Polyester Fabric Surface Research Articles

The preparation and antibacterial activity of polyester fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles

A facile procedure for binding silver nanoparticles on polyester fabrics was reported. In this paper, the multifunctional polymer films were firstly formed through simple dip-coating of polyester fabrics in an aqueous solution of dopamine. Then the silver nanoparticles were in situ generated on the surface of dopamine-modified polyester fabrics in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate under room temperature. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to characterize the structure and the content of silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial efficiencies of treated samples were quantitatively estimated. The results indicated that the dopa-polyester fabrics loaded with silver nanoparticles showed durable antibacterial activity.

Enhanced adhesion of polypyrrole/PW12O hybrid coatings on polyester fabrics

AbstractPolyester fabrics have been treated with plasma to increase polypyrrole/PW12O403‐ (hybrid material) adhesion to its surface. With the plasma treatment, the roughness of the fibers increases as it has been observed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polar functional groups are also created on the surface of polyester fabrics as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have shown. These polar groups contribute to the adhesion of polypyrrole to the fibers. Coatings obtained on plasma treated fabrics were more resistant to washing and rubbing fastness tests. The use of an inorganic counter ion (PW12O) that contains an element with a high atomic number (W) helps to locate zones where the coating is missed; this is achieved by means of micrographs obtained by backscattered electrons (BSE). The electrical resistance of the fabrics was also measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), obtaining also better results with the plasma treated fabrics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Effects of Ar Gas Pressure on Characterization of Nano-Structured Silver Films Deposited on the Surface of Polyester Fabric

The silver films of nano-structured are prepared by magnetron sputtering on the surface of polyester plain weave fabric,The effect of vacuum pressure on the morphology of the nano-structured silver films,anti-UV and the conductivity of samples deposited with silver films is investigated.Results of experiments show that the surface roughness of silver film with substrate for plain weave fabric is biggest, particle size is largest and particles formed on the surface of films is distinctest when pressure is 0.6Pa,but the conductivity of silver film is optimum when pressure is 0.3Pa; The samples deposited with silver films show better UV absorption, Ar gas pressure has no obvious influence on the samples shielding UV radiation.

Dyeing of woven polyester fabric with curcumin: effect of dye concentrations and surface pre‐activation using air atmospheric plasma and ultraviolet excimer treatment

Dyeing of polyester fabric with curcumin was studied at 90 and 130 °C without and with a prior surface activation of polyester fabric using two different ecotechnologies: air atmospheric plasma treatment and ultraviolet excimer lamp at 172 nm. Without surface activation, dyeing with curcumin followed classical disperse dye behaviour, with higher dye uptake at 130 °C than at 90 °C, and saturation was readily reached at 2% dye owf at 130 °C with a colour yield of 22. Surface‐sorbed curcumin molecules extracted with ethanol seemed to increase the colour yield values at 90 °C dyeing, while at 130 °C they decreased the colour yield values. When dyeing was carried out after a prior surface activation of the polyester fabrics, increased colour yield was observed at both dyeing temperatures for the ultraviolet excimer lamp only (with colour yield increasing from 2 to 10 at 90 °C and from 22 to 28 at 130 °C for a 2% dye owf). Indeed, both surface activation methods yielded hydrophilic species at the polyester fabric fibre surface, which were confirmed by water contact angle, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and atomic force microscopy. However, the surface of the polyester fabric activated using plasma lost all of its hydrophilic species, reaching the water contact angle of untreated polyester when subjected to the dyeing conditions. The excimer treatment yields hydrophilic species that are more resistant to high temperature and pressure dyeing.

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate and hexamethyldisiloxane on polyester fabrics under pulsed and continuous wave discharge

AbstractThe article reports plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiOxCyHz polymers on polyester fabric using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) precursors. Modulated discharge was used to study the effect of duty cycle on the hydrophobic properties of plasma treated‐polyester fabrics. Ton and Toff periods in modulated discharge were adjusted in such a way to get duty cycle values of 0.25, 0.50, 0.83, and 1.00, respectively. The hydrophobicity of the treated samples was evaluated by static contact angle measurement. Incorporation of SiO, SiCH3 groups on the surface of polyester fabric was evidenced in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. In addition, organic–inorganic character of HMDSO plasma polymer derived under modulated discharge and continuous wave discharge was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. For equal treatment durations (Ttotal), the plasma polymer deposited under pulsed discharge at lower duty cycle showed relatively higher organic content indicating comparatively greater structural retention of the original monomer in modulated discharge. However, structural analysis showed that treatment duration is more critical factor than duty cycle in determining organic character of SiOxCyHz plasma polymers. Ash content results indicated that plasma polymerization proceeds even during Toff period. Evaluation of mechanical properties of polyester fabrics showed decrease in tear strength in both TEOS and HMDSO plasma‐treated samples. The durability of plasma polymers to washing showed promising prospects of use of PECVD for functional finishing of polyester fabrics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Preparation of PANI/PET Fabric and its Antistatic Property Study

PANI/PET composite fabric was synthesized at the surface of polyester fabric by in-situ polymerization method. The optimum preparation process was determined by unvaried analyses and orthogonal experiment. Meanwhile the performance of PANI/PET composite conductive fabric was characterized. The results showed that the optimum process of PANI/PET composite conductive fabric was as follows: PANI monomer concentration was 0.1mol/L, n [(NH4)2S2O8]:n (An) was 1:1, HCl concentration was 0.5 mol/L, the reaction time was 2 h and the reaction temperature was at 20°C. Under this condition, the half-life of the PANI/PET composite fabric was 0.21 s. At the same time, the breaking tenacity of PANI/PET composite fabric was better than that of polyester fabric

Characteristics of Silver Films Deposited on the Surface of PET Fabric

PET(polyester) plain woven fabric deposited with nano-structured silver thin film was prepared by RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The effect of different sputtering technical parameters on the morphology and particle diameters of the nano-structured silver thin film was characterized by AFM(atomic force microscope)and the conductivities of silver thin films were also analyzed under different sputtering technical parameters. The results indicated that the nanoparticles size of sliver thin films increased with higher sputtering power, the conductivity of sliver thin films was first decreased and then markedly enhanced; The nanoparticles size of sliver thin films decreased with higher gas pressure, the conductivity was markedly decreased; The nanoparticles size of sliver thin films increased with longer sputtering time, the conductivity was markedly enhanced, The best conductivity was achieved at the sputtering time of 15min.

Modified Silica Sol Coatings for Highly Hydrophobic Cotton and Polyester Fabrics Using a One-Step Procedure

The applications of water-resistant and stain-resistant finishes to apparel have become widespread in recent years due to high consumer demand. In our previous research, we studied the formation of highly hydrophobic surfaces on cotton and polyester fabrics using a two-step treatment procedure, i.e., first forming silica sol by hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of tetraethoxysilane under alkaline conditions, applying the sol to the surfaces of cotton and polyester fabrics, and then applying hydrolyzed hexadecyltrimethoxysilane on the treated fabrics to impart hydrophobicity to the surfaces of the fabrics. In this research, we developed a novel one-step procedure to form highly hydrophobic surfaces on cotton and polyester fabrics using different modified silica sols. The first series of modified silica sol (“sol A”) was prepared by the reactions of a sol formed by alkaline hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and alkyltrialkoxysilanes in a NH4OH−ethanol solution. A second series (“sol B”) was prepared by the reactions of a sol formed by the same method, followed by adding (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and alkyltrialkoxysilanes to the sol. The cotton and polyester fabrics treated with the two modified silica sol systems showed excellent water repellency with the water contact angle above 150° on cotton and above 140° on polyester under the optimum treatment conditions. The treated cotton and polyester had significantly improved hydrolysis resistance and maintained high levels of hydrophobicity after 30 laundering cycles.

Semi-Encasing Sucrose Ester and Grafting Silkworm Pupae Protein on Polyester Fabric to Modify Polyester Fabric Surface

Wearability of polyester textile is very outstanding in chemical fabric；silkworm pupae protein has good biocompatibility. In order to make a new kind of polyester textile which not only has good wearability, but also has good biocompatibility, the polyester fibers were semi-encased with sucrose ester to endue polyester fibers with reacting hydroxyl groups, and then silkworm pupae protein was grafted on surface of polyester fiber textile with a crosslinkage compound in this study. The structure of polyester textile grafted with silkworm pupae protein were studied by SEM, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The polyester fibers were enclosed by layer of materials in SEM, X-ray diffraction showed silkworm pupae protein was random coil conformation, DSC exhibited the thermal property of polyester fibers almost did not change. The wearability of polyester fabric grafted silkworm pupae protein was measured too. With the increase of grafting silkworm pupae protein rate on polyester fabric, moisture permeability of polyester fabric increased firstly and decreased a little subsequently, the moister regain increased monotonously, the cockle elasticity decreased a little, the whiteness almost did not change, and flexural stiffness increased a little.

Multifunctional properties of polyester fabrics modified by corona discharge/air RF plasma and colloidal TiO2nanoparticles

AbstractIn this study the possibility of tailoring the textile nanocomposite materials based on the polyester fabric and TiO2nanoparticles that can simultaneously provide desirable level of antibacterial activity, UV protection, and self‐cleaning effects with long‐term durability was investigated. To enhance the binding efficiency of colloidal TiO2nanoparticles, the surface of polyester fabrics was activated by low‐pressure RF air plasma, and corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. Obtained functionalized textile materials provided maximum antibacterial efficiency against gram‐negative bacteriumE. coli. High values of UV protection factor (UPF) indicate the maximum UV blocking efficiency (50+) of these fabrics. The results of self‐cleaning test with blueberry juice stains and photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution confirmed excellent photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanoparticles deposited on the fiber surface. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

Ensuring a high degree of water repellency of polyester textile materials by treating them with supercritical carbon dioxide

It was shown that an ultrathin continuous fluoropolymer film that replicates the microrelief of the fibres forming the fabric is formed on the surface of polyester fabric when it is treated with a solution of a low-molecular-weight fraction of polytetrafluoroethylene in supercritical carbon dioxide. The protective coating formed is ultrahydrophobic and has extremely low water absorption. An additional increase in the degree of hydrophoby of polyester fabric can be attained by using the chemical method of preliminary modification of the fabric which gives the surface of the polyester fibres additional roughness.

Attaching Different Kinds of Proteinaceous Nanospheres to a Variety of Fabrics Using Ultrasound Radiation

AbstractThe application of a rapid, non‐destructive, cost‐effective technique such as ultrasonic emulsification for the coating of different textiles was explored. The technical benefits for this research were the generation of multifunctional materials and their combinations through environmentally friendly processing technologies. We have shown for the first time that ultrasonic waves can be used to coat proteinaceous micro‐ and nanospheres (PM) of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) protein and casein on the surface of cotton and polyester (PE) fabrics. The creation and the anchoring of the microbubbles to the fabrics were performed by a one‐step reaction, and the process is usually stopped after 3 min. The PM of bovine serum albumin (BSA) bonded to cotton and polyester fabrics has shown stability for ∼9 months. The PMs were shown to be attached more strongly to the polyester than to the cotton, and sustained stronger washing conditions on PE. The diameter of the BSA and the casein spheres on cotton was in the range of 0.8–1.0 μm, while on the PE it varied between 60 and 120 nm.

Surface pretreatment of polyester fabric for ink jet printing with radio frequency O2 plasma

Plasma treatment of textiles is becoming more and more popular as a surface modification technique. It not only changes the outermost layer of a material without interfering with the bulk properties but also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility to obtain multifunctional textiles. Inkjet printing is becoming increasingly important and popular for the printing of textiles. When polyester fabric is inkjet printed with pigment-based inks, the printed patterns have poor color yield and easily bleeding. As a result, the fabric requires pretreatment prior to the stage of ink-jet printing. In the present study the polyester fabric was printed with magenta pigment ink after radio frequency O2 plasma surface-treatment. At such condition, polyester fabric could obtain the effects of features with enhanced color yield and excellent pattern sharpness. The results showed that there were better patterns when the polyester fabric was treated for 9 min at a working pressure of 40 Pa and a working power 80 W. SEM images indicated that radio frequency oxygen plasma induced modifications to the surface of polyester fabric with more micro pits. Water absorption time measurement showed that the hydrophilicity of polyester fabric was remarkably improved after treatment. Anti-bleeding performance of the fabric was improved greatly, too. Therefore, radio frequency O2 plasma treatment with the ink-jet printing technique could improve the final printed properties of polyester fabric.

Improved Adhesion of Polyurethane Coating to Polyester Fabrics due to the Surface Fixation of Calixarenes

The adhesion of polyurethane coatings to polyester fabrics depends on the strength of interactions at the interface between these materials. To increase these interactions, macrocyclic ligands such as calixarenes, resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes have been fixed on the surface of polyester fabrics. These molecules have two well-separated regions. One possesses hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic properties. The hydrophobic part is used for the fixation of the molecules on the polyester surface. The hydroxyl groups of the hydrophilic part obviously interact with the urethane groups of the polyurethane coating. The increase in adhesion depends on the chemical nature of the macrocyclic molecule on the fiber surface.

EDA modified PET fabric treated with activated natural zeolite nanoparticles

Textile modification for achieving materials for human performance (medical, protective and sports) is one of the guidance for future textile development in Europe. The present paper shows results of the modification of polyester surface with nanoparticles of activated natural zeolite for achieving better ultraviolet protection. For this purpose the polyester fabric from poly(ethylene terphthalate) for summer clothing was modified by alkaline hydrolysis, ethylenediamine aminolysis and natural zeolite nanoparticle treatment. Alkali hydrolysis modifies the surface of polyester fabric resulting in silk-like textiles but ester-imine exchange by ethylenediamine results in surface amine functionalisation while silk-like look is maintained. Optical brightening increases fabric whiteness and ultraviolet protection, as well as aditionally showing synergistic effects with zeolite. For testing durability of the treatments fabrics were washed.

Surface characteristics and printing properties of PET fabric treated by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma

PET (Poly ethylene terephthalate) fabric was treated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as a type of low temperature plasma under atmospheric pressure for 1 to 15 min and different powers ranging between 0.3 to 5 W. Effects of DBD treatment on the surface of a test PET fabric are examined, reported and discussed. The surface analysis and characterization were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and following the DBD processing. SEM analysis shows significant surface morphology changes in plasma treated polyester fabric surface, while FTIR analysis indicates that the reactivity of the surface was increased. The discharge parameters used are correlated with the changes in the surface characteristics found after DBD processing of various durations, in atmospheric air environment.

ADBD plasma surface treatment of PES fabric sheets

Plasma treatment of textile fabrics is investigated as an alternative to the environmentally hazardous wet chemical fabric treatment and pretreatment processes. Plasma treatment usually results in modification of the uppermost atomic layers of a material surface and leaves the bulk characteristics unaffected. It may result in desirable surface modifications, e.g. surface etching, surface activation, cross-linking, chain scission and oxidation. Presented paper contains results of the applicability study of the atmospheric pressure dielectric discharge (ADBD), i.e. dielectric barrier discharge sustaining in air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature for synchronous treatment of several sheets of fabric. For tests sheets of polyester fabric were used. Effectivity of the modification process was determined with hydrophilicity measurements evaluated by means of the drop test. Hydrophilicity of individual sheets of fabric has distinctly increased after plasma treatment. Plasma induced surface changes of textiles were also proven by identification of new functional groups at the modified polyester fabric surface. Existence of new functional groups was detected by ESCA scans. For verification of surface changes we also applied high-resolution microphotography. It has shown distinct variation of the textile surface after plasma treatment. Important aspect for practical application of the plasma treatment is the modification effect time-stability, i.e. time stability of acquired surface changes of the fabric. The recovery of hydrophobicity was fastest in first days after treatment, later gradually diminished until reached almost original untreated state.

Screening of tropical fungi producing polyethylene terephthalate-hydrolyzing enzyme for fabric modification

Microfungi were selectively isolated for production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-degrading enzymes potentially to be used to modify the surface of polyester fabric. A range of fungi were isolated from plant surfaces and soil samples using a polycaprolactone (PCL) plate-clearing assay technique, and screened for cutinolytic esterase (cutinase) activity. Twenty-two of 115 isolates showed clearing indicating the production of cutinase. The ability of the fungi to produce cutinase in mineral medium (MM) using either potato suberin or PET (1 cm of untreated pre-washed PET fiber) fiber as substrates was assessed based on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB). All isolates exhibited activity towards p-NPB, isolate PBURU-B5 giving the highest activity with PET fiber as an inducer. PBURU-B5 was identified as Fusarium solani based on its conidial morphology and also nucleotide sequencing from internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA-ITS). Enzymatic modification of PET cloth material properties using crude enzyme from strain PBURU-B5 showed hydrolysis of ester bonds of the PET fiber. The modification of the PET fabric resulted in increase of water and moisture absorption, and general enhancement of hydrophilicity of the fabric, properties that could facilitate processing of fabric ranging from easier dyeing while also yielding a softer feeling fabric for the user.

Fluorocarbon nano-coating of polyester fabrics by atmospheric air plasma with aerosol

A fluorocarbon coating was deposited on polyester (PET) woven fabric using pulse discharge plasma treatment by injecting a fluoropolymer directly into the plasma dielectric barrier discharge. The objective of the treatment was to improve the hydrophobic properties as well as the repellent behaviour of the polyester fabric. Plasma treatment conditions were optimised to obtain optimal hydrophobic properties which were evaluated using water contact angle measurement as well as spray-test method at the polyester fabric surface. The study showed that adhesion of the fluoropolymer to the woven PET was greatly enhanced by the air plasma treatment. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed chemical surface modifications occurring after the plasma treatments.

Cationic pretreatment for improving image quality of inkjet printing on polyester fabrics

The cationic pretreatment with gemini surface active agent was carried on the polyester fabric in order to improve the image quality of water-based pigment inkjet printing. The influence of pretreatment conditions such as concentration of cationic reagent, pH value of pretreatment bath, temperature and pretreatment time on the printing property of ink-jet printing was discussed in detail. Compared with untreated fabric, the K/S values increase nearly 36% of treated polyester fabric. The K/S values increase evidently with increasing of the pH of cationic pretreatment bath, especially when pH reached at 11. The K/S values appear saturation value when the concentration of cationic reagent is 15g/l. The K/S values increase when the treatment temperature changes from 10°C to 30°C. However, The K/S values start to decrease when the treatment temperature continue to rise till 60°C. This may due to that temperature affect the adsorption property of cationic reagent on the surface of polyester fabric. When pretreatment carry on for 6 min, the K/S values reach balance. The video microscopy images show that the edge acuity and the brilliancy of ink-jet printing on polyester were improved largely after pretreatment with 15 g/l cationic pretreatment reagent at 30°C and pH 11 for 6 min. The Atomic force microscopy (AFM) image shows that the surface morphology of polyester fabrics had changed after cationic pretreatments.