Spare Parts Supply Research Articles

State of the art - Automated micro-vehicles for urban logistics

The current discussion of automated vehicles mainly focuses on road-based passenger cars. However, automated micro-vehicles for delivery purposes might be more lucrative and even earlier available on the market. Until now, limited research is available about the global development of automated micro-vehicles for urban logistics. This paper conducts a market analysis on them to gain knowledge about the state of the art in respect to application, business model, and technical set-up. This study identifies 39 automated micro-vehicles. Their specific fields of application are still under test, but they focus on food/grocery delivery, post/parcel delivery, maintenance service, spare parts supply, delivery service for local shops, and mobile sales room services. We furthermore developed a classification dividing automated micro-vehicles by infrastructure (road, non-road), vehicle (delivery robot, bicycle) and human role. The analysis of the technical equipment shows, that the technical set-up between vehicle classes differs greatly due to different fields of application and infrastructure used.

Aspects relating to the reliability calculation of the cutting-teeth mounted on the bucket wheel excavators used in lignite mining

The paper deals with the calculation of the operational reliability for the cutting-teeth mounted on bucket wheel excavators used in lignite extraction in the Oltenia Basin. Based on the data recorded for three types of cutting-teeth used in production, a reliability study has been carried out which determines the main reliability indicators of the quality level of these cutting-teeth. The study compares the constructive and functional characteristics of the three types of cutting-teeth, which is the basic criterion for purchasing a certain type of cutting-tooth, as well as for the supply of spare parts.

Exploring Application Fields of Additive Manufacturing Along the Product Life Cycle

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology with increasing awareness within industrial production. Whereas rapid manufacturing and rapid prototyping are well known fields of application, AM-based spare part production or AM-based co-creation have a rather visionary character. Nevertheless, companies have started using AM along the product life cycle – from the generation of a product idea, through series production to the supply of spare parts. The findings of the explorative study offer insights into existing and emerging AM-based application fields. Moreover, it gives an overview about the benefits and challenges of implementing those into existing structures in companies in the industrial sector. It is apparent that AM is a complementary manufacturing technology in industrial production. However, the results of this exploration show that uncertencies remain in emerging application fields.

Study and comparison of the different costs’ schema associated to geometry, material and processing between 3D printing, injection molding and machining manufacturing technologies

Cost models to assess and compare the level of expenditure incurred when manufacturing a part by applying different production technologies are of big importance for industrial companies. However, the more precise a cost model is, the more information is needed in order to complete the costs calculation; thus, rising an emergent need for simplified yet accurate enough cost models. Building on a real industrial case study from a company dedicated to the supply of spare parts, the present paper starts proposing a categorisation of products capable of describing the level of added value of a part -being considered as high, average or low. Also, the paper proposes a simplified mathematical model for calculating and comparing parts costing, considering some estimators for geometry, material use and process complexity in the part. The model is applicable to calculate the production costs of a part made via additive manufacturing, injection molding and machining technology. Considering that other product-associated cost factors (such as logistic costs, warehousing, etc.) remain constant, the model can be utilized to compare the different production options and to advise which one would be more cost-effective to be applied. Finally, the cost models are applied to four products of high or average added value from the industrial company analyzed. In this application, the models reveal an acceptable level of cost approximation only in the cases of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies.

Research on "Location-Inventory" Problem of Spare Parts Supply Chain Based on Product Service System

On the one hand, product service systems generally provide better services to customers at the expense of service providers, such as product interaction design. On the other hand, there is a small amount of literature focusing on meeting customer needs, reducing the interests of service providers, and almost no the literature focuses on improving the profitability of service providers by focusing on product service systems. From the perspective of supply chain network design, this paper studies the “location-inventory” problem of multi-level parts network, and focuses on how to reduce the cost of service providers and increase their profits.

Supplier Selection for Spare Parts Supply Chain Networks

Spare parts management encompasses all the spare parts decisions; thus, it has a significant impact on the company results. This paper studies the integration of supply chain network design and inventory control decisions into the spare parts management context. The paper presents a modelling structure that integrates supplier selection, warehouse location, consumption point assignments, and inventory control decisions in order to optimize the total system cost while satisfying the company requirements. Additionally, the proposed structure incorporates sourcing strategy selection (i.e. warehousing or cross-docking strategies). A decomposition-based solution strategy is proposed based on the Generalized Benders Decomposition approach. The modelling structure is specified considering an inventory control policy widely used in industrial sites. The proposed integrated approach is focused on supporting the decision-making process yielding a spare parts supply chain system performance improvement.

Business intelligence for service parts logistics management

Many leading companies now offer global customers better spare parts services for system maintenance through a complex service logistics network, which extends traditional on-site stocking management to boost profit margins. The major challenge that spare parts service providers face is how to achieve desired service levels at a low cost and minimise excess inventory in the global spare parts supply chain. To address this issue, we demonstrate an inventory redeployment strategy that transforms a conventional spare parts supply chain into a closed-loop, multi-echelon service network capable of redeploying inventory from overstocked to understocked facilities, and thus reducing purchases of high-value spare parts. To assess the quality of our novel approach, we used a network flow optimisation model to analyse the proposed excess inventory redeployment strategy based on an international company's service parts operations. Significant inventory cost savings were identified.

Redistributed manufacturing of spare parts: an agent-based modelling approach

Maintenance and repair activities from the perspective of OEMs are both considerable sources of revenue and expenses, particularly when part of a Product Service System (PSS). It is therefore necessary for an OEM that provides services bundled with products to ensure timely response without significant impact on cost. This paper proposes a make-to-order spare parts supply chain strategy through the adoption of Redistributed Manufacturing (RdM) where the supply chain is shortened and total cost is decreased. An agent-based model that portrays an OEM’s response to repair a failed equipment is developed to exhibit the potential time and cost savings gained by OEMs.

Modeling of Spare Parts Supply Route Optimization with Hard Time Windows

Modeling of Spare Parts Supply Route Optimization with Hard Time Windows

Reducing resupply time with additive manufacturing in spare part supply chain

Abstract Recently, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has started to be considered as an alternative to Conventional Manufacturing (CM) in the spare part production, due to the negligible set-up times that AM has with respect to CM and the possibility of producing small batches. However, AM production times are usually larger than those of CM, making the choice between them not as obvious as it may seem. In this paper, the impact of AM is studied in a single-echelon supply chain under the assumption of infinite production capacity of the production facility and (S-1, S) inventory policy. Results are obtained by using analytical Markov Chain models.

A Simulation Based Modelling Approach to Jointly Support and Evaluate Spare Parts Supply Chain Network and Maintenance System

This research aims at proposing a simulation-based modelling methodology to support the decision-making process related to the Spare Parts Supply Chain, which is a significant supporting system for maintenance operations in manufacturing systems. The proposed simulation-based modelling approach suits as a useful quantitative methodology to evaluate the performance of the Spare Parts Supply Chain along with its impact on the underlying Maintenance System. The joint modelling and performance evaluation of both the Spare Parts Supply Chain and the Maintenance System allows to support the assessment and selection of policies and strategies related to Spare Parts inventories (e.g. supplying processes, transport decisions and maintenance operations). This methodology may yield a better system costs balance between Spare Parts Supply Chain and Maintenance System, while ensuring desired system service levels. Finally, it worth to be mentioned that this proposed simulation-based approach is suitable to be embedded into a more general decision-making framework to support Spare Parts Supply Chain planning and control.

CONCEPT OF THE MULTYNOMENCLATURE RECONFIGURABLE MACHINE REPAIR CLUSTER

Topicality. Ensuring reliable functioning of equipment and mechanisms by forming a machine-building cluster, which reduces the idle time as a result of the creation of flexible technological systems based on numerically controlled machine tools. The reliability of the functioning of production facilities created at the machine-building and processing enterprises is achieved not only by high-quality manufacturing, but also by the level of service, which is a continuous support of the working capacity of machines and mechanisms, based on the timely provision of spare parts and repair and maintenance products.Aim and tasks The purpose of the article is to search for innovative model of repair production, based on ensuring its flexibility through adaptive reconfiguration of technological equipment, focused on supporting the life cycle of the main production. Development of high-performance technologies, aimed at achieving advantages in the selected sectors of the economy.Research results. The conceptualization of the maintenance of the machine-repair function in the structure of the reconfigurable multi-cluster cluster, formed on the innovation platform of the machine-assembly shop on the basis of mobile intelligent machines with kinematics of a parallel structure, was realized. The gamma (dimensional series) of elements of the reconfigurable manufacturing system on the basis of mobile machines with parallel kinematics and intelligent control systems, which allows maintenance of a machine-repair cluster on the basis of reconfigurable productions, is developed. The proposed concept can be offered as a market product in the form of a gamut of mobile machines with intelligent control for different productions. The concept of reconfigurable multi-nomenclature production, based on a fundamentally new approach to layout, in particular, a mechanic-assembly shop of competitive production with the use of mobile intelligent machines with kinematics of a parallel structure, has been formed. The method of position identification, kinematic and dynamic parameters of mechanisms with the parallel kinematics structure, of which mobile machines are composed, is developed.Conclusions. The proposed ideology of the formation of the production structure of the cluster will ensure the consolidation of all types of capital: production, labor, financial, social and create conditions for the synergistic effect as a result of constructive interaction in the process of functioning of the BRMK.

UDC 621.436 Characteristics of the concept for the implementation of rational provision of regional truck transport company with spare parts

Technological University. Technical Sciences. – 2018. – Issue 2 (82). – P. 21–24: ill. 2. – Refs.: 9 titles.The article studies the rational approach to the organization of provision of spare parts of freight of region motor transport enterprises. Increasing the reliability of the operation of cargo vehicles, which perform international transportation over long distances, is complicated by the use of regional motor transport enterprises rolling stock production countries of the European Union. Most of these cars have been used for several years. Their purchase is by chance a casual event. Restoration of efficiency of these vehicles, after a sudden refusal during long-distance traffic on an international route, is a difficult event, which causes significant violations of the value and timing of cargo delivery and time of repair. The development of transport production can be made stable if timely investment of funds for the planned acquisition by the company of cars with rational technical characteristics is possible. In different conditions, internal funds of motor transport enterprises or external resources, as well as leasing, are used. Lack of investment leads to degradation of the enterprise, and the accidental updating of the motor transport enterprises rolling stock scenario does not include the mechanism for timely receipt of the required number and range of spare parts in the motor transport enterprises. It is proposed to significantly reduce the negative consequences caused by sudden failures of the enterprises of motor transport, due to the implementation of pre-emptive technical impacts before long distances, which in turn is impossible without the use of modern intellectual approaches to the provision of spare parts. Such approaches will allow to follow the logistic concept of minimization of spare parts reserves with the provision of a given level of reliability indicators.

Modeling and analysis of the on-demand spare parts supply using additive manufacturing

PurposeDespite the widespread expectation that additive manufacturing (AM) will become a disruptive technology to transform the spare parts supply chain, very limited research has been devoted to the quantitative modeling and analysis on how AM could fulfill the on-demand spare parts supply. On the other hand, the choice of using AM as a spare parts supply strategy over traditional inventory is a rising decision faced by manufacturers and requires quantitative analysis for their AM-or-stock decisions. The purpose of this paper is to develop a quantitative performance model for a generic powder bed fusion AM system in a spare parts supply chain, thus providing insights into this less-explored area in the literature.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, analysis based on a discrete event simulation was carried out for the use of AM in replacement of traditional warehouse inventory for an on-demand spare parts supply system. Generic powder bed fusion AM system was used in the model, and the same modeling approach could be applied to other types of AM processes. Using this model, the impact of both spare parts demand characteristics (e.g. part size attributes, demand rates) and the AM operations characteristics (e.g. machine size and postpone strategy) on the performance of using AM to supply spare parts was studied.FindingsThe simulation results show that in many cases the AM operation is not as cost competitive compared to the traditional warehouse-based spare parts supply operation, and that the spare parts size characteristics could significantly affect the overall performance of the AM operations. For some scenarios of the arrival process of spare parts demand, the use of the batched AM production could potentially result in significant delay in parts delivery, which necessitates further investigations of production optimization strategies.Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate that the proposed simulation tool can not only provide insights on the performance characteristics of using AM in the spare parts supply chain, especially in comparison to the traditional warehousing system, but also can be used toward decision making for both the AM manufacturers and the spare parts service providers.

PENGARUH ATRIBUT - ATRIBUT PRODUK YAMAHA JUPITER-Z TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN (SUATU SURVEI PADA DEALER MEGA UTAMA MOTOR DI JAKARTA BARAT)

The growth of worldwide automotive industrial sector forced PT Yamaha, as a Japanese motorcycle (known as Yamaha) producer, to enter the motorcycle market in Indonesia. Yamaha has grown and developed rapidly and has been successfully placed it self in the second rank that dominated about 25% of the motorcycle market share. PT Yamaha tries to understand the customer characteristics that are not dependant of interest and demand, but also to create product innovation through research and development product program. The writer is interested in Jupiter Z product and did a research to find out the correlation between Jupiter Z attributes with consumer’s satisfaction. The research used quantitative descriptive method and a survey carried out at Mega Motor in West Jakarta. The research compared two variables of attribute including physical performance, color variance, engine performance, safety and easy handle, engine maintenance, guarantee and claim, fuel consumption, spare parts supply, after sales service and resale value. There were 100 respondents involved in the survey, the writer used Likert Scale of 1 – 5 with the aggregate variables that were plotted in Cartesian diagram using performance importance analysis. The results were between 3.33 – 3.98 with average value of 3.78 (quite satisfied) and importance attribute ranged from 3.98 – 4.31 with average value of 4.16 (important). From the Cartesian Diagram we can see that in Quadrant I (top priority) the respondents concern about guarantee, claim and after sale service while Quadrant II (dependent priority) the respondents thought about physical performance, engine performance, security and easy to drive, engine maintenance, supplies and spare parts. In the third Quadrant (low priority) respondents considered fuel consumption and resale value while in the last Quadrant (over priority) respondents chose color variance. Kata

The influence of additive manufacturing on the configuration of make-to-order spare parts supply chain under heterogeneous demand

Additive manufacturing (AM), alongside technological developments, has been used in the production of spare parts with positive results for spare parts supply chains. In this study, we investigate spare parts supply chains serving heterogeneous demands from multiple service locations under the mode of make-to-order. We aim to compare different configurations (i.e. centralised and distributed) of spare parts supply chains in terms of their performance (e.g. sojourn time and cost) and to further propose suggestions to better configure AM-based spare parts supply chains by effectively allocating AM machines at service locations (SLs) or regional distribution centres (RDCs). In order to realise these research objectives, the simulation approach is used as the main research method. Different from the existing perception, our results illustrate that the distributed deployment of AM machines does not always guarantee a quick response, and that centralised configuration is desirable when the demand rate is relatively high due to the pooling effect. The distributed configuration, however, can still be suitable, considering the development of AM technology. Our results also indicate the possibility of a mixed configuration of AM-based supply chains with the potential for outperforming the purely centralised/distributed configuration. The criteria to design such a mixed configuration are also offered.

Inventory policy for relining roll spare parts to minimize total cost of inventory with periodic review (R,s,Q) and periodic review (R,S) (Case study: PT. Z)

PT. Z is a company that focus on steel industry in Indonesia. This company produces steel plates and coil. Relining roll is one kind of spare parts. The function is to reduce thickness of steel. Relining roll used in almost of machines in cold rolling mill. However, there is a problem in supply of spare parts called overstock in January-December 2017. The effect of overstock is high cost on holding inventory. The result of ABC analysis, there are seven spare parts with A category which are four spare parts with slow moving demand, two spare parts with erratic demand, and one spare parts with lumpy demand. Spare parts with slow and erratic demand use periodic review (R,s,Q) policy and spare parts with lumpy demand use periodic review (R,S) policy. The result of calculation of using periodic review in proposed condition is 99,98%. And the result of calculation of total cost inventory using periodic review (R,s,Q) and periodic review (R,S) is Rp 3.019.768 or 90,31% lower than actual condition.

The perceived value of additively manufactured digital spare parts in industry: An empirical investigation

The purpose of this paper is to verify the conceptual benefits of the implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) in spare part supply chains from the point of view of industry. Focus group interviews consisting of five sessions and 46 experts in manufacturing were conducted for this study. The focus group interviews served to identify the issues in the adoption of digital spare parts (DSP) and to expand on the available literature. The benefits found in the reviewed literature were partially verified by the participants but certain limitations, such as the excessive need of post processing, supplier quality parity, and ICT inadequacies, were presented that were absent or not highlighted in literature. The information gathered from the participants made it possible to create a realistic model of a digital spare part distribution network. According to the focus group interviews, digital spare parts could be deployed immediately for a specific type of product in the long tails of company spare part catalogues. However, improvements in AM, company ICT infrastructure, and 3D model file formats need to be achieved for a larger deployment of DSP.

Component Analysis of Purification System of RSG-GAS

COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF RSG-GAS. Component reliability analysis is required in the aging management of RSG-GAS that has reached an age of 30 years. One of the required analyses is the assessment of the distribution of repair data and the estimation of related parameters. The Primary Purification System (KBE01) and the Purification and Warm Water Layer System (KBE02) are important components of RSG-GAS. By knowing the repair data distribution, the parameters of the most frequently occurring component repair and the average of the repair period can be estimated, so that the required provision of spare parts for the smooth operation of the reactor can be predicted. The purpose of this study is to analyze the components of the KBE01 and KBE02 systems through the data distribution approach using the matching test method. With the matching test, the form of data distribution can be determined, so the parameter of the average component repair period that can be used as a comparison of the maintenance period of the components can be estimated. The repair times of KBE01 and KBE02 in RSG-GAS on Core 52 through Core 88 (2006-2015) were analyzed using goodness-of-fit test. The repair times of AA068 and AP001 KBE01 follow the exponential distribution with average repair times of 631.6 and 451.2 days, respectively. The repair times of WWL and AA002 KBE02 followed an exponential distribution with average repair times of 239.5 days and 888.0 days.

A Study of Customer Satisfaction on After Sales Service of Two Wheelers in Kathmandu Valley

<p>The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between various identified after-sales service attributes of Two Wheeler brands and customer satisfaction. It further intends at segregating the major after sales service as per Kano Model. This research is a quantitative research with a sample size of 280, 40 each on the basis of brands of bike and scooter. Sample is selected in a quota and convenience basis. The brands which are taken as samples includes Honda, Hero, Bajaj, Mahindra, Yamaha, Royal Enfield and others (TVS, Suzuki and VR). Kano Model analysis, frequency analysis, correlation, ANOVA test, independent sample t-test, etc. are used for data analysis. Kano model is taken as a basic model for the study.</p><p>Surprisingly, it is found that supporting after sales service has more impact on customer satisfaction than major after sales services have. Apparently, the most valued after sales service is behaviour of technicians which has the strongest and positive relation with customer satisfaction. Behaviour attributes play major role in customer satisfaction. Likewise, functional and dysfunctional questions are analyzed to carry out Kano Model Analysis. From the research, it is found that Spare part supply, Warranty, Bike wash and Service camp are the must be requirements. Likewise, Repair and Maintenance, Customer Care, Inspection and Mobile Van (office hours) are regarded as one dimensional services. And, Driving Orientation and 24 hours Mobile Van service are regarded as Attractive services. At present, 63% of customers are satisfied with the after sales service and 10% are very satisfied with the current after sales service. This study is significant to distributors of two wheelers and parent companies, as they can formulate after sales service strategies by understanding the present satisfaction level of customers and degree of each after sales service attributed to satisfy the customers.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 1-21</p>