Amorphous CoO-SnO2 Nanocubes with dual sites enable efficient Electrocatalytic Ammonia synthesis via pathway switching.

Assessing sustainability of titanium powder recycling in additive manufacturing via powder surface and microstructural analysis for porous implant coatings

Two dicyanamido- and azido-bridged Cu(II) coordination polymers with N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-L-alaninato as chiral ligand: Synthesis, structures, luminescence properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis

Ultrasound-assisted preparation of nanoemulsions co-stabilized by immature nectarine polysaccharide and soy protein isolate.

Biocorrosion studies on borated and non-borated 304L stainless steel using Bacillus subtilis SNF-1, a bacterial isolate from SNF pool.

Synthesis, optical and photovoltaic properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of hybrid organic-inorganic 2C6CoCl4

Parent-college students phubbing congruence and academic burnout: Exploring the moderating role of rest intolerance.

Two chiral coordination compounds based on valine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and fluorescent chiral recognition properties

Synergistic recognition SERS sensor of MgO-protected AgNPs functionalized with tryptophan and β-cyclodextrin for trace monosultap analysis.

A critical review on advanced surface analysis techniques used for studying the adsorption mechanisms of organic corrosion inhibitors

Magnetic properties driving nitrogen removal improvement in magnetite-enhanced activated sludge: Mechanistic insights and process validation.

ABSTRACT To explore the relationship and its mechanisms between empathy and burnout among preschool teachers, data from 1577 preschool teachers were analyzed using a multiverse-style analysis approach to test the robustness of the relationship between empathy and burnout. Based on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) theory and the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study employs Response Surface Analysis (RSA) to examine the relationship between empathy and occupational burnout, while exploring the mediating roles of three emotional labor strategies (surface acting, deep acting and natural acting) and the moderating effect of mindfulness. The translation strictly adheres to the original Chinese meaning, conforms to academic writing norms, and follows English idiomatic expressions in a single coherent paragraph. The results of the multiverse-style analysis indicate that the relationship between empathy and burnout is robust. RSA analysis shows that this relationship is curvilinear, where empathy positively affects burnout in the initial stages but negatively in the later stages. Surface acting and natural acting have mediating effects, whereas deep acting does not. Mindfulness moderates the relationship between empathy and both deep acting and natural acting, but not surface acting.

ABSTRACT Given the high rate of e-shopping cart abandonment in the fast-growing e-commerce marketplace, easy-to-use systems are essential for e-shoppers to complete their e-payments with confidence. To bridge the gap between the competence-frustration interaction effect and e-payment completion, we apply the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience-Technology Acceptance Model (METUX-TAM) to explore e-shoppers’ journeys across the interface–task–behavior spheres. Using data collected from Gabonese consumers, we analyze the model using a polynomial approach with response surface analysis. Our findings emphasize that optimizing both psychological and technological ease significantly lowers cart abandonment and improves e-shopping completion, indicating the U-shaped CSSC–CFSC misfit effect on desired e-payment behavior. Moreover, e-tail marketers should note that perceived usefulness and ease of use are essential for enhancing desired e-payment behaviors.

Abstract Graphene has attracted increasing attention due to its unique properties and widespread applications in various sectors, including its use as a nanofiller in polymer matrices. However, its poor dispersion within the matrix compromises the desired nanocomposite properties, making chemical functionalization a viable strategy to enhance its applicability. This study evaluates the dispersion of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized with different organosilanes in an epoxy matrix. Initially, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and triethoxymethylsilane (MTES), followed by thermal reduction to obtain the corresponding functionalized rGO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dispersion stability in solvent, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm functionalization and assess its efficiency. The results demonstrated successful covalent functionalization with all silanes, ensuring the permanence of their molecules on the rGO basal plane. Subsequently, nanocomposites were prepared with 0.5 wt.% of each functionalized rGO to evaluate their dispersion within the polymer matrix. SEM analysis of fracture surfaces revealed that nanocomposites containing functionalized rGO exhibited improved distribution, dispersion, and interfacial bonding compared to those with non-functionalized rGO. Among the tested organosilanes, rGO functionalized with APTES presented the most satisfactory results. Graphical abstract

The reaction of 1,1-bis-(carboxymethylthio)-1-phenylethane with piperidine was conducted in an acetone solution at a molar ratio of the initial components of 1:2. As a result, a new compound was obtained: piperidinium-1,1-bis-(carboxymethylthio)-1-phenylethane, characterized by FT-IR. The crystal structure of the synthesized compound is structurally elucidated via single crystal XRD technique, indicating that a H-atom is transferred from half of the piperidinium-1,1-bis-(carboxymethylthio)-1-phenylethane part to the piperidine ring and the structure is a salt in nature. N–H ⋯ O and C–H ⋯ O bondings contribute to the stability and enforcement of crystal packing; further assessment is supported via Hirshfeld surface analysis, considering interatomic contacts. We employed density functional theory (DFT)-based computations along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in a systematic manner, aiming for the investigation of the stabilizing interactions and electronic characteristics of the molecular ionic compound. The structural framework is notably stabilized by dual N–H···O hydrogen bonding, originating from piperidine rings positioned on either side of the central fragment. Electronic structure analysis revealed intermolecular charge transfer characteristics through HOMO–LUMO orbital distributions, complemented by TD-DFT studies of excited state behavior. Furthermore, ab initio MD simulations at 300 K conclusively demonstrated the ionic compound's robust kinetic and dynamic stability.

The wear performance of 55SiMoVA bearing steel under extreme service conditions in oil and gas screw drilling tools is critical to the reliability and operational lifetime of thrust ball bearings. In service, these bearings experience severe friction between the balls and raceways, leading to accelerated wear and even catastrophic failure. Conventional surface modification techniques, such as carburizing, nitriding, shot peening, or surface coatings, provide limited improvements in surface properties and often fail to sustain high-load, high-temperature, and complex lubrication environments. Laser shock peening (LSP) has emerged as an effective surface engineering technique capable of inducing deep compressive residual stresses and forming a hardened surface layer, thereby enhancing both mechanical and tribological performance. In this study, 55SiMoVA steel specimens were treated using LSP with systematically varied process parameters, including impact energies of 4 J, 5 J, and 6 J, and impact numbers of one and two. The effects of these parameters on surface microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated through surface roughness measurement, microhardness profiling, and X-ray diffraction-based residual stress analysis. To assess tribological behavior, reciprocating linear ball-on-block wear tests were conducted under lubrication with oil-based drilling fluid, simulating realistic service conditions. The results demonstrate that LSP markedly alters the surface and near-surface characteristics of 55SiMoVA steel. The maximum microhardness increase reached 17%, compressive residual stress exceeded 823 MPa, and the hardened layer extended to a depth of 1.3 mm, with a gradual stress gradient from surface to substrate. Single-impact treatments showed limited improvements in friction stability, whereas double-impact treatments significantly stabilized the coefficient of friction and enhanced wear resistance. Among all parameter combinations, the 5 J × 2-impact treatment exhibited the most favorable performance, reducing wear volume by approximately 15% compared to untreated specimens. Microscopic analysis of worn surfaces revealed that untreated samples displayed severe plowing and material spalling, while optimally treated samples exhibited relatively uniform and shallow wear tracks, indicating improved surface integrity. Overall, the study confirms that appropriate selection of LSP parameters can effectively enhance the surface hardness, residual compressive stress, and hardened layer depth of 55SiMoVA bearing steel, thereby significantly improving its wear resistance under lubricated conditions. These findings not only provide a practical surface engineering strategy for extending the operational lifetime of thrust ball bearings in screw drilling tools subjected to extreme and complex conditions, but also contribute to a broader understanding of LSP-induced surface modifications for high-strength alloy steels. The insights gained from this work offer valuable guidance for optimizing LSP processing parameters to achieve superior tribological performance and mechanical reliability in demanding industrial applications.

Talc, as a common gangue mineral, is frequently found in many nonferrous metal ores (such as galena, molybdenite, etc.). Due to its natural hydrophobicity and layered structure properties that are similar to those of nonferrous metal sulfide minerals, efficient flotation separation is often difficult to achieve. To address this challenge, this study introduces for the first time the use of reduced glutathione (GSH) for the flotation separation of galena and talc. Microflotation tests demonstrate that at natural pH (≈6.7), GSH selectively acts on and depresses galena, gradually reducing its floatability, while only weakly influencing the floatability of talc. This results in a significant difference in floatability between the two minerals. Subsequent surface characterization and analyses further corroborate the microflotation findings. Contact angle measurements show that GSH reduces the contact angle of galena surfaces, enhancing their hydrophilicity, whereas the contact angle of talc remains largely unchanged, retaining its strong hydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) observations reveals that GSH treatment leads to the formation of dense, white, spot-like structures on the galena surface, while no noticeable changes are detected on the talc surface. Combined analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that GSH undergoes specific chemical adsorption on the galena surface. The -SH, -COOH, and C-N/N-H bonds in the molecule coordinate with Pb2+ ions on the galena surface, forming stable surface complexes that significantly enhance the mineral's hydrophilicity. In contrast, no discernible changes in characteristic peaks or chemical states were detected for talc, indicating minimal interaction with GSH. This selective difference in surface behavior toward the two minerals is pivotal for achieving efficient flotation separation of galena and talc.

Self-heating deicing pavement has demonstrated superior electrothermal properties and sustainability, which could reduce the frequency of traffic accidents caused by snow and ice accumulation. Nonetheless, differential thermal expansion between steel reinforcements and the pavement concrete occurs during the electric heating period. In this paper, the electric-thermal-mechanical numerical coupled model of pavement with embedded steel reinforcement network is established. Twenty-seven working conditions considering variations in copper mesh embedment depth, heating layer thickness, and heating voltage, are designed and applied to the calibrated numerical model. To ensure the deicing functionality and structural strength of reinforced concrete pavement, a response surface analysis was performed based on the simulation results to establish the relationship between each factor and the corresponding response values. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization model was developed. The results show that a reinforced concrete pavement with an embedded depth of 6 cm, a heating layer thickness of 10.54 cm, and a heating voltage of 24 V can reach 0 °C after 5.3 hours of heating and rise to 17.96 °C after 24 hours. The optimal combination of above design parameters could guarantee the self-heating pavement not affected by snow, ice. It provides important parameter references and technical support for the design of electrically heated snow-melting pavement systems.

Objective Few studies have examined whether changes in emotion regulation strategies—cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES)—serve as change mechanisms across different psychological treatments. Therefore, we tested whether increases in CR and decreases in ES predict subsequent reductions in client distress and whether these processes are specific to Cognitive Behavioral treatments or represent non-specific mechanisms of change. Method Participants were 1,116 adult outpatients (76.8% female; M = 34.2, SD = 10.8) treated by 947 licensed psychotherapists in the Italian PsyCARE study. Clients completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 at baseline, session 12, and 6-month follow-up. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis examined whether changes in CR and ES predicted later changes in distress, adjusting for therapist clustering. Results Increases in CR and decreases in ES significantly predicted subsequent reductions in client distress. Response surface analysis showed that clients who increased CR and decreased ES by an equal amount exhibited the greatest decreases in distress. These effects were not moderated by treatment type, suggesting that CR and ES are non-specific mechanisms of change. Conclusion The findings suggest that improving CR while reducing ES predicts improved outcomes across treatment approach, supporting emotional regulation as a general transdiagnostic mechanism of change.

One of the major bottlenecks in submersible pump manufacturing is the manual welding of rotor copper bars, which leads to inconsistent weld quality, reduced production throughput, and potential health and safety risks for operators. Currently, conventional carbon arc welding is widely used for this operation because of its simplicity and low operating cost; however, it provides limited arc stability, generates excessive heat input, and results in significant variability in joint integrity. This study examines the feasibility of employing a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process as a more precise and reliable alternative for rotor copper bar welding. A six-axis robotic TIG welding platform was utilized to conduct systematic experimental trials aimed at identifying and optimizing the critical process parameters that influence weld quality. Optimization was performed using response surface methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to establish statistically significant relationships among the process variables. Test samples fabricated under optimized conditions were evaluated through mechanical testing, macro- microstructural characterization, and electrical conductivity measurements to validate weld integrity and process repeatability. The findings demonstrate that robotic TIG welding provides superior arc control, improved joint performance, and enhanced consistency compared to the conventional process. These outcomes establish the foundation for developing a low-cost, application-specific special-purpose welding system tailored for rotor copper bar fabrication. Overall, this study not only confirms the technical viability of robotic TIG welding for copper but also contributes to improved productivity, stronger quality assurance, and enhanced operator safety in rotor manufacturing.