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12728 Articles

Published in last 50 years

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  • Surface Wind Speed
  • Surface Wind Speed
  • Surface Wind Direction
  • Surface Wind Direction
  • Near-surface Wind
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Articles published on Surface Wind

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Sea surface wind speed retrieval based on ICESat-2 ocean signal vertical distribution

Sea surface wind speed retrieval based on ICESat-2 ocean signal vertical distribution

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  • Journal IconRemote Sensing of Environment
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Jinghong Xu + 13
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Dual-layer alginate hydrogel dressings with chitosan nanofibers for enhanced wound healing, infection prevention, and controlled drug release.

Dual-layer alginate hydrogel dressings with chitosan nanofibers for enhanced wound healing, infection prevention, and controlled drug release.

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  • Journal IconInternational journal of biological macromolecules
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Sajad Abdollahi + 3
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Wound Healing Properties of Plant-Based Hydrogel and Oleogel Formulations in a Rat Scald Burn Model.

Background: Scald burns pose significant morbidity, and effective topical treatments remain a clinical priority. Burn injuries pose a significant clinical challenge due to the prolonged inflammation and high infection risk. Traditional treatments focus on moisture retention and infection prevention, but biocompatible formulations such as hydrogels and oleogels offer advantages. Hydrogels hydrate, cool, and promote epidermal regeneration, while oleogels form a lipid barrier that enhances the absorption of lipophilic bioactive compounds. There is an increasing demand for novel topical alternatives that can effectively improve wound healing by modulating the inflammatory cascade, accelerating epithelial and dermal regeneration, and restoring barrier function. Objective: This study aimed to determine the most effective plant-based topical formulations for enhancing second-degree scald burn wound healing. Methods: Utilizing a standardized rat model, we compared 21 distinct topical formulations, consisting of oleogel and hydrogel bases enriched with extracts from Boswellia serrata (frankincense), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Sambucus nigra flower (elderflower), and Galium verum (lady's bedstraw). Second-degree burns were uniformly induced in 24 Wistar rats using boiling water (100 °C for 8 s) using the RAPID-3D device, a validated 3D-printed tool that ensures reproducible burns through controlled exposure to boiling water. Post-burn, rats were divided into three equal subgroups, and topical formulations were applied daily. Wound healing efficacy was evaluated through wound surface area measurements, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, sebum production, pigmentation, inflammation (erythema), skin perfusion, and histological parameters at multiple timepoints (days 1, 4, 9, 14, and 21 post-burn induction). Results: Statistical analyses indicated significant advantages of oleogel-based formulations over hydrogel-based formulations. Specifically, formulations containing Boswellia serrata and Ocimum basilicum extracts significantly reduced wound size and inflammation, improved skin hydration, and decreased melanin production by days 9 and 21 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential clinical value of oleogel-based topical preparations containing specific plant extracts for improving scald burn wound healing outcomes, warranting further clinical evaluation.

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  • Journal IconPharmaceutics
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Oana Janina Roșca + 14
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Development of an aligned nanofiber composite silk fibroin multilayer dressings: Accelerating wound healing and reducing scar formation.

Development of an aligned nanofiber composite silk fibroin multilayer dressings: Accelerating wound healing and reducing scar formation.

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  • Journal IconInternational journal of biological macromolecules
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Jiahao Zhao + 6
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Konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate/ε-poly-l-lysine hydrogel promotes esophageal and colonic wound healing.

Konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate/ε-poly-l-lysine hydrogel promotes esophageal and colonic wound healing.

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  • Journal IconInternational journal of biological macromolecules
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Tianyu Zhou + 17
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Skin-inspired elastomer-hydrogel Janus fibrous membrane creates a superior pro-regenerative microenvironment toward complete skin regeneration.

Skin-inspired elastomer-hydrogel Janus fibrous membrane creates a superior pro-regenerative microenvironment toward complete skin regeneration.

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  • Journal IconBiomaterials advances
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Fengyu Wang + 7
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Modeling the Impacts of Antarctic Sea Ice Decline: Responses of Atmospheric Dynamics

Abstract Rapidly changing climate in polar regions not only impacts their local environments but also influences weather patterns in tropical and mid‐latitude regions. A key indicator of these changes is the accelerated decline of sea ice in polar areas. In this study, we investigated the atmospheric impacts of Antarctic sea ice reduction in response to intensified ocean surface winds. We employed the Polar‐WRF model, driven by ERA5 initial and boundary conditions between 2005 and 2011. The sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) conditions were derived from two realistic regional Southern Ocean MITgcm simulations, consisting of a control and a wind sensitivity experiment. In the latter, the zonal wind stress over the Southern Ocean is increased by a factor of 1.5, leading to a significant decrease in SIC and an increase in SST. Our Polar‐WRF simulations indicate that the winter and spring seasons are marked by significant meteorological changes, including a notable increase in surface air temperature (over 2.4°C) and sea level pressure (over 2 hPa). These atmospheric changes are particularly large in the Bellingshausen Sea, adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula and the Western Pacific Ocean. The intensified advection of warm‐moist air may further contribute to sea ice decline, with potential implications for increased melting of ice shelves in the Weddell and Ross Seas. The simulations illustrate that variations in wind stress could provide insights into the atmospheric‐sea ice dynamics driving recent record lows in Antarctic sea ice, underscoring the importance of such modeling for understanding and predicting changes.

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  • Journal IconJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
  • Publication Date IconApr 30, 2025
  • Author Icon Yasemin Ezber + 2
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The Near‐Surface Boundary Layer of Hurricane Laura (2020) at Landfall

Abstract While challenging, quantification of the near‐surface landfalling hurricane wind field is necessary for understanding hurricane intensity changes and damage potential. Using single‐ and dual‐Doppler Doppler on Wheels and in situ anemometer data, the wind structure of the very near‐surface boundary layer of Hurricane Laura (2020) is characterized. Small‐scale hurricane boundary layer (HBL) rolls (HBLRs) with a median size of approximately 400 m are present throughout much of the landfall, but are most vigorous in the eyewall. The maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and momentum flux associated with HBLRs occur in the eyewall and are much larger than previously documented at landfall. DOW‐derived and anemometer‐derived TKE values are comparable. Observed maximum surface gusts were consistent with the maximum radar wind speeds aloft, suggesting the importance of vertical transport within the HBL by sub‐kilometer scale structures for the enhancement of surface wind speeds.

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  • Journal IconGeophysical Research Letters
  • Publication Date IconApr 30, 2025
  • Author Icon Karen Ann Kosiba + 2
Open Access Icon Open Access
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Pathomorphological analysis of the qualitative composition of the inflammatory infiltrate around the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp in perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens

Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS) or Hoffman’s disease is considered a rather rare therapeutically complex purulent skin disease of unknown etiology. An active search for information regarding the qualitative and quantitative composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in PCAS, which could become a source for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, revealed a lack of studies using the immunohistochemical staining method and authoritative recommendations on the interpretation of the obtained histological changes in punch biopsies for further treatment. The aim of the work is to investigate the peculiarities of the location and number of CD20+, CD3+ cells and their populations of CD4+ / CD8+ T-lymphocytes of the inflammatory infiltrate around the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp in PCAS. Materials and methods. In the work, the material of 12 male patients with a diagnosis of undermining abscessing perifolliculitis of the head (Hoffman’s disease), aged from 20 to 51 years, the average age was 35.50 ± 11.54 years, and 5 samples of clean resection edges (conditional norm) of benign nevi of the scalp were examined. Heads of men aged 34 to 48 years, the average age was 32.10 ± 9.42 years (the control group compared with the research group did not show a statistically significant difference, p &gt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical examination was performed according to the protocols of TermoScientific (TS) with primary antibodies against B-lymphocytes (CD20, RTU), T-lymphocytes (CD3, RTU), T-helper / T-regulatory cells (CD4, RTU), T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8, RTU). Lab Vision Quanto imaging system (TS, USA) was used with detection of the reaction using DAB Quanto Chromogen (TS, USA). Results. The pathohistological pattern of damage to the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp in PCAS is characterized by a deep inflammatory infiltrate located at the level of the reticular dermis or hypodermis, the development of perifolliculitis in the direction of the formation of deep abscesses and the destruction of follicles with the formation of lymphoplasmacytic granulomas or granulomas with giant cells, obligatory hyperplasia of the sebaceous apparatus glands that open into the hair follicle. Given the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of each fat that actively produces sebaceous glands, their hyperplasia in PCAS may be an indirect confirmation of an adaptive response to commensal biological factors in the development of this pathology. Accumulation of CD20 (+) cells in the outer root epithelial sheath and CD3 (+) cells in the outer and inner root epithelial sheath around the shaft of the hair follicle bud, which is a source of stem cells for reparative regeneration of the epidermis and epithelization of the wound surface, is likely to lead to long-term healing period and alopecia in PCAS. A high density of infiltration by CD20 (+) and CD3 (+) cells in the area of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands and CD3 (+) cells in the area of the secretory departments of the sebaceous glands probably leads to hyperplasia of the sebaceous gland apparatus as a reactive process of reparative regeneration in PCAS. Conclusions. The predominance of CD4+–T-helpers, compared to CD8+–T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, among the CD3 (+) cells of the inflammatory infiltrate in PCAS indicates the superiority of the effector mechanisms of the immune response, which as a result leads to the activation of macrophages, neutrophils and CD20 (+) B-lymphocytes, which is reflected in the accumulation of these cells in the foci of chronic inflammation around pilosebaceous units of the scalp. The strong humoral response that develops in PCAS as a result of the activation of CD20 (+) B-lymphocytes through effector CD4+–T-helpers is effective in the fight against extracellular microorganisms and their toxins and works most powerfully against microorganisms that have a capsule of polysaccharides and lipids, which become a target for antibodies produced by plasma cells, while the smaller number of CD8+–T-cytotoxic lymphocytes are able to respond only to protein antigens. Thus, the study of the features of the immune response in PCAS indirectly helps to clarify the spectrum of etiological factors for improving the treatment strategy.

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  • Journal IconPathologia
  • Publication Date IconApr 30, 2025
  • Author Icon O V Poslavska + 3
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Real-world outcomes of acellular fish skin grafts for chronic wounds: A retrospective analysis of effectiveness and costs.

Chronic wounds (CW) are a major public health problem. Acellular fish skin grafts (AFSG) are increasingly used in advanced wound care, but data on their effectiveness and costs in real-world settings are scarce. We therefore retrospectively analysed the wound surface area (WSA), pain scores, and AFSG-related costs in patients with CW over a 12-week follow-up period. In this single-centre observational study, we analysed two datasets of 34 (full dataset) and 22 (WSA-dataset) CW patients treated with AFSG in a university hospital. Of 34 AFSG-treated patients (mean age 75.9 ± 11.4 years, 44.0% females) with 50 CW of various aetiologies (median ulcer duration 32 weeks), 66.6% experienced pain improvement at 12 weeks. Of 22 patients, 19 (86.4%) showed a mean reduction in WSA of -60.7% ± 143.8% (p = 0.0025); 36.4% of CW were healed. AFSG-related costs were 1232.3 EUR/patient and 130.4 EUR/reduced cm2 (n = 22), which was 6.5 times more cost-effective compared to previous study results using living cellular skin substitutes. During 12 weeks of follow-up in a real-world setting, AFSG resulted in reduced WSA in most patients, improved pain in two-thirds, and healed CW in one-third. AFSG may be more cost-effective than other products, but prospective head-to-head comparisons are needed.

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  • Journal IconWound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
  • Publication Date IconApr 29, 2025
  • Author Icon Pavlo Dinter + 3
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Parametric Representation of Tropical Cyclone Outer Radical Wind Profile Using Microwave Radiometer Data

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite can measure sea surface winds under tropical cyclone (TC) conditions with its L-band microwave radiometer, without being affected by rainfall or signal saturation. Through the statistical analysis of SMAP data, this study aims to develop radial wind profile models for the TC outer area whose distance from TC center is larger than the radius of maximum wind (Rm). A total of 196 TC cases observed by SMAP were collected between 2015 and 2020, and their intensities range from tropical storm to category 5. Based on the wind and radius data, the key model parameters α and β were fitted through the Rankine vortex model and the tangential wind profile (TWP) Gaussian model, respectively. α and β control the rate of change of the tangential wind speed with radius. Subsequently, for the parametric representation of α and β, we extracted some TC wind filed parameters, such as maximum wind speed (Um), Rm, the average wind speed at Rm (Uma), and the average radius of 17 m/s (R17) and examined the relationship between Uma and Um, the relationship between Rm and R17, the relationship between α, Um and Rm, and the relationship between β, Um and Rm. According to the results, the new radial wind profile models were proposed, i.e., SMAP Rankine Model-4 (SRM-4), SMAP Rankine Model-5 (SRM-5), and SMAP Gaussian Model-1 (SGM-1). A significant advantage of these models is that they can simulate average wind distribution through the conversion from Um to Uma. Finally, comparisons were made between the new models and existing SRM-1, SRM-2, and SRM-3, according to the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2) measurements of 126 TC cases. The results demonstrate that the SRM-4 simulated the radial wind profile best overall, with the lowest root mean-square error (RMSE) of 5.57 m/s, due to replacing the parameter Um with Uma, using Rankine vortex for α parameterization and modeling with adequate data. Moreover, the models outperform in the Atlantic Ocean, with a RMSE of 5.37 m/s. The new models have the potential to make a contribution to the study of ocean surface dynamics and be used for forcing numerical models under TC conditions.

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  • Journal IconRemote Sensing
  • Publication Date IconApr 28, 2025
  • Author Icon Yuan Gao + 3
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The treatment of a severely burned patient with the use of early combined single-stage necrectomy on an area of 28 % of the body surface

In the treatment of severely burned patients, the most effective prevention of infectious complications is early necrectomy. Currently, according to the clinical recommendations of the All-Russian public Organization “Association of Combustiolo gists “The World without Burns”, the maximum volume of necrectomy in one stage is 1/3 of the surface of deep burn wounds of the patient. In this clinical case, we provide an example of successful treatment of a patient using early combined necrectomy (exarticulation of the lower extremities at the knee joint level and necrectomy in a single block to the fascia in the hip area on an area of 10 % of the body surface) of 1/2 of the surface of deep burn wounds (28 % of the body surface) on the 5th day after injury.

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  • Journal IconGrekov's Bulletin of Surgery
  • Publication Date IconApr 27, 2025
  • Author Icon Ya L Butrin + 2
Open Access Icon Open Access
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Subsurface cooling trend in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean (1958–2023) linked with global warming and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

Abstract Over the past 66 years, the upper ocean heat content (OHC, 0-400m) in the Southern tropical Indian Ocean has not increased despite ongoing global warming and rapid local sea surface temperature rises. Here we show that the decrease in OHC is primarily due to the local subsurface cooling at depths of approximately 60 to 400 meters. The increasing cyclonic surface wind stress in the tropical Indian Ocean has intensified Ekman pumping locally, thereby enhancing vertical cold advection through upwelling processes. We further show that while the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) can drive similar changes in OHC and patterns of subsurface temperature through changes in surface wind stress, its effect is confined to decadal timescales and therefore does not leave evident imprints on this long-term trend. This study highlights the crucial role of local air-sea interactions and related oceanic dynamical processes in shaping the regional climate change response.

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  • Journal IconEnvironmental Research Letters
  • Publication Date IconApr 25, 2025
  • Author Icon Kangshun Ao + 2
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Developing an Objective Scheme to Construct Hurricane Bogus Vortices Based on Scatterometer Sea Surface Wind Data

This study presents an objective scheme to construct hurricane bogus vortices based on satellite microwave scatterometer observations of sea surface wind vectors. When specifying a bogus vortex using Fujita’s formula, the required parameters include the center position and the radius of the maximum gradient of sea level pressure (R0). We first propose determining the tropical cyclone (TC) center position as the cyclonic circulation center obtained from sea surface wind observations and then establishing a regression model between R0 and the radius of 34-kt sea surface wind of scatterometer observations. The radius of 34-kt sea surface wind (R34) is commonly used as a measure of TC size. The center positions determined from HaiYang-2B/2C/2D Scatterometers, MetOp-B/C Advanced Scatterometers, and FengYun-3E Wind Radar compared favorably with the axisymmetric centers of hurricane rain/cloud bands revealed by Advanced Himawari Imager observations of brightness temperature for the western Pacific landfalling typhoons Doksuri, Khanun, and Haikui in 2023. Furthermore, regression equations between R0 and the scatterometer-determined radius of 34-kt wind are developed for tropical storms and category-1, -2, -3, and higher hurricanes over the Northwest Pacific (2022–2023). The bogus vortices thus constructed are more realistic than those built without satellite sea surface wind observations.

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  • Journal IconRemote Sensing
  • Publication Date IconApr 25, 2025
  • Author Icon Weixin Pan + 2
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Comparative Evaluation of the Ability of the MYNN‐EDMF PBL Scheme in WRF Model to Reproduce Near Surface Wind Speed Over Different Topographical Types

Abstract This study systematically evaluates the performance of the Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino‐Eddy‐Diffusion‐Mass‐Flux planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating near‐surface wind speeds across various topographies in New York State (NYS). Simulated wind speeds are compared with in‐situ measurements from 22 surface sites, grouped into six topographic categories: continental plain (CT), lakeside (LS), river valley (RV), Long Island (LI), Block Island (BI), and offshore ocean (OO). A quantitative evaluation based on Relative Euclidean Distance shows that wind speeds at the OO site are the most accurately reproduced, followed by those at LI sites, while the model performs less accurately for the remaining topographic groups. Wind speeds over CT sites tend to be overestimated by approximately 1 m/s, although their diurnal variability (DV) is well captured. In contrast, the model underestimates wind DV at LS, RV, LI, and BI sites, with the largest biases occurring at LI and BI, resulting in underestimated daytime wind speed and/or overestimated nighttime wind speed. The OO winds exhibit minimal diurnal variation, accurately captured by our WRF model. The surface wind diurnal variation is closely linked to PBL development. Among the indicators of PBL development, surface potential temperature biases most strongly correlate with wind speed biases. Our WRF model faces challenges in capturing the distinctions between winds influenced by local circulations and those over continental plains, and the significantly stronger winds at OO compared to BI. Potential causes for these biases are discussed, offering pathways for improving surface wind simulations in future.

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  • Journal IconJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
  • Publication Date IconApr 24, 2025
  • Author Icon Yunpeng Shan + 2
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STUDI KARAKTERISTIK GELOMBANG, ARUS DAN ANGIN PERMUKAAN TAHUN 2023 DI RUTE PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK - BANJARMASIN UNTUK KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN

Keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik laut, termasuk kedalaman laut, tinggi gelombang, dan kecepatan angin. Salah satu jalur pelayaran strategis di Indonesia adalah rute Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak di Surabaya menuju Pelabuhan Banjarmasin di Kalimantan Selatan, yang berperan penting bagi kapal niaga dan penumpang serta mendukung kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik gelombang, arus, dan angin permukaan pada rute pelayaran ini sebagai upaya mitigasi risiko maritim dan peningkatan keselamatan pelayaran. Data penelitian menggunakan model InaWave yang diperoleh melalui platform OPeNDAP BMKG, dianalisis untuk menghasilkan peta rerata bulanan tinggi gelombang, arus, dan kecepatan angin sepanjang tahun 2023. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa selama bulan transisi (Maret–Mei dan September–November), terjadi variabilitas signifikan pada parameter angin, arus, dan gelombang, ditandai oleh anomali gelombang maksimum dan perubahan arah arus yang tiba-tiba. Kondisi ini memerlukan perhatian ekstra dalam perencanaan pelayaran untuk mengurangi risiko operasional. Kata Kunci: karakteristik, gelombang, arus, angin permukaan, rute pelayaran. Abstract The safety and security of maritime navigation are greatly influenced by physical sea conditions, including water depth, wave height, and wind speed. One of Indonesia's strategic shipping routes is the corridor between Tanjung Perak Port in Surabaya and Banjarmasin Port in South Kalimantan, which plays a crucial role for both commercial and passenger vessels, while also supporting economic and social activities in the surrounding areas. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of ocean waves, currents, and surface winds along this shipping route as part of efforts to mitigate maritime risks and enhance navigational safety. The research utilizes InaWave model data obtained through the OPeNDAP BMKG platform, which was analyzed to produce monthly average maps of wave height, currents, and wind speed throughout 2023. The analysis reveals that during the transitional months (March–May and September–November), significant variability occurs in wind, current, and ocean waves parameters, characterized by anomalous maximum waves and sudden changes in current direction. These conditions require extra attention in voyage planning to minimize operational risks. Keywords: characteristics, ocean waves, currents, surface winds, shipping route.

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  • Journal IconInovasi Fisika Indonesia
  • Publication Date IconApr 24, 2025
  • Author Icon Aisyah Salsabila + 5
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ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK GELOMBANG, ANGIN PERMUKAAN DAN CURAH HUJAN DI TIGA WILAYAH PEMBAGIAN ZONA HUJAN TAHUN 2021-2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik gelombang laut, angin permukaan, dan curah hujan di tiga wilayah zona hujan Indonesia: Sumatera Barat, Maluku Selatan dan Jawa. Data model yang digunakan diambil dari oPeNDAP BMKG lalu dianalisis per triwulan (DJF, MAM, JJA, SON) dan per tahun (2020-2022). Pada wilayah Sumatera Barat gelombang dan kecepatan angin tertinggi terjadi pada periode JJA dan terendah pada periode MAM dan SON dengan curah hujan yang tertinggi terjadi di bulan september hingga Desember. Pada Wilayah Maluku Tinggi gelombang dan kecepatan angin tertinggi terjadi pada periode JJA dan terendah pada periode MAM dan SON. Pada periode JJA merupakan puncak tertinggi curah hujan di wilayah Maluku. Terakhir, pada wilayah Jawa Tinggi gelombang dan kecepatan angin tertinggi terjadi pada periode JJA dan terendah pada periode MAM dan SON. Pada periode DJF wilayah Jawa mengalami puncak curah hujan dan curah hujan terendah pada periode JJA. Kata Kunci: karakteristik, gelombang laut, angin permukaan, curah hujan, zona hujan. Abstract This article aims to analyze the characteristics of ocean waves, surface winds and rainfall in three rainy zone regions of Indonesia: West Sumatra, South Maluku and Java. The model data used was taken from oPeNDAP BMKG and analyzed per quarter (DJF, MAM, JJA, SON) and per year (2020-2022). In the West Sumatra region, the highest waves and wind speeds occur in the JJA period and the lowest in the MAM and SON periods with the highest rainfall occurring in September to December. In the Maluku region, the highest waves and wind speeds occur in the JJA period and the lowest in the MAM and SON periods. In the JJA period is the highest peak of rainfall in the Maluku region. Finally, in the Java region, the highest wave height and wind speed occurred in the JJA period and the lowest in the MAM and SON periods. In the DJF period, the Java region experienced the peak rainfall and the lowest rainfall in the JJA period. Keywords: characteristics, ocean waves, surface winds, rainfall, rain zones.

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  • Journal IconInovasi Fisika Indonesia
  • Publication Date IconApr 23, 2025
  • Author Icon Ekik Setyo Amalia Ramadhany + 4
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Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern

Despite the continuous global warming, over the past several decades, the tropical East Pacific has experienced a cooling trend whose origin remains an area of active research. Mounting evidence has linked tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns to changes in the Southern Ocean via remote teleconnections. Using a fully-coupled global climate model, we demonstrate that stratospheric ozone depletion can produce a La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern resembling recent observations. This tropical response initially arises from mid-latitude ocean adjustments to ozone-driven surface wind anomalies, which then enhance in the tropics via positive cloud feedback and wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Our finding suggests that the observed La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern may have been, in part, caused by the formation of the ozone hole in the late 20th century. It also implies that ozone recovery in the coming decades will likely contribute to a future weakening or reversal of the observed tropical SST trends.

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  • Journal Iconnpj Climate and Atmospheric Science
  • Publication Date IconApr 22, 2025
  • Author Icon Yue Dong + 3
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EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF WOUND INFECTION

Summary. Infection in general, and surgical (wound) infection in particular, is one of the most complex and most urgent problems of our time. At the beginning of the antibiotic era, it seemed that the open class of antimicrobial drugs would finally solve this problem. But, after 20-30 years, it turned out that microbes have a very advanced system of protection against antibiotics. The problem of antibiotic resistance, in particular polyantibiotic resistance, arose. Increasing single and daily doses of antibiotics, the development of new antibiotics did not solve the problem. However, the increasingly widespread introduction of phage therapy threatens the emergence of the problem of resistance to bacteriophages. The aim is to analyze one's own experience of using phage therapy and formulate approaches to preventing bacteriophage resistance and minimizing its consequences/ Materials and methods. 14 patients with purulent and necrotic forms of wound infection, who had large defects of the skin and deeper tissues, were examined. In connection with the formation of polyantibiotic-resistant flora, phage therapy was started in these patients. Results and their discussion. The patients were hospitalized for a long time and received various antibiotics. As a result, the selection and formation of polyantibiotic-resistant strains took place. At the beginning of treatment, the seeding level (lg CFU/cm2) of the wound surface in patients of both groups was identical: (9.2 ± 0.2) and (9.1 ± 0.2). During 10 days, the seeding level decreased: in the main group — (4.9±0.3), in the control group — (6.8±0.3). A decrease in the seeding level below the “critical” level in the control group only in two patients (18.1%), in the main group in 10 (78.9%) patients (p&lt;0.05). The course of the wound process in patients in the main group was more favorable: granulations appeared one and a half days earlier, and the wound was cleaned of dead tissues, pus and fibrin almost two days earlier. An average of 2.3 days passed between the appearance of granulations and wound cleansing in patients of the main group. Among patients in the control group, the “transitional” period lasted almost 3 days, which is 30% longer. Conclusion. The use of polyvalent bacteriophages is an effective method of treating wound infection. To prevent the development of resistance to bacteriophages, their clinical use should be clearly regulated and controlled. Its use should be limited to cases of severe wound infection. In the absence of an obvious clinical and bacteriological effect, the use of bacteriophage should be stopped and switched to other methods of treatment (active mechanical and physical antiseptics)

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  • Journal IconKharkiv Surgical School
  • Publication Date IconApr 20, 2025
  • Author Icon O E Kanikovskyi + 3
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«AGGRESSIVE» MECHANICAL ANTISEPTIC IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF WOUND INFECTION

Summary. Introduction. Wound infection is currently becoming an even more actual problem. Treatment of wound infection remains a difficult task. The introduction of NPWT has contributed to significant progress in the treatment of this pathology. But there are not always conditions for this. The method has a number of contraindications. The goal is to optimize the method of complex treatment of infected wounds by regular implementation of “aggressive” measures of mechanical antiseptics. Materials and methods. 28 patients with purulent and necrotic forms of wound infection who did not have the conditions for placement of the VAK system were examined. Dressings were performed daily, starting with a soapy bath (10% soapy solution at a temperature of 35-37oC), which lasted 8-15 minutes. Then staged debridement was performed. The wound and the area of skin around the wound were washed with a sterile foam sponge. Curettage of the wound surface was performed. Remains of dead tissue, fibrin, and detritus were removed using a Volkmann spoon. The course of the wound process was evaluated based on the dynamics of cleaning the wound from dead tissues, fibrin and pus, the appearance of granulations, regression of pain and tissue swelling around the wound, the dynamics of protein concentration in the wound exudate, and the dynamics of body temperature. Results and their discussion. With active tactics, the first granulations appeared a day and a half earlier, the wound was cleaned of dead tissues, pus and fibrin. An average of 1.3 days passed between the appearance of granulations and wound cleansing in patients of the main group. Among patients in the control group, the “transitional” period lasted 1.6 days. Faster appearance of granulations and cleaning of the wound contributed to an earlier start of epithelization. Active tactics ensured a faster decrease in the concentration of protein in the exudate. At the end of the first week, the concentration of protein in the exudate in patients of the main group (28.1±1.7) g/l was significantly (p&lt;0.01) lower than in the control group (37.3±1.3). When using active tactics, normalization of body temperature occurred one day earlier (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Active tactics ensure a more favorable course of the wound process: faster cessation of destructive processes and earlier initiation of regeneration processes.

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  • Journal IconKharkiv Surgical School
  • Publication Date IconApr 20, 2025
  • Author Icon S V Sander + 2
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