucheuma spinosum seaweed flour on feed towards the growth and survival of fish carp (Cyprinus Carpio)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the additional flour eucheuma spinosum on feed to the growth and survival of goldfish. Research carried out for 40 days in the Laboratorium basah, Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, universitas mataram. The method used is the experimental random complete (RAL) which includes 4 treatments and 3 replacements, so the total of this experiment is 12 units. The treatment that research is the addition of different flour E. Spinosum in feed, consists of: P1: control (without additional flour E. Spinosum), P2: flour E. Spinosum 4 %, P3: flour E. Spinosum 8 %, P4: flour e. Spinosum 12 %. The results of this study indicate that the addition of flour E. spinosum feed has a significant effect on the growth of absolute, the specific growth rate and efficiency of feed, but does not affect conversion of feed and survival rate (SR). The addition of flour E. spinosum feed up to a dose of 4% can give an increase in absolute weight 4.79 g, absolute length 2.38 cm, specific growth rate (SGR) 2.62%, efficiency of feed 66.54% and feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.47.Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum; Feed; Fish carp

Effect of different rearing systems on the growth and survival of Gold fish (Carassius auratus)

The study was conducted to compare the effect of three different fry rearing systems such as: hapa, cistern and pond on the growth and survival of goldfish (Carassius auratus ) fry. A total of 645 fry (mean initial weight: 0.0071 mg) were randomly distributed in the three treatments (systems) each having three replications. The stocking density was same in all the treatments with respect to the water volume of the systems which was 10 fry/hapa, 125 fry/cistern and 80 fry/pond. The trial lasted for 40 days. The water quality parameters were favorable in all the treatments during the period of the study. The growth and survival of goldfish fry varied among the systems. Highest average weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in pond followed by hapa and cistern. On the other hand, survival rate was highest in cistern followed by hapa and pond. It can be concluded from the study that the pond was the best system in terms of growth rate and cistern was the best system for survival of gold fish fry.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 301-306, August 2015

English

The effects of four different salinities (SW, 50% SW, 100% SW and 150% SW) on specific growth rate, weight gain, food intake and survival of goldfish and crucian carp were investigated for 20 days. Both species were respectively adapted to water source, which has salinity of 8 ppt in the experimental unit for one month and then transferred to SW (8 ppt), 50% SW (12 ppt), 100% SW (16 ppt) and 150% SW (20 ppt) experimental treatments. Four goldfish fish and three crucian carp fish were placed in each aquarium. They were fed with commercial feed (Tetra Pond) to satiation twice a day and individually weighed at weekly interval. The final weight of the goldfish reared in the SW (938 ± 486 mg) and 50% SW (723 ± 269 mg) was significantly larger than that of fish reared in the 100% SW (475 ± 114 mg) and 150% SW (106 ± 318 mg). The specific growth rate was the highest in the SW (SGR: 0.53 ± 0.270% day-1) and the lowest in the 150% SW (SGR: 0.06 ± 0.195% day-1). Food intake was higher in the first three treatment groups (10.33 ± 0.572; 10.86 ± 0.917; 10.17 ± 0.767 g, respectively) than in the 150% SW (7.75 ± 1.612 g). Survival was not significantly different in the four salinity treatments (81.20 ± 23.94 ton 100.00 ± 0.00%). The final weight of the crucian carp breeding in the SW (860 ± 220 mg) and 50% SW (848 ± 394 mg) were significantly higher than the other two treatment groups. It was the worst in the 150% SW (-15 ± 903 mg). Specific growth rate was higher in the SW (SGR: 0.22 ± 0.040% day-1) and 50% SW (SGR: 0.30 ± 0.103% day-1) than the other two treatment groups. It was the lowest in the 150% SW (-0.06 ± 0.300% day-1). Food intake was higher in the first three treatment groups (8.70 ± 1.352; 7.25 ± 0.540; 7.06 ± 0.647 g, respectively) than in the 150% SW (5.60 ± 1.875 g). Survival was significantly influenced in the 150% SW (83.33 ± 19.24%). In conclusion, both species can be transferred to brackish water having not more than 8 ppt salinity. The maximum salinity tolerances of goldfish and crucian carp were 20 ppt. These findings are important in aquarium fish industry. Key words: Goldfish, crucian carp, salinity, growth, survival.

Effect of Light and Music on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Environmental enrichment is one of the methods for improving fish growth performance. In the present trial, the effects of both light color and music on growth performance and survival of goldfish (Carassius auratus) (initial mean weight: 4.15±0.08 g) were investigated for 2 months. Two light color treatments (red light and white light) and three music treatments (M0: without music, M30:30 minutes music and M60:60 minutes music) were considered. At the end of the rearing stage, growth performance including weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth rate (DGR) and food conversion rate (FCR) and also survival rate (SR) were surveyed. Results indicated that the effect of music and interaction effect of light by music were not significant (P>0.05) on growth performance parameters, whereas light significantly (P 0.05). Using music in the rearing environment had no positive or negative effect on goldfish growth, revealing that goldfish can distinguish music from other environmental stressful sounds.

Evaluation of Dairy–Yeast Prebiotic Supplementation in the Diet of Juvenile Goldfish in the Presence or Absence of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

Prebiotics recently have been shown to increase immune responses and disease resistance in certain fish species; therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the commercially available dairy-yeast prebiotic, GroBiotic-A, for use with juvenile goldfish Carassius auratus. The study consisted of two 10-week feeding trials in which juvenile goldfish were fed practical diets that were either unsupplemented or supplemented with the dairy-yeast prebiotic at 2% by dry weight. Juvenile fish were sorted by size and stocked into 12 units within each of two culture systems: one indoor system supplied with recirculated well water and one system located outdoors with a continuous flow of pond water to provide a source of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Both diets were fed to fish in six units within each system at the same fixed percentage of body weight twice daily. Culture system (i.e., presence or absence of phytoplankton and zooplankton) was the primary factor influencing (P < 0.0001) percent weight gain, feed efficiency, and survival of goldfish during the feeding trials. No dietary effect was detected, although there was a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between culture system and diet, with supplementation of the dairy-yeast prebiotic tending to improve weight gain and feed efficiency of fish in the presence of phytoplankton/zooplankton. During a controlled disease challenge with an intraperitoneally administered dose of Aeromonas hydrophila that was equivalent to a predetermined LD50 (dose lethal to 50% of test fish), average survival values ranged between 67% and 83% for fish that previously had access to phytoplankton/zooplankton compared with 17-33% for fish that had no access to phytoplankton/zooplankton. The dairy-yeast prebiotic, however, did not enhance resistance of goldfish to the bacterial pathogen and did not greatly alter microbiota of the anterior or posterior gastrointestinal tract based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. In conclusion, the dairy-yeast prebiotic did not improve feed efficiency in goldfish or resistance to a bacterial pathogen as previously observed in golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas and hybrid bass (white bass Morone chrysops X striped bass M. saxatilis).

CHARACTERISTICS OF A WATER-PURIFICATION SYSTEM USING IMMOBILIZED PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA BEADS

The characteristics of nitrogen removal by the free cell and the immobilized cell of R. capsulatus were investigated. Denitrification by R. capsulatus cells resulted in reduction of ORP with the rapid depletion of DO and the increase of pH. Without accumulation of nitrite, the removal efficiencies of -N for the free cell and the immobilized cell were 99.1 and 99.3%, respectively. During the three-month experiment of goldfish breeding equipped with a water-purification biofilter, the average values of pH and total cell numbers present in an aquarium were not significantly different between water-purification system and the control. The average concentrations of -N and -P in water-purification system were relatively low, compared to that in the control. Goldfish died at , , , and days in the control, while goldfish died at , , and days in the water-purification system. On the days of goldfish's death, the total concentrations of nitrogenous compounds except for were higher than those on the other days of the experiment, especially with the concentrations of -N ranging from 7.4 to 13.5 mg/L. The water-purification system also showed the less turbidity of water with more active movement of goldfish than the control. PVA gel beads showed almost the full denitrifying ability even after the long-term experiment. As a result, the water-purification system was effective to remove nitrogenous compounds with better survival of goldfish.

Action of cadmium on the gills of Carassius auratus L. in the presence of catabolic NH3

Histochemical changes of oxidative enzymes and cadmium uptake in the Carassius auratus gills were examined up to 7 days after a 87.6 μM cadmium exposure in very alkaline water in the presence and absence of catabolic ammonia. In the presence of catabolic NH3, the toxic action of cadmium is much more intense and determines a 20% survival of goldfish with a heavy increase in the excretion of mucus. Animals treated with cadmium only and controls survived in the order of 100%. More drastic histochemical alterations in the activity of oxidative enzymes (SDH, G-6-PDH, LDH) were documented in animals treated both with cadmium and ammonia, if compared with those treated with cadmium only. A reduction in the activity of enzymes after 24 h, a heavy increase of the LDH reaction after 72 h, and a strong increase after 7 days in the number of positive SDH cells (which correspond to chloride cells) were documented. After a hyperaccumulation at 24 h (returning afterwards to much lower values), at 7 days the cadmium uptake was higher in the animals treated both with cadmium and ammonia.

Survival of Goldfish in Presence of Carbon Monoxide*

ABSTRACT The importance of Hb for certain aspects of goldfish respiration has been tested by converting it to COHb. Goldfish exposed to 80 % CO and 20 % O2 survived over 24 hr. at 30 ° C., and indefinitely longer at lower temperatures. Routine activity of goldfish over most, if not all, of their thermal range does not depend upon Hb. Removal of dissolved O2 from water under asphyxiai conditions does not depend upon Hb. While the physiological basis of CO2 tolerance curves remains unresolved, it can be said that they do not indicate an effect of CO2 upon Hb. Apparent changes in sensitivity to CO2 that have been ascribed to changes in thermal environment are probably artefacts arising from variation in the solubility of CO2.