Planar Surface Research Articles

Structural transformation behavior of oxide scale during coiling of 0.9 wt% Cr-containing high-strength steel

The phase transformation mechanism of oxide scale on the surfaces of chromium (Cr)-free carbon steel and 0.9 wt% Cr-containing steel at different coiling temperatures and cooling rates was studied using thermal simulation and electron backscattering diffraction experiments. The results showed that the eutectoid transformation of both the steel followed the “C” curve relationship. The Cr-containing steel had a larger eutectoid transformation area fraction than the Cr-free carbon steel. The nose tip temperature of the eutectoid transformation of the oxide scale on the surfaces of Cr-free carbon steel and 0.9 wt% Cr-containing steel were 420∼510 °C and 420–480 °C, respectively. For the 0.9 wt% Cr-containing steel, the proportion of Σ3 and Σ13b grain boundaries in cubic Fe3O4 increased, followed by a decrease, when the coiling temperature decreased from 610 to 410 °C. The Σ3 and Σ13b grain boundaries of the Fe3O4 low-dimensional coincident site lattice had the highest proportion for 510 °C coiling temperature. The low-dimensional coincident site lattice grain boundaries could be used to enhance crack resistance and improve the oxide scale on the steel plate surface.

Improving vertical solar still performance for efficient Desalination: Investigating the influence of Wick, condensate plate and device dimensions

Access to sustainable energy sources and clean water remain two of the most significant challenges in the modern world. Fortunately, desalination can be achieved using a variety of renewable energy sources, with solar energy being a notable option. There has been a noticeable increase in interest in the vertical solar still (VSS) as a popular desalination technique in recent years. The performance of VSS is examined in this article in relation to a several variables, including the wick, the wettability of the condensate plate surface, and device dimensions. According to the study's findings, selecting an appropriate wick is essential for ensuring optimum water distribution on the heat absorber surface, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the Vertical Solar Still (VSS). In comparison to gauze, cotton emerges as a superior wick, contributing to a noteworthy 5.1 % improvement in device performance. The performance of the VSS is significantly influenced by the contact angle of the condensate surface plate, a glass plate (contact angle of 5) yields 34 % more freshwater than a superhydrophobic plate (contact angle of 140). This study also shows that the dimensions of the vertical solar still (VSS) are significantly impactby the properties of the condensate plate and wick. Specifically, the most efficient VSS performance is attained when the dimensions are set at 32 cm × 30 cm.

Study on the 12 in. wafer uniformity of high aspect ratio TSV filling by using rotation cathode

In 2.5/3D(2.5/3-dimensional) packages, TSV (Through-Silicon Via) technology is crucial for achieving high performance and low power consumption. However, there are still challenges when it comes to uniformly filling TSVs on 300 mm whole wafers without defects. This study focuses on addressing this issue by designing a rotating cathode carrier with a 300 mm diameter, simulating the plating environment in different areas of a 300 mm wafer. The effects of plating conditions, such as cathode rotational speed and chip mounting position, on the filling of TSV are investigated. The TSV have a hole diameter of 10 μm and a depth of 100 μm.The findings reveal that when the cathode carrier rotates at a speed of 30 rpm, different areas of the analog wafer exhibit complete filling of TSV. Additionally, a surface plating layer with an average thickness of approximately 3 μm is obtained.

Study on damage behavior of the outer horizontal target in the EAST lower divertor after plasma operations

The EAST lower divertor features a partially implemented flat-type structure, and visible damage has been observed, particularly at the outer horizontal target location after plasma operations. This study conducts a detailed analysis of the damage to the outer horizontal target. The findings reveal instances of plastic deformation, cracking, and even tungsten flake detachment at specific locations on the outer horizontal target. Furthermore, different degrees of recrystallization are identified in the tungsten plates after plasma operations, with a more pronounced effect closer to the surface of the tungsten plates. These observations offer pertinent insights for ongoing research into the microstructural enhancement design of tungsten materials and the enhancement of crack thresholds at the W/Cu interface.

Aeroelastic tailoring of stiffened cantilever plate using composites and structural layouts: A parametric study

AbstractThis paper studies the aeroelasticity of a stiffened cantilever plate using composite material and novel structural layouts. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to determine the influence of different design parameters on the aeroelastic boundaries. Design parameters include plate sweep angle, ply orientation, stringer cross-section and stringer sweep angle. Nastran is used to run the aeroelastic analysis, and the process is automated using ${\rm{Matla}}{{\rm{b}}^{}}$ . The structure of the plate is modelled using laminate elements whereas the stringers are modelled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam elements. The unsteady aerodynamic loads are modelled using doublet-lattice method (DLM) and the structural and aerodynamic meshes are connected using an infinite plate surface (IPS) spline. A mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted to ensure fine meshes for the aerodynamics and structure. The study’s findings demonstrate the benefits of employing forward swept (Fw) stringers since it increases flutter speed by almost 38% compared to the unswept stringers case and prevents divergence. Moreover, the static aeroelastic analysis illustrates that the utilisation of Fw swept stringers can reduce the average tip displacement and tip twist effectively. T-shaped stringers are recommended to stiffen the plate due to their lower impact on the total mass of the plate. In some configurations, the structural layout has a much higher effect on the aeroelastic instabilities when compared to the material effect (ply orientation). However, results suggest combining both for some cases to get balanced washin and washout effects.

The Influence of Machining Conditions on the Orientation of Nanocrystallites and Anisotropy of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Graphite Foils.

The physical and mechanical properties and structural condition of flexible graphite foils produced by processing natural graphite with nitric acid, hydrolysis, thermal expansion of graphite and subsequent rolling were studied. The processes of obtaining materials and changing their characteristics has been thoroughly described and demonstrated. The structural transformations of graphite in the manufacture of foils were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A decrease in the average size of the coherent scattering regions (CSR) of nanocrystallites was revealed during the transition from natural graphite to thermally expanded graphite from 57.3 nm to 20.5 nm at a temperature of 900 °C. The rolling pressure ranged from 0.05 MPa to 72.5 MPa. The thickness of the flexible graphite foils varied from 0.11 mm to 0.75 mm, the density-from 0.70 to 1.75 g/cm3. It was shown that with an increase in density within these limits, the compressibility of the graphite foil decreased from 65% to 9%, the recoverability increased from 5% to 60%, and the resiliency decreased from 10% to 6%, which is explained by the structural features of nanocrystallites. The properties' anisotropy of graphite foils was studied. The tensile strength increased with increasing density from 3.0 MPa (ρ = 0.7 g/cm3) to 14.0 MPa (ρ = 1.75 g/cm3) both in the rolling direction L and across T. At the same time, the anisotropy of physical and mechanical properties increased with an increase in density along L and T to 12% with absolute values of 14.0 MPa against 12.5 MPa at a thickness of 200 μm. Expressed anisotropy was observed along L and T when studying the misorientation angles of nanocrystallites: at ρ = 0.7 g/cm3, it was from 13.4° to 14.4° (up to 5% at the same thickness); at ρ = 1.3 g/cm3-from 11.0° to 12.8° (up to 7%); at ρ = 1.75 g/cm3-from 10.9° to 12.4° (up to 11%). It was found that in graphite foils, there was an increase in the coherent scattering regions in nanocrystallites with an increase in density from 24.8 nm to 49.6 nm. The observed effect can be explained by the coagulation of nanocrystallites by enhancing the Van der Waals interaction between the surface planes of coaxial nanocrystallites, which is accompanied by an increase in microstrains. The results obtained can help discover the mechanism of deformation of porous graphite foils. The obtained results can help discover the deformation mechanism of porous graphite foils. We assume that this will help predict the material behavior under industrial operating conditions of products based flexible graphite foils.

Tungsten sputtering coefficients by light impurities of plasma

Calculations of the tungsten sputtering coefficients (the divertor material in the ITER tokamak) by He, Be, N, O – impurity atoms in the plasma – were carried out at collision energy of 0.010–100 keV using the Monte–Carlo method. To calculate the trajectory of the incident particle, pair potentials obtained within the framework of density functional theory were used. These potentials were corrected for the parameters of the potential well obtained from spectroscopic measurements. The target consisted of tungsten randomly oriented crystals the size of one lattice constant. Next, the trajectories of the recoil particles were calculated using many-particle potentials calculated using density functional theory. Thermal vibrations of target atoms were taken into account. The vibration amplitude was taken to be 0.05 Å, which corresponded to room temperature. The strong dependence of the results on the shape of the surface potential barrier is shown and the results are presented for two limiting cases of the surface state: a flat surface, when a planar surface potential barrier is realized, and a surface consisting of cones, when a spherical potential barrier occurs. In the experiment, the surface has some roughness, which depends on the experimental conditions. It is shown that the experimental results lie between the limiting cases we considered. Information was obtained on the average energy of sputtered atoms and angular distributions, necessary for calculating the entry of impurities into the tokamak plasma.

Lethality of Simulated UV and Solar Diffuse Radiations to Detached Urediniopores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most destructive disease on the crop. This work aimed to generate data to understand the detached uredospores survival during the winter fallow in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Experiment ‘A’—the detached urediniospores maintained and multiplied on Ativa soybean cultivar, were deposited on soybean estract-agar and kept at 25 oC temperature in closed plastic petri dishes and exposed to UV-C (100-280 nm) radiation, distant 30 cm from the plates surface for ‘ 0’; 60; 120; 180; 240; 300; 360, 420, 480 and 560 minutes. Experiment ‘B’—was similar to previous experiment but spores were exposed to UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation. In Experiment ‘C’—the urediniospores were deposited into empty plastic petri dishes without lids and exposed to direct diffuse sunlight for 0; 60; 120; 180; 240; 300; 360; 420; and 300 minutes. Solar radiation was measured with a pyranometer (Spectrum Technologies, Inc.). After the exposition time, urediniospores were plated on soybean-extract agar, incubated at 25 oC under dark for 8 h and germination assessed under an optical microscope (400‍×). Data were submitted to analyses of variance and regression. All experiments were repeated twice. The detached spores exposed to UV-C were killed with 496 minutes, and under UV-B radiation killed with 962.7 minutes and those submitted to direct diffusion solar radiation killed by 15.6 MJ m-2 dose, or 240 minutes exposition to 1,250 w/m2. It can be inferred that the incident solar diffused radiation in Mato Grosso, during the winter fallow, has the daily potential to kill the detached P. pachyrhizi urediniospores.

Synthesis of Au‐decorated WO3 nanoplates for simultaneous oxidation of RhB and reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation

AbstractTungsten oxide (WO3) nanoplates were synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation technique. These nanoplates were decorated by Au nanoparticles via photoreduction route. The obtained samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to investigate their morphological, structural and optical properties. The SEM images show the plate morphology with the size in the range of 50–150 nm, their thickness ≈10 nm; spherical‐like Au nanoparticles ≈20 nm were attached to the surface of the WO3 plates. These materials were applied for the simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under visible light. Due to the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers and the enhanced visible light absorption ability, the photocatalytic performance of Au‐decorated WO3 nanoplates was higher. The main active species responsible for the photodegradation reactions were identified by different scavengers and a photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. This work represents that WO3 nanoplates are a promising candidate for the degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the industrial wastewater under sun light exposure.

Measuring coral disease lesions: a comparison of methodologies

The presence of stressors, particularly disease, on corals necessitates assessments of their severity in order to compare threat levels and to plan for impacts. Diseases in particular are often measured via the rate at which a lesion moves across a coral (lesion progression rate) to determine the impact of those lesions and also to compare virulence across species, regions, and disease types. Lesion progression can even be used as a field indicator for disease identification. Many different methodologies have been used to measure lesion progression rates. These may be field-based or photographic measurements, and they include linear progression rates as well as areal progression rates. All methods have pros and cons, including varying levels of accuracy and repeatability, variability with respect to colony and lesion sizes, and time and computational requirements. Additionally, not all metrics can be directly compared, and so experiments done with the intent to compare with previous work must consider methodologies used in former studies. Areal progression rates have high variability, but can provide impressive information on overall tissue loss. Overall, linear lesion progression rates provide more accurate and less variable assessments of loss, and are better used for comparisons. Using the average of multiple linear measurements may further increase precision. Measuring from photographs rather than direct field measurements provides a more permanent and repeatable record, but outside of directly planar surfaces is likely to yield inaccuracies. The emerging use of 3-D photogrammetry can overcome many of these limitations, but the methods require considerable time and computational power. The pros and cons of each methodology should be assessed during experimental design to best answer the hypotheses in question as well as consider whether comparisons to other studies are valid.

Optical force propelled by metamaterial surface waves excitation: pushing and tractor beam sources

Theoretical research on opto–mechanical interactions at sub–wavelength levels using surface waves (SWs) excitation has a great impact in both the academic knowledge and practical realm. In this letter we have revealed that the dynamic characteristics of the SWs excited along a metamaterial boundary, such as its forward or backward propagation nature, provide a direct demonstration about the direction of action of the optical force exerted on a dielectric nano–particle. In particular, by using a rigorous electromagnetic formalism based in the second Green identity, we have modeled the scattering problem of a Gaussian beam impinging on a metamaterial plane surface with a sub–wavelength localized defect. We have shown that depending on the nature of the excited SW, dielectric nano–particles placed near the surface can be pushed away or towards the localized defect. We believe that this work unveils the potential implementation of sub–wavelength defects as sources of pushing or pulling optical forces.

Non-intrusive temperature measurements for transient freezing in laminar internal flow using laser induced fluorescence

This work presents two color LIF temperature measurements for the transient freezing in a square channel under laminar flow conditions. This is the first time non-intrusive temperature measurements were performed within the thermal boundary layer during the transient growth of an ice layer in internal flow. A combination of a local outlier factor algorithm and a smoothing operation was used to remove the top to bottom striations and reduce the other measurement noise. The temperature uncertainty in our measurements was between σ=0.3∘C and σ=0.5∘C. For the largest temperature difference between the bulk and the melting point of 14.6 °C, good results were obtained. As such, the current campaign demonstrates the potential of LIF as a non-intrusive temperature measurement technique for solid–liquid phase change experiments. However, some artefacts were present within the vicinity of the ice-layer due to the scattering of the laser light, especially near the inlet of the channel where the ice-layer is curved instead of flat. LIF measurements taken within a short time span prior to the onset of ice freezing showed approximately 2 °C of subcooling, consistent with previous findings. In addition, an anomalous behavior within the thermal boundary layer was observed, with a much smaller temperature gradient within the first few mm above the cold plate and a point of inflection in the temperature profile. The anomalous temperature behavior is possibly attributed to enhanced natural convection as a result of the subcooling at the cold plate surface.

Nonlinear postbuckling and snap-through instability of movable simply supported BDFG porous plates rested on elastic foundations

This study presents, for the first time, a novel mathematical model that can address the nonlinear buckling, postbuckling, and snap-through of bidirectional functionally graded porous simply supported plates rested on elastic foundation and subjected to uniaxial/biaxial compressive loads. The parabolic shear deformation plate theory and the von Kármán strain nonlinearity are employed to derive governing equilibrium equations relative to neutral surface plane. The governing equations that consist of four nonlinear-coupled variable-coefficients partial differential equations are discretized by using the differential/integral quadrature method. The solution methodology depends on whether the discretized nonlinear algebraic system is homogeneous (with zero force vector) or nonhomogeneous. A homogeneous system can be formulated and solved as a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Pseudo-arc-length continuation is implemented with a proposed iterative method to predict the load-deflection paths whether the system is homogeneous or not. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the type of porosity and position of in-plane loading have significant effects on the pitchfork-bifurcation or snap-through instability response of the bidirectional functionally graded porous plate. Parametric studies are presented to illustrate the impact of gradation indices, geometrical properties, porosity, and foundation constants on the postbuckling responses of bidirectional functionally graded porous plates. The proposed model may be used in designing nuclear, marine, aerospace, and civil structures with bi-directional functionally graded material constituents.

Numerical analysis of a mixed-dimensional poromechanical model with frictionless contact at matrix–fracture interfaces

We present a complete numerical analysis for a general discretization of a coupled flow–mechanics model in fractured porous media, considering single-phase flows and including frictionless contact at matrix–fracture interfaces, as well as nonlinear poromechanical coupling. Fractures are described as planar surfaces, yielding the so-called mixed- or hybrid-dimensional models. Small displacements and a linear elastic behavior are considered for the matrix. The model accounts for discontinuous fluid pressures at matrix–fracture interfaces in order to cover a wide range of normal fracture conductivities. The numerical analysis is carried out in the Gradient Discretization framework (see J. Droniou, R. Eymard, T. Gallouët, C. Guichard, and R. Herbin [The gradient discretisation method, Springer, Cham, 2018]), encompassing a large family of conforming and nonconforming discretizations. The convergence result also yields, as a by-product, the existence of a weak solution to the continuous model. A numerical experiment in 2D is presented to support the obtained result, employing a Hybrid Finite Volume scheme for the flow and second-order finite elements ( P 2 \mathbb {P}_2 ) for the mechanical displacement coupled with face-wise constant ( P 0 \mathbb P_0 ) Lagrange multipliers on fractures, representing normal stresses, to discretize the contact conditions.

A conical shaped self-healing slippery film for enhanced fog harvesting in windy environment

Wind presents both advantages and disadvantages for water collection. It can bring an abundant fog resource to arid areas for water harvesting, however, some of the captured water droplets are inevitably blown away in a windy environment because of the easy-sliding property of the material surface. Herein, a conical-shaped, self-healing, liquid-infused film with tunable cone angles based on candle soot, thermoplastic poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), and hydrophobic silicone oil has been developed using a simple template method and traditional Chinese origami. Benefiting from the inward force induced by the conical structure, the condensed droplets prefer to gather toward the top of the conical structure in windy environments rather than splashing out, which usually occurs on a plane surface. This advantage can greatly ensure the high water collection efficiency of materials in windy regions. In addition, owing to the unique photothermal property and thermoplasticity of the designed conical structure, surface scratches during application can be quickly repaired under solar illumination without extra fossil energy consumption, and long-term stable application of the materials can be guaranteed. Therefore, this study finely synergized structure design and performance enhancement and established a new paradigm for effective and reliable fog harvesting applications.

ANTICORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF SULFONATE ADDITIVES

The article is devoted to the study of the anticorrosive properties of sulfonate additives mixed with HC4
 hydrocracking base oil. The results of a study of the anticorrosive effectiveness of sulfonate additives NSSK-30, S-150,
 SSK-400 are presented. The patterns of changes in the protective properties of synthetic sulfonate additives depending
 on the value of their alkaline number have been revealed. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness
 of using sulfonate additives in a mixture with HC4 base oil as inhibitory compounds to protect steel from corrosion
 under the action of an electrolyte, in a climatic chamber and a salt mist chamber was carried out. It has been shown
 that the effectiveness of the protective action of inhibitory compounds increases with a decrease in the alkaline number
 of the sulfonate additive. The nature of the change in the surface of steel plates in the process of their corrosion
 destruction, accompanied by the formation of pitting, is revealed.

Abstract PR-008: Follicular fluid aids in cell adhesion, spreading and shows an age-dependent effect on DNA damage in fallopian tube epithelial cells

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer related death in women with a low 5-year survival rate. Ovarian cancer is rarely detected early, and likely arises from the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). There is a correlation between ovarian cancer and ovulation whereby ovulation suppression through use of oral contraception or pregnancy reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. Despite the association of ovarian cancer with ovulation, due to the lack of early detection methods, the disease typically presents as late stage, metastatic cancer in post-menopausal women who are no longer ovulating. The goal of this study was to understand how ovulation and the process of aging interact to provide a permissive environment for ovarian cancer initiation and progression in the FTE. The process of ovulation releases follicular fluid and induces the DNA damage response pathway in the FTE, but the role of aging on FTE exposure to follicular fluid has not been tested. De-identified follicular fluid samples were collected from 14 women (7 reproductively young (29-35 years) and 7 reproductively aged (40-44 years)) undergoing ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) through the Northwestern University Reproductive Tissue Library (NU-RTL). We found that follicular fluid caused DNA damage and lipid oxidation in an age-dependent manner and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in FTE cells. Interestingly, follicular fluid disrupted FTE spheroid formation and instead stimulated attachment and growth on ultra-low attachment plates. Follicular fluid when coated on the surface of the ultra-low plates enhanced FTE cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation. Proteomics analysis of the follicular fluid identified vitronectin, a glycoprotein as the factor responsible for FTE cell attachment and spreading. Overall, this study demonstrated that aging contributed to lipid oxidation and DNA damage of FTE cells and identified vitronectin in the follicular fluid as a protein factor that facilitates FTE cells to detach from 3D spheroids and spread on low attachment surfaces. Citation Format: Amrita Salvi, Wenping Li, Stephanie M. Cologna, Mary Ellen Pavone, Francesca E. Duncan, Joanna E. Burdette. Follicular fluid aids in cell adhesion, spreading and shows an age-dependent effect on DNA damage in fallopian tube epithelial cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR-008.

Gaussian to flat-top beam shaping in an off-axis reflective scenario by a millimeter-wave metasurface.

In this paper, we present a metallic reflectarray for shaping the emitted Gaussian beam of a 100GHz horn antenna in reflective and off-axis mode. The proposed reflectarray is a compact planar surface consisting of a 2D array of unit cells with a thin Rogers 5880 substrate. This reflectarray offers advantages over other beam shapers in millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging, as it generates a flat-top beam in off-axis reflective mode and is straightforward to fabricate. To conduct a feasibility study, we first introduce the 1D reflectarray. The phase profile of the 1D reflectarray is a linear combination of a beam shaping phase profile based on geometrical optics (GO) and a compensating phase profile. The design of the 1D reflectarray involves tailoring the dimensions of the unit cells in one direction. We calculate the scattered field from the 1D reflectarray using the finite element method (FEM) and then determine the generated beam using the Fresnel diffraction integral. Subsequently, we design the 2D reflectarray following the same approach by using a 2D version of the proposed phase profile. The full-wave simulation is employed to calculate the generated beam at a certain distance from the reflectarray. The results reveal the successful generation of a high-quality flat-top beam, showcasing the proposed reflectarray as an evolutionary solution among beam shapers.

Tritium storage and release mechanism in nuclear graphite using first-principles combined thermal desorption theory

Nuclear graphite (NG) is widely applied in nuclear facilities, and its strong interaction with tritium is an essential factor for tritium transport behavior in various reactors and the treatment of radioactive NG waste. Given that NG is a polycrystalline and porous material, interactions between tritium and NG exist in various microstructures, including graphite edges, graphene basal planes, and amorphous structures. In this study, density functional theory which is integrated in Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) was combined with thermal desorption theory to elucidate the underlying mechanism of hydrogen isotope storage corresponding to the experimentally observed desorption peaks in NG. The four desorption temperature peaks, ranging from low to high, were mainly attributed to hydrogen isotope desorption from the graphite basal plane surface, amorphous carbon surface, unsaturated armchair and zigzag edges, respectively. The interaction between hydrogen isotopes and carbon nanostructures provides deeper insights into the understanding of tritium enrichment on the NG surface, which is primarily attributed to the adsorption of tritium on graphite basal plane-like surfaces at relatively low temperatures. This study provides a practical method to bridge the gap between the atomic binding structure and desorption temperature peaks from a kinetic perspective, providing insights into temperature-dependent hydrogen desorption in typical carbon structures and deepening our understanding of tritium transport behaviors in advanced nuclear energy systems.

Dual defect detection and generation system in planar surface

The main problem of applying neural networks in the task of defect detection is that there is a limitation in the size of the set of annotated defect images compared to the set of defect-free images. This imbalance in the dataset poses a challenge for the model to effectively learn and generalize patterns associated with defects. The scarcity of annotated defect samples hinders the model's ability to capture the diverse characteristics of anomalies, making it prone to misdetection and reduced performance on real-world data. To solve this problem, the authors have proposed a neural network architecture based on two neural networks U-Net++ and PatchCore trained in the student-teacher paradigm. In this paradigm, the student model undergoes initial training exclusively on defect-free images. Consequently, disparities emerge in the learned features between the student and teacher models, facilitating the computation of an anomaly metric and streamlining the anomaly localization process. The aim of the research is to improve the efficiency of defect detection by creating methods and algorithms, and dataset augmentation systems, as an option to solve the problem of defect-free images. The overarching goal of this research is to enhance the efficacy of defect detection through the development of methodologies, algorithms, and dataset augmentation systems. This serves as a strategic approach to address the inherent challenge posed by the scarcity of annotated defect images in comparison to their defect-free counterparts. By creating methods and augmenting datasets, we aim to mitigate the limitations imposed by the uneven distribution of defect and defect-free samples, ultimately advancing the robustness and performance of defect detection models. A dual system of defect detection based on the U-Net++ pre-trained network and feature estimation of individual fragments based on the PatchCore network is presented. The research incorporates computational experiments designed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison to existing counterparts. An in-depth efficiency analysis has been conducted, focusing on dataset enrichment using the generative-adversarial network ResStyleGAN. This examination aims to provide empirical evidence of the method's performance and its potential advantages over established approaches in the context of defect detection. The method developed, centered around the dual system PatchNet++ and preliminary generation of new defects using ResStyleGAN, is positioned for practical application in real production scenarios. Subsequent stages involve a detailed analysis to evaluate its performance and suitability in real-world settings.