Suppression Of Crime Research Articles

Participation of Minors in Operational Search Relations

Statistics on juvenile delinquency indicate that over the past decade, the level of serious and especially serious crimes committed by these individuals has remained relatively stable. In such a situation, the important tasks of law enforcement agencies are the timely detection and suppression of crimes committed by minors and their removal from the criminal environment through individual prevention. Effective solution of these tasks is impossible without the implementation of operational investigative activities. In this regard, a study was carried out regarding participation of minors in operational search relations in two main roles: as persons providing assistance to subjects of operational search activities and as objects of operational search activities. Within the framework of the first direction, legislative regulation of the conditions for the provision of assistance to minors is proposed: written consent of legal representatives and minors themselves, if they have not reached the age of 16; ensuring the safety of minors by employees of the operational unit; the introduction of additional safeguards for the assistance of minors. Within the framework of the second direction, proposals have been prepared concerning the conditions for conducting operational investigative measures against persons under the age of criminal responsibility. The issue of the need to involve legal representatives and teachers in conducting a public survey of minors was also raised for academic and practical discussion.

Public Control as a Tool for Combating Crime

The article is devoted to the analysis of the place and role of the institution of public control in the system of tools to combat crime. This institution of civil society is analyzed as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation, protection and defense of the system of constitutional principles in Russia, as well as the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of numerous public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations. The authors substantiate the importance of the institution of public control in the Russian Federation as a tool for the prevention and suppression of crimes. At the same time, the role of this institution of civil society is particularly highlighted as a tool in the fight against corruption and other crimes committed by officials of public authorities, state and municipal organizations, and other bodies and organizations that exercise certain public powers on the basis of federal laws. The article formalizes and explores the main problems that impede the use of the institution of public control in the fight against crime in the Russian Federation, in particular due to: the lack of mention of this institution of civil society in the Basic Law of Russia; imperfect legislation on public control; weak powers of its subjects; removing from the scope of the Federal Law of dated of 21.06.2014 № 212-FL “On the Fundamentals of Public Control in the Russian Federation” the activities, acts and decisions of the majority of Russian law enforcement agencies, as well as types of public relations where there is a high crime rate; weak funding from the budgets of all levels of activities of subjects of public control; weak use of positive foreign experience of civil society institutions in the fight against crime; insufficient use of modern information and communication technologies. The authors have developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by: incorporating public control into the Constitution of Russia; developing a system of federal laws devoted to the organization and implementation of public control in relation to the activities, acts and decisions of the country's law enforcement agencies; expanding the powers of subjects of public control; active use of foreign positive experience of civil society participation in the fight against crime; development of a system of federal programs for organizational, legal, financial, technical support for the institution of public control in Russia.

MEXICO’S DEMOCRACY UNDER THREAT? EFFECTS OF FEAR AND CORRUPTION IN MEXICO: UPDATED

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to expose public attitudes in Mexico towards the perceived success or failure of democracy in the country, and possible support for authoritarian alternatives that might be perceived as more successful in delivering justice and security. Theoretical Framework: Mexico’s new democracy has stalled due to severe and persistent corruption scandals and an overwhelming security and justice crisis, heightened by an explosion of violence associated with narcotics trafficking organized crime. The situation is serious enough to question the survival of democracy in Mexico. Design/Approach: This paper presents and analyzes data from the Americas Barometers of 2006 - 2019 that cover the main period of extreme insecurity in Mexico. Findings: The article confirms that Mexicans are disappointed with the way democracy works in Mexico. Their frustration is driven by several factors: perceptions of political corruption, concerns for the country’s safety and security, and their economic situation. The most salient concerns have to do with corrupt politicians and security. A substantial proportion of the Mexican public is considering trading democracy for security. Research, Practical, & Social Implications: Further study should examine if there is support for extra-legal suppression of crime, if support has increased perhaps out of frustration, and the complex relationship Mexicans have with the widespread perception that both the political system and the justice system is irrevocably corrupt. Originality/Value: The issue of the survival of nascent democracy is of great interest in comparative politics and Latin American studies. The broader question is how to help youg democracies mature into healthy democracies.

METHODOLOGY OF FORENSIC PREVENTION OF CRIMES AGAINST THE FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Abstract. In the provisions of the scientific article, the authors conduct a scientific study and formulate scientific theoretical provisions in the field of forensic science on the concept of the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security, its sources, techniques, special methods, forms and purposes of application of the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security. On this basis, the authors propose to fix in the theoretical provisions of the science of forensics such a definition as the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security, to form the subject matter of the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security, to determine in what aspects the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security is considered, its theoretical and practical significance, types, forms, levels, subjects and objects of the methodology of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security and to characterise the features of forensic prevention of crimes against the foundations of national security. The authors define that the subject of forensic prevention of crimes in general and against national security in particular is scientific provisions and practical recommendations on technical and forensic means, techniques and methods of detecting, recording and investigating criminogenic circumstances, tactical methods and means of their most effective detection and elimination, as well as prevention and suppression of crimes and forensic methods or systems of techniques for detecting and eliminating the causes and conditions of crime, as well as suppression and prevention of crime. As a conclusion, the authors propose to adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Criminal Offences”, which would contain general directions, forms, methods of preventive activities in relation to criminal offences, define the range of participants in these activities, their legal status, scope of activity, and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of work. This law will become a procedurally enshrined “tools” for the prevention of crimes in general and crimes against the foundations of national security in particular.

Civil status of celebrations in honour of the icon of Our Lady of Saint Theodore in the 19th–20th centuries in Kostroma

The article deals with the aspect of veneration of the icon of Our Lady of Saint Theodore that did not attract the attention of researchers before – the establishment in the mid-19th century and at the early 20th century of non-attendant days (days off) in the city of Kostroma during the celebrations in honour of the Feodorovskaya Icon on March 14 and August 16 (according to the old style). Such a civil status of a church celebration was not unique to the Russian Empire of that time, but this happened only in a few regions, the list of which was published as a separate article until 1863 in the Charter on the Prevention and Suppression of Crimes, which was part of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire (after 1863, the said list was replaced by a general indication of such celebrations). Fragments of firstly introduced into scientific discourse documents, related to the establishment of non-attendant days in Kostroma on March 14 (1852–1853) and August 16 (1899–1901) were published. It was noted that the relevant decisions were made at the highest level of state power of the Empire; however, in both cases, at the request of Kostroma residents – the proposal to establish a day off on March 14 was set forth by the performing position of Kostroma governor in the letter to the Minister of Internal Affairs, and Kostroma City Duma proposed to establish a day off in Kostroma on August 16.

The Content and Interrelations of the Concepts of Crime Prevention (Prophylaxis and Prevention) by an Investigator

At the present stage of the development of science, there is no consensus on the relationship between the concepts of “prevention/prophylaxis” and “prevention”/preduprezhdenie (Russian) of crimes, even despite a large number of studies on certain aspects of preventive activities of the investigator. At present, there are three main approaches to the correlation of the terms under consideration: prophylaxis and prevention as identical notions, preventive/prophylactic activity has a function of prevention, and vice versa, preventive activity acts as a generic concept for the function of prophylaxis. Crime prevention in terms of informing, warning, includes prophylaxis, prevention and suppression of crime. All these elements are the stages. And prophylaxis is the first stage of preventive activity, as it affects the causes and conditions of illegal, criminally punishable human behavior. Prophylaxis is aimed at eliminating an intent to commit a socially dangerous act by eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to this. Prevention is aimed at inducing a person who has the intent to commit a crime to refrain from the illegal type of behavior planned by him. The suppression of a crime is aimed at stopping the implementation of a criminal plan, that is, the criminal activity that has already taken place, as well as at minimizing the criminal result. At the same time, all these elements of preventive activity take place at different points in time. However, prophylaxis can be carried out both during the investigation of a specific crime or out of it through the investigator’s talks to employees, schoolchildren, students, through studies containing information about criminal cases. The lack of a unified approach to the ratio of prophylactic and preventive activities is also due to the lack of codification of these notions. Despite the fact that the legislator focuses on the prophylaxis and prevention of specific types of crimes such as terrorism, extremism in certain regulatory legal acts, there is still no clear distinction between them.

Kriminalistički profajleri - živi detektori laži

For a long time, people have demonstrated a natural tendency to analyze and assess fellow humans as well as animals, objects, and similar entities, even in everyday scenarios. However, it is a little bit strange that criminal profiling became integrated into standard investigative practices within law enforcement not before the 1980s. Criminal profilers primarily fulfill their role by working on the resolution of intricate crimes where the identity of the perpetrator is unknown. On the other hand, they also have a suppressive impact, and to a lesser degree, a preventive influence, which is enhanced by considering the risk factors associated with the emergence of criminal behavior, as well as the study of criminal phenomenology. The techniques employed in criminal profiling aid in the timely identification of symptoms that indicate a combination of biological, social, and environmental factors, including learning and situational elements. As we navigate through the factors contributing to the development of criminal behavior, as well as the suppression and prevention of crime through the efforts of criminal profilers, we reach the significance of their role in detecting deception and the essentiality of human presence and intervention in diverse formal conversations, encompassing law enforcement, social work, and education. The aim of this paper is to systematically shed light on the factors contributing to the development of criminal behavior, to investigate the phenomenology of crime and to highlight the role of criminal profilers in the prevention and suppression of crime, as well as to analyze their role in the process of lie detection, while giving recommendations for the incorporation of profiling techniques into the body of knowledge and skills of teachers, pedagogues, psychologists, social workers, and others. The methods used in this study include a quantitative and qualitative analysis, using primary and secondary sources, as well as a comparative analysis.

Legal Regulation of the Prosecutor’s Supervision over the Investigation of Crimes Related to Illicit Drug Trafficking in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan

This article examines the features of the implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the investigation of crimes related to drug trafficking in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The role of law enforcement agencies in the detection and suppression of crimes related to drug trafficking is reflected. An analysis of the legal acts that guide the state bodies of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan, including the prosecutor’s offices of both states in the fight against drug trafficking, is given. The author also analyzed the reasons for the development of crime and the growth of crimes in this area. It is concluded that this criminal act creates a potential threat to the life and health of a citizen and a person, violates public order, the security of the state, the development of the economic potential of the state, etc. It is also noted that ensuring the rule of law in the investigation of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan is the main purpose of the prosecutor’s supervision in this direction.

CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STATE RESPONSE TO CRIME (STANDARDS AND PRACTICE)

In the paper are explained the basic specifics of the criminal law reaction to crime, both from the point of view of analysing the dominant characteristics of the prevailing normative environment of control and suppression of crime, and considering the practice of procedural bodies within the sources of law created normative environment. The criminal law reaction is analysed in the context of considering the essential connection between criminal substantive law, is criminal law "statics" and criminal procedural law, as a kind of criminal law "dynamics", pointing to the dominant protective function, both criminal substantive law and functional and criminal procedural law, with the basic normative support contained in the relevant constitutional norms. Special attention is focused on the analysis of certain key provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, both in the de lege lata sense and in the de lege ferenda sense. The author notes that the current Code of Criminal Procedure is full of legal-technical and other mistakes, some of which are conceptual in nature, and whose correction would create conditions for more adequate and successful operation of judicial practice and the practice of bodies and officials of criminal procedure. The practice of criminal procedure bodies is specially analysed in the article, not only from the point of view of application of appropriate sources of law by the court and other procedural subjects, but also in the context of pointing out relevant and close connection between criminal procedural law and criminalistics. That criminalistics practice is of great importance for the application of law, and above all, criminal procedural law. The importance of effective criminal activity in the context of acting in accordance with the formal requirements arising from criminal procedure norms, is especially illustrated and explained by a review of the concept and basic structure of criminalistics, as well as its history. That is necessarily related to general social history, relevant social epochs, as well as with the history of criminal procedural law, especially in the sphere of basic evidentiary rules from which necessarily arises the dominant character of criminal procedure.

Организационные основы оперативно-розыскного предупреждения преступлений, совершаемых в сфере нелегального оборота наркотических средств и психотропных веществ

High level of drug criminality has a negative impact on economic and social stability, harms the national security of the state. Only operational and investigative activities, which have a complex structure of interconnected organizational and tactical elements, ensure in the face of the opposition from the criminal environment timely detection, prevention, suppression and disclosure of latent and camouflaged crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances. The issues of organizing the activities of officers of operational units for the prevention and suppression of these crimes are the least regulated in departmental regulations. With the adoption of Federal Law, No. 182-FZ dated 23.06.2016 «About the basis of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation» it is required to specify the tasks of operational search prevention and suppression of crimes under consideration. Taking into account the special nature of operational search information about persons involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotic substances, methods for identifying this information, in order to solve specified tasks, it is necessary to form an appropriate management system for the activities of officers of the operational units. Structurally, the management system provides for a set of mandatory elements and functional relationships that ensure a sufficient level of a separate unit efficiency. Priority tasks for the prevention of crimes committed in the field of illegal trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances are highlighted in the article on the basis of the theoretical and legal analysis of the modern organization of the operational units’ activities of territorial bodies.

Law enforcement and implementation of harmonization of law enforcement norms related to drug smuggling

The article examines the problem of the development of Russian law in the framework of the implementation of the criminal procedure norms related to drug smuggling. It is proposed to consider the prevention and effectiveness of offenses related to drug smuggling through the harmonization of national legislation. Special attention is paid to the interaction of international and domestic norms of procedural law. Special attention is paid to a comprehensive analysis of the construction of a system for the implementation of the norms of law, on which the effective achievement of goals in the suppression of crime in the sphere of drug trafficking depends. Based on the study of the material, it has been found that the mechanism for the implementation of the norms of the criminal procedure is not quite simple: on the one hand, the appeal to foreign legal norms is regarded as an unproductive scientific discourse, on the other hand, theories are modeled on the damage to one's own legal system because of unjustified borrowings from other legal systems. The results and conclusions can be used in the practical activities of customs, law enforcement agencies.

Systems of social networks of delinquent young people

Social networks are considered an ontological attribute of the existence of a modern person. The modern ideas describe an important role of the system of social networks in socialization and adaptation of a person, motivation to the social activity, assistance and support in difficult life situations. The studies of criminals’ social networks show their significance in motivation to crime, formation of criminal ideology. Besides, it is proved that the quality of social networks impacts the prevention and suppression of crimes among teenagers and young people. However, the attitudes of young people towards the social environment and their relationship to it are still not properly studied. Understanding it will allow explaining the impact of the social environment on the criminalization and social rehabilitation of young people. Objective of the research: to study the parameters of social networks of delinquent young people including the comparison with the similar parameters of law-abiding young people. Methods. The data collection method is a questionnaire that describes the parameters of social networks, i.e. volume, stability, homogeneity, subordination, and referentiality. The method of results processing is descriptive statistics and also a non-parametric analogue of the one-way ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis test). The research sample was made up of 220 people of 18-27 years old, 73.5% of respondents were men; among the participants in the research, 115 people have been convicted of committing a crime, 105 people are law-abiding and do not have any criminal record. Results and novelty: New data were obtained about the specific character of social networks of delinquent young people with regard to the small volume of relations, homogeneity of participants, low refenetiality of the social environment; the perspectives of the study of the social networks in the conditions of the social regulation of interaction were determined taking into account the sex and social and cultural specific character.

La utilidad de una concepción de seguridad nacional moderna y dinámica, en la lucha contra el crimen organizado en América Latina

En el actual panorama de seguridad latinoamericano adquiere particular relevancia la criminalidad organizada, con un nítido correlato de violencia. Para enfrentar con eficacia esta situación, las naciones de la región han realizado importantes esfuerzos, que hasta hoy no ha arrojado los resultados esperados, de acuerdo a la propia Organización de Estados Americanos.El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en plantear la utilidad que puede reportar un moderno enfoque de seguridad nacional, amplio y abarcativo, para realizar un abordaje integral al flagelo de la criminalidad en la región. Ese enfoque debe trascender las perspectivas tradicionales de seguridad pública, que enfatizan en la prevención y represión del delito, para incluir además lecturas multicausales más amplias, propias de la seguridad ciudadana. El punto de vista de la seguridad ciudadana permite detectar tres factores de clara incidencia directa en la difusión y profundización de la criminalidad organizada en América Latina: la corrupción, la impunidad y la fragilidad estatal con insuficiente gobernabilidad.Nuestro análisis sostiene que en América Latina es posible adoptar una concepción de seguridad nacional moderna y dinámica, lejos de la controvertida Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional de la Guerra Fría. Esa concepción debe reconocer la heterogeneidad de amenazas y riesgos contemporáneos, y que combine seguridad pública y seguridad ciudadana en la lucha contra el crimen organizado. Argentina, Guatemala y México son ejemplos de la adopción de modernos enfoques de este tipo, perfectamente compatibles con la vigencia del sistema democrático y el respeto a los derechos humanos.El artículo se estructura en una introducción, un desarrollo dividido en tres partes, y unas breves conclusiones. En el desarrollo, primero se revisarán algunas cuestiones atinentes a la criminalidad latinoamericana, identificando tres elementos que inciden en su crecimiento y expansión, y que son abordables desde una perspectiva de seguridad ciudadana. Luego se describirán los límites y contenidos del moderno concepto seguridad nacional, señalando que sus alcances pueden incluir el combate al crimen organizado. En tercer lugar, identificaremos y describiremos someramente tres casos de aplicación en América Latina de una concepción moderna de seguridad nacional que incluyen, dentro de sus áreas de incumbencia, a la criminalidad organizada.

PREVENTION OF OFFENCES: HISTORICAL ESSAY

Introduction. It is an axiom that crime prevention should be the main focus of the fight against crime. Its ideological basis was laid by the ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Platon and Aristotle, who persistently asserted the idea of justice as the fundamental philosophical basis of a reasonable – “good” – state. Purpose. The goal is to analyze the development of the doctrine of crime prevention in the historical context and its practical implementation. Methodology. The authors used a comparative historical method, that allows you to identify the stages and patterns in the development of the theory of crime prevention, as well as in the policy of crime prevention. Results. The foundations of the theory of crime prevention were formed by ancient Greek and Roman thinkers, whose creations were characterized by clarity of thought and the desire to learn the ontological foundations of the state and law. A notable contribution to the development of this theory was made by utopian socialists, classics of the Enlightenment and their followers. It was then that the main idea of prevention was formulated, that it is better to prevent crime than to punish, and that a good legislator will try not so much to punish as to improve morals. The most active theory of crime prevention developed in the USSR. In practical terms, the idea of crime prevention was first embodied in Ancient Rome – in the Laws of the XII century, which become public and thus acquire a preventive value. However, in a full-fledged embodiment, the foundations of criminological legislation are most clearly formed in Imperial Russia. A unique normative legal act in this regard should be recognized as the “Code on the prevention and suppression of crimes”, adopted in 1832, which contains a number of provisions that have a modern preventive sound. The apogee of preventive activities should be recognized as the experience of the internal Affairs bodies of the USSR in the 1960s-1970s. High efficiency of such activities was provided by a strong social policy, full support from the authorities at all levels, qualified implementation of criminological research, active participation of the population in crime prevention. In relation to crimes, the state and citizens have formed a solid position – we must fight crime together and this is our common task. Conclusion. In the modern truncated-recreated form, crime prevention imitates activities in this direction rather than being able to actually be the main direction of the fight against crime. This is due to at least three significant circumstances: 1) the loss of the importance of social policy as the basis for General crime prevention; 2) a catastrophic stratified gap in the population's income, which undermines the credibility of the government, its declarations and appeals; 3) changing the nature, properties and parameters of crime, which requires a conceptually new preventive response to it.

Suppression of Crimes Against the Security of Fixed Platforms Located in the Waters of the Russian Federation (International Law Basis)

The Russian state exercises sovereignty over its waters and has exclusive criminal jurisdiction with respect to crimes infringing on the security of oil, research or other stationary platforms in these waters, although their status may differ, for example, Lake Baikal; part of a continental water body (the Caspian Sea); marine internal waters (the Peter the Great Gulf); the territorial sea of the Russian Federation. Despite certain differences in status, all these waters are united by being part of the Russian territory. They differ from the waters that are not part of the territory of the state, but are above the continental shelf of the Russian Federation; these are the waters of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, and the open sea waters start beyond the 200-mile distance from the baseline. Even in the latter case, since a platform is stationary on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, it is within the exclusive criminal jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. Counteraction to crimes infringing of the security of platforms fixed to the seabed includes a wide range of legal and organizational-legal measures. Besides, an important part is played by the special norms of international and national laws, including the criminal legislation of the state that has jurisdiction over the water body where a fixed platform is located. This article presents suggestions on improving Russian criminal legislation taking into account Russia's participation in the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf of 1988, other applicable norms of international law, the necessity to observe international law obligations and protect the national interests of the country. The authors suggest that unlawful acts of seizing a fixed platform or other violent actions infringing on the security of this object, the security of personnel operating it, aimed at forcing a state or an organization which is legally operating this object to perform or abstain form certain actions, and resulting in the intimidation of the population should be specifically included in the national criminal law as a separate type of terrorism crimes. The authors also recommend to add the norms on criminal liability for other unlawful, criminally punishable acts (which are not acts of terrorism and do not have the features of terrorism), including the attempts of illegal entry into a fixed platform or hindering its operation, to Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Crimes against Public Safety» as a separate Article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation among the norms regarding crimes that violate the security of the functioning of potentially dangerous objects (potentially dangerous operations). They recommend to use the most successful international legal experience to improve corporate acts within the framework of Russian legislation through the content specification of the scope and type of rights and obligations of business entities, including the relationships of the fixed platforms personnel with the law enforcement bodies with the purpose of a more effective inclusion of business entities in the system of measures of preventing and suppressing illegal interference in the functioning of fixed platforms in the Russian waters.

Проблемы формирования некоторых форм взаимодействия органов госбезопасности и внутренних дел при подавлении преступности в РСФСР в начале 1920-х годов

Проблемы формирования некоторых форм взаимодействия органов госбезопасности и внутренних дел при подавлении преступности в РСФСР в начале 1920-х годов

Administration in the Russian Federation (philosophical and legal basis)

In article justification of need of modernization of legal doctrine proposed new legal Institute of state administration.Under such the author proposes to understand the activities of state administration for the implementation of the tasks and functions of the state: 1) to service and meet the interests of the individual and of civil society institutions; 2) implementation of management functions of state administration, 3) the protection of public order, the suppression of crimes and administrative offenses, as well as the safety of the individual, civil society and the state.

Rad policije zasnovan na primeni policijsko-obaveštajnog modela u razvijenim zemljama sa posebnim osvrtom na policiju Republike Srbije

The work of the police based on the application of the Policing in the Serbian police is based on the pooling of all available resources, capacities and potentials with the aim of achieving more efficient, effective and economical suppression of crime, especially its organized and serious forms, as well as the suppression of the most serious types of threats to the public security. The development of the Policing as a modern proactive mode began in the United Kingdom in the 1990s under the name National - Intelligence Model and after a decade it was implemented in police organizations in other developed countries (USA, Germany, Sweden, Canada, Australia, etc.) under the name of Intelligence-Led The legal framework for policing based on this model in the Republic of Serbia was established only in 2016, with the organizational structure of the police not completely changed, which requires the implementation of organizational changes in the organizational structure of the police, necessary for its adaptation to the default requirements of police work based on a consistent application of the Policing concept. The paper presents the results of the research, which aimed to find the answer to the question: Are any organizational changes in the organizational structure of the police in the Republic of Serbia necessary for the effective and efficient implementation of Policing in its work?. The results of this research, which are presented in this paper, confirm the view that the proper adjustment of the organizational structure of the police in the Republic of Serbia is a necessary precondition for effective and efficient implementation of Policing. This adaptation basically implies the establishment of a new centralized organizational unit of the Police Directorate for criminal and intelligence activities at the strategic and operational levels and its functional connection with other organizational units of the Police Directorate.

Rezultati i problemi policije opšte nadležnosti u suzbijanju kriminala

Police duties related to the suppression of crime make an essential content of the work of the Ministry of the Interior (MoI), and the results achieved in this area represent one of the most important indicators of MoI's efficiency. The fight against crime involves all organizational units of the Ministry, each of them performing tasks under their authorities. The purview of the different police organizational units is different, so their contribution to the fight against crime is also different. General police and crime investigation police (detectives) take measures and actions aimed at combating crime on a daily basis. Other organizational units of the police do this in certain cases, performing primary tasks under their specialisation (e.g., traffic police, border police, etc.). General police is the most numerous composition of the MoI, and through the patrol work they cover the whole state territory. This paper deals with the contribution of the general police in combating crime and points to some problems and possibilities of improving the current state.

Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance in the Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity

Working on crimes against humanity, the International Law Commission (ILC) has modelled its draft articles on extradition and mutual assistance on corresponding provisions of the United Nations Conventions against Corruption and Transnational Organized Crime. Nevertheless, some provisions are clearly adapted to the special nature of crimes against humanity. This article seeks to explore how the ILC has navigated between producing a flexible and general framework and adapting the system more specifically to the specificities of crimes against humanity. The ILC has been censured for easily transposing already existing regimes that were not designed for such specific contexts. On closer scrutiny, that criticism is not entirely justified. A comparison with the parallel provisions in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) reveals that the ILC’s provisions do not deviate much from the system as adopted by the ICC. This similarity may be indicative of the soundness of the ILC’s approach in construing a framework that may contribute to the improvement of interstate cooperation in the suppression of crimes against humanity.