Mechanical Support Research Articles

First results of the "Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite" pediatric impella cohort.

Mechanical support options for children and small adolescents in low cardiac output syndrome or cardiogenic shock are often still limited to va-ECLS and subsequent left or biventricular assist device implantation. We aim to transfer mechanical support options with microaxial flow pump devices from the adult to the paediatric population and therefore aim to identify patient selection criteria and evaluate possible support duration and bridging modalities in a paediatric Impella registry. This is a single center retrospective observational study including every patient <18 years presenting in cardiogenic shock and treated with an Impella device only from 2022-2024. The study cohort included 6 patients with a median age of 12 (3-17 years), median weight of 35.6 kg (12-115kg) and a median BSA of 1.2 m2 (0.57-2.4 m2). Intermacs levels were 2 (4 patients) and 3 (2 patients). Heart failure etiologies were dilative cardiomyopathy (3 patients), myocarditis (1 patient), acute rejection after cardiac transplantation (1 patient) and low cardiac output syndrome after complex endocarditis surgery (1 patient). The implanted devices were an Impella 2.5 (1), Impella CP (2) and Impella 5.5 (3). Median support duration was 7 days (4-45d). 2 patients could be bridged to recovery. 3 patients were bridged to an LVAD and 1 patient was bridged to cardiac transplantation. We observed no mortality and no neurological complications. LV unloading in cardiogenic shock in children and adolescents using an Impella is feasible and safe. In older patients allowing for implantation of larger devices, a longer support duration is possible.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Use Does Not Increase the Risk for Acute Pancreatitis and Is Associated with Lower Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Develop Acute Pancreatitis: A Multi-Center Analysis.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Use Does Not Increase the Risk for Acute Pancreatitis and Is Associated with Lower Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Develop Acute Pancreatitis: A Multi-Center Analysis.

Decoding collagen’s thermally induced unfolding and refolding pathways

Collagen has been evolutionarily selected as the preferred building block of extracellular structures. Despite inherent thermodynamic instability of individual proteins at body temperature, collagen manages to assemble into higher-order structures that provide mechanical support to tissues. Sequence features that enhance collagen stability have been deduced primarily from studies of collagen-mimetic peptides, as collagen's large size has precluded high-resolution studies of its structure. Thus, methods are needed to analyze the structure and mechanics of full-length collagen proteins. In this study, we used AFM imaging to investigate the thermal response of collagen type IV, a key component of basement membranes. We observed a time-dependent loss of folded structures upon exposure to body temperature, with structural destabilization along the collagenous domain reflected by shorter contour lengths (seen also for collagens type I and III). We characterized the sequence-dependent bending stiffness profile of collagen IV as a function of temperature and identified a putative initiation site for thermally induced unfolding. Interchain disulfide bonds in collagen IV were shown to enhance thermal stability and serve as primary nucleation sites for in vitro refolding. In contrast to the canonical C-to-N-terminal folding direction, we found an interchain cystine knot to enable folding in the opposite direction. A multiple sequence alignment revealed that this cystine knot is evolutionarily conserved across metazoan phyla, highlighting its significance in the stabilization of early collagen IV structures. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the unfolding and refolding pathways of collagen IV, and how its heterogeneous sequence influences stability and mechanics.

The Moderating Effects of Operations and Supply Chain Issues on Digital Readiness, Value Creation, and Firm Satisfaction

Research on the effects of digital transformation in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) is growing, yet remains underdeveloped, particularly in the context of emerging economies. While previous studies highlight the performance benefits of digital readiness, they often overlook how sector-specific challenges influence these outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between digital readiness and firm performance among MSEs in Bhutan, with a focus on the moderating roles of internal (operational) and external (supply chain) issues. Drawing on data from 217 survey responses collected from firm owners and operators, this study compares tourism and non-tourism sectors to reveal sectoral asymmetries in digital transformation outcomes. The results show that digital readiness is positively associated with firm performance across both sectors. However, the strength of this relationship is differentially moderated by contextual challenges: external issues negatively moderate the digital readiness–performance link in the tourism sector, while internal issues play a similar moderating role in the non-tourism sector. Additionally, firms in the tourism sector report higher levels of both digital performance and satisfaction with digitalization than their non-tourism counterparts. These findings contribute to the Diffusion of Innovation Theory by emphasizing the contingent and asymmetric nature of digital adoption effects across industry sectors. This study offers practical implications for managers and policymakers by underscoring the need for sector-sensitive digital strategies and support mechanisms.

Security elites in the classroom: intersections between andragogical principles and the learning preferences of global security leaders

Education is broadly acknowledged to be crucial for confronting and mitigating emergent global crises. Government-run strategic-level security and defence courses (SSDCs) are a key mechanism for achieving this, as they provide strategic thinking skills to hand-picked cohorts of security elites. However, scholarly research on SSDCs is both scarce and heavily skewed towards staff perspectives. This article mitigates and redresses deficiencies in scholarly and practitioner literature on the professional education of security elites. It achieves this by contrasting perspectives from existing literature with perspectives of students themselves, gained from an online survey of 753 alumni across thirty-four SSDCs, which asked: ‘What do you believe are the three most important requirements for a successful teaching and learning environment at the “senior defence college” level?’ It provides an empirical validation of the degree to which conclusions within practitioner-led SSDC scholarship and wider andragogical scholarship align with the educational preferences of security elites. The findings highlight the potential importance of high-quality human resources, contingent constructivist pedagogies, relevant content, a learning environment that encourages freedom of expression and diversity of perspective, suitable academic resources and support mechanisms, and appropriate motivational incentives.

Modulating the Curvature of Protein Self-Assembled Spiral Nanotubules.

Structural transformations from ribbons to twisted ribbons to helical ribbons are often observed across supramolecular assemblies and macroscopic structures and can be described under a consistent theoretical framework. Conical molecular self-assembled structures, however, are rarely observed, may require more than one subunit, their dimensions are hard to control, and are poorly understood. Cytoskeleton microtubule (MT) is a dynamic protein-polymer that self-assembles from αβ-tubulin heterodimer, providing mechanical support to Eukaryotic cells. Colchicine is a drug known to bind the exchangeable nucleotide site on the β-tubulin subunit and suppress MT assembly. The tetravalent polyamine spermine promotes MT assembly and tubulin spiral structures, including conical tubulin spirals, tubules of conical spirals, and inverted helical tubules. Here we show how colchicine as a single agent suppressed MT and tubulin single ring assembly already at substoichiometric concentrations, whereas in the presence of spermine, the tubulin-colchicine stoichiometry controlled the dimensions and curvature of tubulin spiral assemblies. At a fixed spermine concentration, the concentration of colchicine modulated the radii of the nanotubular structures. The radii of the inverted helical nanotubules and conical spiral nanotubules monotonically decreased with colchicine concentration. We attribute our observation to the increased curvature of the tubulin dimer subunit induced by colchicine.

Problems and prospects of optimization of tariff policy and subsidy system in the context of social stability

The article discusses the key problems and prospects for optimizing tariff policy and the system of subsidies in the housing and communal sector of Ukraine. The study focuses on assessing the impact of tariff policy on the financial burden of households, the effectiveness of subsidy programs, and the prospects for introducing digital platforms for administering social support. The author emphasizes the relevance of the issue in the context of economic challenges, in particular, the growth of tariffs for housing and communal services and insufficient targeting of subsidies. The need to improve social support mechanisms, ensure transparency in tariff setting, and stimulate energy efficiency is identified. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the current state of tariff policy and its impact on social stability. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is applied to study the effectiveness of subsidy programs and mechanisms for their targeted provision. The importance of digitalization of management processes in the housing and communal services sector, in particular, the introduction of the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere, is emphasized. The article outlines promising areas for the development of tariff policy, including the integration of market-based pricing mechanisms, tariff liberalization and the creation of a competitive environment. The materials can be useful for scientists, experts in the field of housing and communal services, government agencies, as well as international organizations dealing with energy efficiency and social policy. Prospects for further research include the development of tariff regulation models focused on social justice and economic efficiency.

Withdrawal of Reports by Survivors of Sexual Violence Case Study: in The Central Kalimantan Polda

Sexual violence remains a pressing concern in Indonesia, with thousands of cases reported annually, yet only a fraction proceed to trial due to the withdrawal of reports by victims. This study investigates the factors that influence survivors of sexual violence to withdraw their legal complaints, and the subsequent impact on the legal process, particularly within the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police. Employing an empirical juridical research method, this study collects data through in-depth interviews with survivors, police officers, and representatives from victim support institutions. The findings reveal that social stigma, fear of retaliation, distrust in the legal system, and insufficient legal or psychological support often lead victims to abandon legal proceedings. Despite the legal framework provided by Law No. 12 of 2022 on Criminal Sexual Violence, procedural barriers such as evidentiary requirements and inconsistent application of victim protection laws persist. The research underscores the need for a stronger integration of legal support mechanisms, survivor-focused policies, and community education to ensure justice. These findings contribute to understanding the real-world limitations of the TPKS Law's implementation and call for systemic reforms to support victims more effectively.

Assessing the Effects of Government Financial Assistance, Profit Reinvestment, and Credit Risk Management on Long-Term Survival of MSMEs

This study investigates the impact of government financial assistance, profit reinvestment, and credit risk management on the long-term survival of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Given the significant role MSMEs play in economic development, understanding the key determinants of their sustainability is critical. Using data collected from MSME owners and managers through structured questionnaires, the research employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS to test the proposed relationships. The findings reveal that all three factors—government financial assistance, profit reinvestment, and credit risk management—positively and significantly influence the long-term survival of MSMEs. Among them, profit reinvestment had the strongest effect, indicating the strategic importance of internal financial planning for sustained growth. The study contributes to the literature by integrating external and internal financial practices as joint predictors of MSME survival and offers practical implications for policymakers and business practitioners. Recommendations include promoting integrated financial support mechanisms and capacity-building programs to improve risk management and reinvestment practices among MSMEs.

Learning through Playing: Improving Phonemic Awareness in Kindergarten Learners of Eugenio Llido Rañada Elementary School

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Play-Based Approach in enhancing the phonemic awareness skills of kindergarten learners at Eugenio Llido Rañada Elementary School, with a particular focus on letter recognition and letter sounding. Using a pre-test and post-test design, the research employed a test questionnaire to assess learners' phonemic skills before and after the intervention. The subjects were kindergarten learners identified as requiring immediate remediation due to significant gaps in phonemic awareness. Statistical analysis of pre-test results revealed deficiencies in both letter recognition and letter sounding, underscoring the urgent need for interventions. Following the implementation of the Play-Based Approach, post-test findings demonstrated notable improvements in letter recognition, as most learners advanced to higher skill levels. However, progress in letter sounding was minimal, indicating that challenges in this area persisted despite the intervention. In response to these findings, a supplementary reading program was developed to address learners' specific difficulties with letter sounding. This program integrates additional strategies and focused activities aimed at strengthening phonemic awareness skills. Overall, the results affirm that the Play-Based Approach is effective in improving letter recognition but highlight the need for complementary interventions to achieve more comprehensive improvements, particularly in letter sounding. The study recommends the continued implementation of the Play-Based Approach in early childhood education while incorporating targeted support mechanisms to address persistent areas of difficulty. It further emphasizes the importance of early literacy interventions that are engaging, developmentally appropriate, and adaptable to learners' evolving needs. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of play-based learning on literacy development and investigate effective strategies for integrating such approaches into standard curricula across diverse educational settings.

Students' Experiences and Strategies for Reducing Speaking Anxiety to Enhance Oral Communication Skills

This research examined the levels of speaking anxiety and explored students' experiences and strategies for reducing or coping with anxiety's negative effects to enhance their oral communication skills. The participants were 36 Grade 11 HUMSS students from Lipay National High School, Poblacion South, Sta. Cruz, Zambales. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through a survey and unstructured writing. The results revealed that the majority of participants experienced moderate levels of anxiety. The speaking anxiety expressed by the participants included physical manifestations, fears of judgment, concerns about language fluency, performance anxiety, and the fear of forgetting or experiencing a mental block. Additionally, various strategies employed by students to cope with or reduce their speaking anxiety were identified, including emotional regulation, understanding and application, knowledge expansion, social engagement, confidence building, and practical techniques. The findings emphasize the need for holistic support mechanisms addressing both the emotional and practical aspects of oral communication anxiety. Effective language learning involves a combination of cognitive, emotional, and social strategies. Tailored interventions that focus on building confidence, providing language support, and fostering a supportive environment can significantly contribute to alleviating anxiety in language learning contexts.

Macular retinal function after autologous retinal transplantation in patients with refractory macular holes.

To evaluate subjective and objective macular retinal function and morphology in eyes after autologous retinal transplantation (ART). We conducted the study in three patients with large macular holes (MHs) who underwent ART. The examination modalities included optical coherence tomography (OCT), microperimetry (MP-3), and focal macular electroretinography (FMERG) with 10-degree and 5-degree stimulus spots under infrared camera monitoring centered on the treated MHs after ART. All three patients showed improved visual acuity after the ART; MP-3 showed relatively good sensitivity around the fixation point with a dense scotoma at the center of the graft. All MHs were closed with autologous grafts and the size of MHs was decreased. OCT revealed clearly visible ellipsoid zones of the host retina around the grafted retina, however one transplanted eye showed disorganized outer layer of the host retina near the border of graft-host retina. FMERGs with the 10-degree stimulus were recorded successfully in all three treated eyes with more than half of a- and b-wave amplitudes of the fellow eyes. FMERGs with the 5-degree stimulus were recorded successfully in two of the treated and their fellow eyes. The FMERGs showed well-maintained macular retinal function after ART. The electrophysiologic and anatomic outcomes suggested that the host retina around the transplanted retina may play an important role in the postoperative macular retinal function with the mechanical support by the graft.

Effect of COVID-19 on Primary Healthcare Nurses' Job Satisfaction and Their Turnover Intention in Singapore

Background: Globally, COVID-19 has added pressure to the healthcare workforce, particularly nurses, who face an exacerbated shortage. Few studies have investigated job satisfaction and turnover intention among primary healthcare nurses in the long-drawn pandemic situation. Hence, this study aims to examine job satisfaction and retention among primary healthcare nurses. Aims: To assess the level of job satisfaction and identify factors that affect job satisfaction and turnover intentions among primary healthcare nurses. This will serve to inform organisations on ways to improve processes and support mechanisms that promote job satisfaction and retention for primary healthcare nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted that involved 132 primary care nurses from seven healthcare centres in Western Singapore. Level of job satisfaction and turnover intentions was assessed using a 39-item questionnaire. Relationships between job satisfaction and turnover intentions were analysed using Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: Among the five job satisfaction subscales, personal satisfaction had the highest score (M=3.73, SD=0.47), while satisfaction with workload had the lowest score (M=3.24, SD= 0.69). The overall job satisfaction mean score of 3.47 (SD=0.49), is considered within the moderate range and is similar-to other studies conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Albeit the challenging period, more than half of the nurses reported their intention to stay in a primary healthcare setting. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the multifaceted nature of nurses’ job satisfaction and its intricate interplay with various factors, including personal accomplishment, workload, professional support, pay and prospects, training and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study provide insight for organisations to look at targeted factors to improve the rate of retention for primary care nurses.

Bridging Knowledge Gaps in Out-of-Field Teaching: A Qualitative Exploration of Teacher Challenges, Instructional Strategies, and Institutional Support

This qualitative study investigates the complex experiences and challenges faced by teachers assigned to teach subjects beyond their formal qualifications, commonly known as out-of-field teaching. Employing a qualitative research design, the researchers conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 40 public school educators tasked with teaching outside their specialized fields. The rich qualitative data gathered from these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, facilitating the identification of recurring patterns and insightful themes that illustrate the nuanced realities of out-of-field teaching. The findings highlight several critical challenges, including substantial knowledge gaps, increased workloads, diminished teacher confidence, and significant difficulties in maintaining student engagement. Despite these obstacles, teachers actively employed adaptive instructional strategies, such as collaborative practices with colleagues, differentiated instruction, interactive and student-centered teaching methods, and extensive self-directed learning to address their limitations. Additionally, participants identified targeted professional development, structured mentorship programs, adequate resource allocation, workload adjustments, and policy reforms aligning teacher assignments with their expertise as essential forms of institutional support required to enhance their effectiveness and job satisfaction. By comprehensively exploring these adaptive responses and support mechanisms, this study contributes valuable insights and actionable recommendations for educational policymakers, school leaders, and practitioners worldwide seeking solutions to improve both teacher performance and student learning outcomes.

Multi-Physics Coupling Dynamics Simulation of Thermally Induced Vibration of Magnetically Suspended Rotor in Small and Micro Nuclear Reactors

The power conversion system of a small micro-reactor has strict requirements on the compactness of the rotating mechanical support. Although the active magnetic bearing is an ideal choice, the thermally induced vibration caused by it may destroy the stability of the system. As such, this study proposes a multi-physics coupling simulation framework, which integrates electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical multi-physics coupling mechanisms and quantifies the stability of the system under thermal-induced vibration in the frequency domain. Firstly, the equivalent magnetic circuit and electromagnetic finite element modeling and calculation of the compressor rotor are carried out. In the case of the maximum AC current of 10 A, the equivalent stiffness of the magnetic pole is 4.21 × 108 N/m and 2.1 × 108 N/m, and the eddy current loss of the rotor is 4.17496 W. Based on the eddy current loss, a magneto-thermal coupling model is established to reveal the temperature gradient distribution and the thermal sensitivity coefficient of the journal is 0.006. Subsequently, the thermal stress and equivalent stiffness are coupled to the rotor dynamics equation, and the maximum amplitude of the rotor is obtained at a value of 0.001 mm. Finally, the critical stability threshold of the system is determined by a Nyquist diagram, and the results show that the system is stable as a whole. In this paper, the quantitative analysis of the cross-scale coupling mechanism of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical multi-physical fields is realized, which provides a systematic analysis method for the thermally induced vibration of magnetically suspended rotors and has important engineering significance for high power density rotating mechanical systems in small micro-reactors.

Investigation on dynamic characteristics of the planetary gearbox with tooth root crack fault under variable speed conditions

Abstract As a crucial component of the wind turbines, the planetary gearbox has a high transmission ratio and precise transmission. However, its long-term operation is likely to cause gear failure under variable speed conditions (VSCs). This paper is devoted to model the dynamic response and investigate its failure mechanism under VSCs. The gear rotation angle is used instead of time to represent the meshing period, and the Fourier series is used to precisely fit the time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) under VSCs. The dynamic model for analysis under VSCs is established and the vibration response is obtained by solving the dynamic model. The cracking failure mechanism of gears under VSCs is researched by spectrum analysis. Considering the influence of VSC on the dynamic characteristics of the transmission system, the order envelope method is used to analyze the characteristics of the vibration response. Finally, the reasonableness of the variable working condition model is verified by bench test and it provides mechanism support for the research of fault diagnosis method under VSCs.

STATE REGULATION AS A TOOL FOR MINIMIZING INVESTMENT RISKS IN UKRAINE'S RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

The article aims to comprehensively analyze the crucial role of state regulation and policy in mitigating investment risks within Ukraine's renewable energy sources (RES) sector. The topicality is underscored by Ukraine's strategic goals of achieving energy independence, fulfilling its commitments under the European Green Deal and EU integration path, and the urgent need for massive investment to reconstruct its energy infrastructure, heavily damaged by the full-scale Russian invasion, ensuring a transition towards a greener and more resilient system. Attracting the necessary private capital amidst heightened geopolitical tensions and specific war-related threats presents a significant challenge, making the effectiveness of state de-risking policies critically important. The research methodology involves a systematic analysis of Ukrainian energy legislation, regulations, and strategic policy documents pertinent to the RES sector. It includes a critical evaluation of the historical evolution and practical implementation of support mechanisms, such as the feed-in tariff system and renewable energy auctions, analyzing their impact on market development and investor confidence. A qualitative assessment identifies and categorizes the diverse spectrum of investment risks – regulatory, market, financial, infrastructural, and particularly, war-related risks dominating the current landscape. The study synthesizes information to evaluate the coherence and effectiveness of state interventions in addressing these risks, especially in the context of the ongoing war and post-war recovery planning. The obtained results indicate that while Ukraine possesses significant RES potential, attracting sufficient investment has been hampered by persistent regulatory instability, including retroactive policy changes and significant payment arrears under the previous feed-in tariff scheme, which severely eroded investor trust even before 2022. Bureaucratic hurdles and grid connection bottlenecks remain substantial operational risks. The full-scale war introduced overwhelming physical security risks and market disruptions, demanding novel policy responses beyond traditional support schemes. The analysis reveals that existing regulatory frameworks are often insufficient to address the magnitude of current challenges, particularly regarding war risk mitigation. Effective state policy must simultaneously address legacy regulatory deficiencies and implement robust mechanisms, potentially involving international partnerships, to cover war-related risks and facilitate reconstruction efforts. The practical value of this research lies in providing evidence-based insights for Ukrainian policymakers, regulatory bodies, and government agencies involved in shaping the energy sector's future. It offers a structured understanding of the complex risk environment, informing the design of more predictable, stable, and effective regulatory frameworks and support schemes tailored to current realities. Furthermore, the findings can guide potential domestic and international investors in assessing opportunities and risks within Ukraine's RES market. The article contributes to the strategic discourse on Ukraine's sustainable energy transition and green recovery, highlighting the indispensable role of sound state regulation in leveraging private investment for rebuilding a secure and modern energy system aligned with European standards.

Exploring Exchange Study Abroad Programs in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact and contributing factors of an exchange study abroad program between Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIU-C) and the University of São Paulo (USP). The research aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to participation, assess students' self-reported personal and professional growth resulting from the program, and explore how study abroad experiences influence cultural competence among students in communication disorders and sciences. Method: A mixed-methods approach was employed. The first cohort of USP students visited SIU-C for a month in August 2022, followed by SIU-C students doing 2 weeks of online coursework and traveling to USP for a week in August 2023. Two electronic surveys were conducted: (a) a general survey for SIU-C students to identify barriers and facilitators for attending study abroad programs and (b) a targeted survey for exchange program participants to evaluate personal and professional development. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and Pearson's chi-square tests to identify associations between demographic variables and participation factors. Results: Financial cost emerged as the primary barrier to participation in our exchange study abroad program. As for facilitators, participants with no prior study abroad experience placed greater importance on structured and planned experiences when deciding to participate ( p = .01). Location ( p = .003) and anticipated experiences ( p = .002) also influenced decision making. Participants reported improvements in both personal and professional competencies, including enhanced cultural competence after their study abroad experience. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for financial support mechanisms to make study abroad opportunities more accessible for students in our rural midsized university. Participation in our exchange program contributed to self-reported personal development, professional growth, and cultural awareness. This perceived growth may indicate increased cultural humility among future speech-language pathologists.

Mental health and well-being amongst police officers: a three-country comparison through the application of the jobs demand-resources model

Purpose Police officer mental health and well-being has emerged as a significant concern globally, with increasing recognition of the challenges posed by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and occupational stressors. This paper aims to examine police mental health in New Zealand, Australia and England and Wales, emphasising the prevalence of PTSD and associated risk factors. Despite shared legal and political frameworks, policing environments differ, affecting how mental health challenges manifest and are addressed. Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the paper provides a structured analysis of these issues, advocating for evidence-based interventions to improve police mental health support systems and organisational resilience. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a comparative approach, synthesising existing research on police mental health and well-being across New Zealand, Australia and England and Wales. It applies the JD-R model to assess the relationships between job demands, available resources and PTSD prevalence among officers. The analysis explores demographic factors, trauma exposure and occupational stressors contributing to mental health outcomes. By evaluating existing literature, this study identifies key trends and gaps in research, offering insights into how policing organisations can enhance their support systems. The methodological approach facilitates cross-jurisdictional comparisons while accounting for contextual differences in policing structures and operational challenges. Findings This study highlights significant levels of PTSD and related mental health challenges among police officers in all three jurisdictions. Although demographic factors and trauma exposure are consistent predictors of PTSD, variations in support structures, training and organisational culture influence mental health outcomes. The JD-R model underscores the importance of balancing job demands with adequate resources, including peer support, resilience training and organisational policies. The findings suggest that despite common stressors, responses to police mental health vary, necessitating localised, evidence-based strategies. Strengthening psychological support mechanisms and leadership training can mitigate the negative impact of policing on mental well-being. Practical implications This study underscores the need for police organisations to implement targeted interventions that address PTSD and broader mental health concerns. Recommendations include enhancing peer support networks, incorporating resilience training into police education and equipping managers with mental health leadership skills. In addition, continuous monitoring and evaluation of mental health initiatives are crucial to ensuring their effectiveness. The paper emphasises that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient; instead, tailored, evidence-based strategies should be developed to align with the specific needs of police forces in different jurisdictions. These findings are particularly relevant for policymakers, police administrators and mental health professionals supporting law enforcement. Originality/value This paper contributes to the growing body of research on police mental health by providing a comparative analysis across three jurisdictions. By applying the JD-R model, it offers a structured framework for understanding the interaction between occupational stressors and available support mechanisms. The study advances the discussion on police well-being by highlighting the importance of evidence-based policymaking and organisational change. Its findings provide valuable insights for scholars, practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve police mental health strategies. The study also emphasises the need for ongoing research to refine mental health interventions and ensure their long-term impact on policing.

Coupling between electrons’ spin and proton transfer in chiral biological crystals

Proton transport plays a fundamental role in many biological and chemical systems. In life, proton transport is crucial for biochemical and physiological functions. It is usually accepted that the main mechanism of proton transfer is a result of hopping between neighboring water molecules and amino acid side chains. It was recently suggested that the proton transfer can be simultaneously coupled with electron transfer. As life is homochiral, proton transfer in biology is occurring in a chiral environment. In this environment, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect relating to electron transfer and chirality is expected to occur. The present work establishes that the proton transfer is coupled to a specific electron spin polarization in lysozyme crystals, associating proton transfer to electron movement and polarization. To preserve total angular momentum, this motion may be coupled to chiral phonons that propagate in the crystal. Our work shows that the interaction of the electrons' spin and phonons is very significant in proton transfer through lysosome crystals. Injecting the opposite electron spin into the lysosome crystal results in a significant change in proton transfer impedance. This study presents the support for the proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism and indicates the importance of spin polarization in the process.